Acc. Sc.

Torino
Quaderni, 28 (2017), 73-104, 38 Þgg. ©,0(5&2/('Î'(//¶$&&$'(0,$ª

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5LDVVXQWR La dinastia dei Sasanidi, sostituitasi a quella dei Parti nel

dominio del Medio Oriente nel III sec. d.C., fu alla guida dell’ultimo
grande impero dell’Iran antico. L’impero sasanide –multietnico e multi-
culturale– si estendeva dalla Mesopotamia all’Asia Centrale e ai conÞni
dell’India, contendendo all’impero romano prima e a quello bizantino poi
il ruolo di superpotenza dell’epoca, Þno al crollo improvviso nel VII sec.
d.C. sotto l’urto delle armate dell’Islam.
I documenti dell’arte sasanide a noi noti –i rilievi rupestri, le archi-
tetture e i loro apparati decorativi, i prodotti delle arti suntuarie e in
particolare le argenterie– sono espressione diretta delle concezioni della
regalità dei sovrani e dello sfarzo ra৽nato della loro corte. In essi l’ere-
dità delle culture dell’Oriente antico e dell’Oriente ellenistico-romano,
dell’Asia Centrale e delle steppe eurasiatiche si unisce alle tradizioni più
autenticamente iraniche nel creare manifestazioni di grande originalità,
dando vita a fenomeni di vastissima portata storica.
L’arte sasanide conobbe una straordinaria Þoritura, e la diৼusione di
suoi motivi coinvolse tanto l’Occidente, quanto l’Oriente, penetrando
nelle regioni vicine, nel mondo bizantino e in quello indiano, e raggiun-
gendo la Cina per mezzo delle carovane che percorrevano le vie della
seta. Questo costante processo di irradiazione culturale oৼrì inÞne un
apporto determinante anche alla formazione del repertorio Þgurativo
medievale dell’Europa come dell’Asia. Soprattutto profondo fu l’impatto
che motivi iconograÞci, soggetti letterari e modelli architettonici in voga
nell’impero sasanide ebbero sull’arte dell’Islam, non soltanto in Persia
e in Asia Centrale.


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