Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
BATTAGLIA DI NOVI
Pietro Rescia
La Battaglia di Novi, con la torre del castello sullo sfondo. Alexander von Kotzebue, La Battaglia di Novi,
olio su tela, 355x215, 1852-1855 ca., San Pietroburgo, The State Hermitage Museum
Lord William Bentinck (1774-1839) è un della Fontana del Sale di Piazza Dellepiane.
personaggio storico inglese noto soprattutto Meno noto è il fatto che Bentinck quindici
per essere stato nominato primo Governatore anni prima fu presente a Novi, testimone di-
Generale del Bengala, carica che mantenne retto della Battaglia di Novi.
dal 1828 al 1835. Nel 1799, Bentinck venne inviato dal Mini-
La vita di Bentinck si intreccia con la città stro degli Esteri britannico, Lord Wyndham
di Novi nel 1814, al termine del governo Grenville, quale ufficiale di collegamento con
napoleonico, quando al comando della flotta l’esercito alleato della seconda coalizione,
britannica, dopo lo sbarco a Genova, com- all’epoca impegnato nella campagna in Italia.
pensò Novi per avere difeso dalle pretese dei Bentinck fu affidato a Suvorov, il coman-
francesi in ritirata i sali e i tabacchi depositati dante russo, che egli definì venerabile e ri-
nei magazzini cittadini. Il denaro elargito spettabile, un buon uomo […] egli ci ricevette
venne utilizzato per finanziare la realizzazione molto cordialmente e mi baciò su entrambe
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LORD BENTINCK TESTIMONE DELLA BATTAGLIA DI NOVI
5
NOVINOSTRA IN NOVITATE, III, 5, GIUGNO 2018
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LORD BENTINCK TESTIMONE DELLA BATTAGLIA DI NOVI
7
NOVINOSTRA IN NOVITATE, III, 5, GIUGNO 2018
8
LORD BENTINCK TESTIMONE DELLA BATTAGLIA DI NOVI
clock upon the left of center of the French, but after a of Piedmont is terminated at Novi by a very long ridge
very desperate conflict it was found impossible to force of hills, which rise so suddenly, and are so steep, that
their strong position. The French were content with de- the ascent is extremely difficult, though the height is not
fending themselves, & made no attempt to follow up very great; they extend towards Basaluzzo on one side,
this advantage. Fortunately, at this moment General and towards Seravalle on the other, and upon these
Melas arrived from the lamp at Rivalta with 16 Battalions heights the enemy was encamped on the 15th, their
of Austrian Infantry & fell upon the enemy right which right towards Seravalle, their centre at Novi, and their
he obliged to fall back. Continuing to attach with vigor left towards Basaluzzo, overlooking the whole pain. The
he completely succeeds in turning their flank & taking army was commanded by Gen. Joubert, and consisted
the enemy both in flank & rear the whole line retaliated of six divisions, amounting to about thirty thousand
in the greatest disorder & a most decisive victory has men; their object was to raise the siege of Tortona, and
been gained. General Joubert was killed early in the they were to have attacked the allied army on the 16th;
action. Moreau succeeded to the commend. He had the Field Marshal however determined to anticipate
been superseded by Joubert & was only present as a them in their intentions, and orders were given to Gen.
spectator. General Gravechy, Colli, Perignan & Bor- Kray to take under his command the corps of Gen. Bel-
donau with 4000 men have been made prisoners. The legarde and to fall upon the left of the enemy, and the
allies have taken 74 tumbrils & 33 pieces of cannons. Russians were to attack the front of their position. As it
The whole Army is in devour. I am sorry however to add was reported that the enemy had detached a consid-
that the corps of the Austrian & Russians has been very erable corps in the mountains towards Tortona, Gen.
great. The victory has been complete but deadly Melas remained at Rivalta with the remains of the army
thought. in order to cover the siege of Tortona or to march to the
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Papers of Lord William H. Cavendish Bentinck support of the Marshal, if necessary. The attack was
(1774-1839), soldier, politician and statesman: Early made by Gen. Kray at five o’clock in the morning of the
military career to 1803. 15th; it continued with great violence for several hours,
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Philological Society of London, The European but the difficulty of the ground and the number of the
Magazine: And London Review, Volume 36, September French obliged him to retire. The Russian also engaged
1799. the front of the enemy, but they were repulsed with
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Novi, Aug. 19. My Lord, The column under the great loss. About two o’clock Gen. Kray, made a sec-
command of Gen. Kray arrived at Alexandria, from ond attempt upon the enemy’s left, while the Russian
Mantua, on the 12th, and on the day following was to at the same time again endeavoured to penetrate the
have proceeded to the place of its destination, on the centre of the enemy’s line. Notwithstanding the utmost
left of the whole, according to the plan of operations bravery the allied troops, the French maintained their
which I sent your Lordship some time ago. On the 12th position. Most fortunately at this moment, Gen. Melas
the enemy was in motion in different points, and it ap- arrived with sixteen battalions of Austrian Infantry, at-
peared as if he meditated some attack. Gen. Kray was tacked the enemy’s right, which he beat back without
therefore ordered to remain at Alexandria till further or- difficulty. Having turned the flank of the enemy, he pur-
ders. General Bellegarde, with eight thousand men, sued his advantage and got possession of Novi. The
were at Serzo, and the Field Marshal, with six hundred Russians immediately marched through Nove, sup-
Russians, was at Possolo Formigolo; his advanced ported the attack of Gen. Melas with great vigour and
posts in front of Seravalle. The remainder of the troops the whole French line was thrown into confusion and
was at Rivalta. On the 13th the enemy continued to ad- retreated in the greatest disorder. The whole line pur-
vance in great numbers. The Marshal had given orders sued Gen. Grouchi, commending a division endeav-
that no partial action should be engaged in with the oured to rally his men, but in vain; he was taken
French; in consequence of which Gen. Bellegarde was prisoner. There other Generals, Colli, Bordonau, and
directed upon the approach of the enemy to march to Perignan; four thousand prisoners, thirty pieces of can-
Ritorta upon the Orba. The advanced posts before Ser- non, and fifty-seven tumbrils, are the result of this vic-
avalle were also driven in, and the French took posses- tory. I fear the loss of the Allies must have amounted to
sion of Novi. On the 14th Gen. Kray advanced to near five thousand men. I forgot to mention that Gen.
Tressonara. It was hoped that Gen. Kray might have Joubert was killed, and that Moreau, who was present
been able to have cut off a small French column which as a volunteer, has again taken the command of the
had followed Gen. Bellegarde as far as Castelferro; but army. I have the honour to be, &c. W. Bentinck.
it had early in the morning of the 14th turned to its right, 7
“The Dispatches and Letters of Vice Admiral Lord
and had marched to Novi, where the whole French Viscount Nelson” Volume 3, page 446, Henry Colburn,
force was concentrated. The great and extensive plain Publisher, 1845.