Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
!"$#%#%'&)(+*+,
-/.10 2
3547698;:<6>=?=@4BA;4DCFEHGIJ4LKNMPORQSOUTV6S:W4
XZY\[']_^a`bcedfbgdfbihkjglh^a^mhe`cgnohplq]r[']_sktNhu`cgnLbvsk]_nwnVxyclzbj\bVsk]{
XZY\[']_^a`bcedfbgdfbihkjglh^a^mhe`cgnohplq]r|)cgs5}s~`cgncsk]_nwnVxyclzbj\bVsk]{
XZdfbihkjglh^a^bdfb9}b[<^Fc[<lhskcfD[}n`bihskc|)cg^a`n])['['c?dfbh}k['[D|)cg^F]
hplzbihbVnHs}^F]_lqc|)cg^a`n])['['c~Phn hplzbihplq]d]_nwnoh5`}n[Whktbcgsk]FF
N
!"$#%#%'&)(+*+,
-/.10
}sktbcgsk]rd]_nwnoh5`}n[Whktbcgsk]FF
XZ9dfbihkjglh^a^bH`cgnohplzbg['cgskc5dfbfjglhskd]bV^a`cl"/hsktNh5`]_l ncu[<}kdfbc5d]_nwnoh [</hbVnLb h
d]pb\[b[<]_^b9bVs5lq]lqchktbcgsk]!|_lzb ]_lzbcdfb 9}b[<
XZcp/h noh
}sktbcgsk]edfb9lhk[]_lzbV^F]_sNcP
p
BbVn9dfbihkjglh^a^mhP`cgnohplq] [b `}c~
lhk|
|pbihplq]5`]_l `}sN
b7 [']_`phplhskdc n]~`phpl"
bJlq] hn]a]5bV^a^mhkj\bVsphplzbih dfb P ] d]]_l
^bVsphskdcgsk] b hnclzb\|)cl!lzb[`cgskd]_sN
b%h hplzb hnclzb\dfb
Xg]?}sph
}sktbcgsk] dfbUlhk[ ]_lzbV^F]_sNc P
p
] d hN/hbVs cl!^mh$ hNclzbttNhN/h noh
|)cl!lzb[`cgskd]_sN]
}sktbcgsk]dfbvlzb[`c[</h hpl!^Fcgsb| h]
2 J! "#"#
" !$&%
P 2
(' 2 J!(' )"#"#U
" !*',p+
XZ sN]_l!`plq]/hktbcgsk]jglh&g
- | had]_nwnoh.
}sktbcgsk]rdfbSlzb[`c[</h hpl!^Fcgsb| h/' }s ])[']_^a`bc {
XZfdfbihkjglh^a^bdfb 9}b[<D['cgskcujglhkd9}phN
bHbVs
2
02143658749;:
20 14365=<>9?:@0214365=<BAC:@0214365=<EDF:
2 G 9 10LK 9 5MK A 5MK D 5MK H :
G A G D GHJI
^Fc d9}nLbON 2 )N
N - )NQ
P ] n]$ h@
[bSR 2 TR
TR - ]QR P ['cgskc$ hk|pbVnw^F]_sN]
d]]_l!^bVsph
bVnLbH`]_l bihjglh&g- | hU
P
XZ s?^Fcgn1
b| hk[b7
&W
[} e|pb]_sN]
>
noh
`]_lnc
[<}kdfbc@d]_nwnoh
|)cgskc['|)]_sktNh
d]_nwnVxwhskd
dfb 9}b[<
N
!"$#%#%'&)(+*+,
-/.10 -
])jcgn]`]_lbVnlhk|)|pbih^F]_sNc
vb$hk|)|pbih5lzb ]_lzbV^F]_sNcuhkd
X
d]pb\dfbihkjglh^a^b%`cgnohplzb
XZ nkdfbihkjglh^a^mhm`cgnohplq]mnohk['|pbihnVxwhk['[']
h['])|)cgskd h
2\
| k]
>W
W X
lq] hn]
l!}kcp/hskdcebVs
[bihusk])jhN
b cuc
[']_sk['cclhplzbcchsN
bclhplzbc
`c[b
b c
N
!"$#%#%'&)(+*+,
g] >]:
-/.10
&NOQPP Y
> / $R
!c 9}k]_nwnc
hnclq] dfb 2
2
2
]_n | hk['cPbVs |_}bvnohP
p [bihd hN/hubVs.cl!^mh.$hNclzbttNhN/hr[b.p
\ ha|2k\ ]{
1(
12
(
&
/
&
/
dfbihkjglh^a^mheskcgs
X
}s5`}sNc5d]_nwnVxwhk['[']elq] hn]{
g] ]
B@ ADC
3E
P
DbVn>dfbihkjglh^a^mhP]_l!^bVsph
bVndfbihkjglh^a^mhF]_l!^bVsphesk]_nwnVxyclzbj\bVsk]
+(
%
2
bVs
+2 +
(+ "#"#"
"#"#"
/hskj]_sN]rhkd}skcd])jgnLbghk['[b
|)c clqdfbVsphN
b {
&-
- '
] .
dc ]
)
['cgskcZbs}^F]_lzbSd])jgnLbSt]_lzbS]d]pb`cgnLbbV^a^mhkj\bVsphplzb7J|)cgs
9}k]_nwnLb\d])jgnLbgt]_lzb ]d]pbv`cgnLb9h5`phpl"]
$'$(<,w(9_N(+/i(+**f<w(+#Hyi,N
z$
U
lq] hn]e`c[b
b h
/
])d
N
<
!"$#%#%'&)(+*+,
-/.10 0
&-
bihkjglh^a^mh
dfbg9}b[<{Bdfbihkjglh^a^mhm`cgnohplq]
d]_nwnoh
}sktbcgsk]
dfb lzb[`c[</h
hpl!^Fc
sb| hP{
Im(G(jw))
Anticipo
Ritardo
Re(G(jw))
arg(G(jw))
|G(jw)|
XZ\dfbihkjglh^a^bdfbS9}b[<
[b%`c['['cgskc
lzb| h hplq]
&-
= I
DsN
b|pbV`cclzb /hplqdc
lzb[`]c5hnwnoh
]]_l!^bVsphktbcgsk]md]_nwnVxwhk[bVsNcpc
$hk[']
I
}sNcudfbfhpl!lzb c
I
}sN
bgdfbHbVsN]_lq['])tbcgsk]|)cgs~nVxwhk['[']
* Z \ bV}k[}lh ,~d]_n
>-
R
bVsbtbihn]
]_l"
b| hn]
XZ
U
}sNcudfbv`phpl"]_sktNhad]_n dfbihkjglh^a^mh
U
lq] hn]
`]_lb\[b[<]_^b dfb
bV`c
dfbihkjglh^a^mh
|)c[</hsN
b_dfb]_^a`cdfbg`cgnLb_ct]_lzbp[']_^a`nLb|pbpc|)cg^a`n])['[bp]
=
& p
%
/21
%
c[</hsN]dfb ]_^a`c
c[</hsN]dfb ]_^a`c
+
|)cgsbV}kjhN
b
&
& 2/ 1
+
N
!"$#%#%'&)(+*+,
-/.10
&-
XZY\[']_^a`bc9{
% :f
P
p
\
:8" /
%
% 2: : / \ %
= I
/+98 :
T
}sNcedfbH`phpl"]_sktNh
.cl!^mh
sk]_nwnoh
ha|)c[</hsN
b\dfb ]_^a`cfJ`]_l }s
V]
d]_n dfbihkjglh^a^mh
R / {
d hNc
d h
lzb /hplqdc?lzb[`]c
noh|)c[</hsN]
/ #>
R Y>
hnwnoh
>
bVnH`}sNcbVsbtbihn]
% P p
^Fcgn1
bV`nLb| hN
b hdfb9P p
[b[<]_^mhrdfb
bV`c
!])[']_^a`bc
P
p
3E
NOQPDP
p
3E
DsN
b|pbV`c
]/h
- %
3
% / : % 2: :
p
>?:
`]_l
> %
`]_l
/
?:
R 9> /
?:
[}&We|pb]_sN]5| hn|)cgnohplq]bVn
$hk[']bVsbtbihn] R Y@
['])jgskcud]_nwnoh['])jg}k]_sN]r|)c[</hsN]{
W ?:
DsN
b|pbV`c ![']_sk['c~hsN
bclhplzbc
(
&
&
W
8
W ?:
b /hplqdc ![']_sk['cuclhplzbc
1
&)( ] & lh``plq])[']_sN/hskcf%lzb[`]
b h^F]_sN]gn] |)c[</hsN
bdfbk]_^a`cmd])jgnLbpt]_lzb
dc ]
1
%
]md]pbS`cgnLb\d]_nwnoh.
}sktbcgsk]eP
p]_nwnVxy])[']_^a`bc W
/ : ?:8
]]_l!^bVsphktbcgsk]md]_nwnVxwhk[bVsNcpc ]_l"
b| hn] `]_lb\[b[<]_^b dfb
bV`c = ( xwhk['|pb['[Wh
d]_nwnVxwhk[bVsNcpc
(
xwhk['|pb['[Wh
] {
&( &
]_lzb
b| hn]
W /
13
/:
6" /
]
N
!"$#%#%'&)(+*+,
I
}sNc
dfb hpl!lzb c
cl!^mh
sk]_nwnoh
+ 8
h@`cgnLb]
/ {
P p
NOQPDP
p
]/h
t]_lzb7D`]_lm}s
-/.10
3E
3E
]5d hNc
d h
noh~|)c[</hsN]
<
[b[<]_^mh
dfbjglhkdc
!])[']_^a`bc
<
^Fcgn1
bV`nLb| hN
b h5dfb P p
lq]_nohN
b c
% :\
T?:
: <
%
R /
<
R
/
<
bVn`}sNcZdfb
P p :\
`]_l
`]_l
?:
:
?
N
!"$#%#%'&)(+*+,
-/.10
* Z \ bV}k[}lh ,d]_nBdfbihkjglh^a^mhUvbd]>-Ssb['|)]
dfbihkjglh^a^mh
`cgnohplq]
|)cg^a`n]c
noh
lzb[`]c
hnwnVxwhk['[']?lq] hn]
]_nU| hk['c
sk]_nwnVxyclzbj\bVsk]BbVnfdfbihkjglh^a^mh
|)cl!lq]/h^F]_sN]
h
2\
c |)|)cl!lq]
&-
|)c[ 9cp]_s}Nc
['])jg}bVlq]rnohF['])jg}k]_sN]lq])jcgnoh { bVn_dfbihkjglh^a^mh
&
sk]_nwnVxyclzbj\bVsk]d]_nwnoh.
}sktbcgsk]
])[Wh^F]
F: 5
d haP
XZ]_nwnVxy])[']_^a`bcPbVs
}sktbcgsk]?P
puhbih@d]pbD`cgnLb
] hsk|)clh *h`]_l"c, I ]_lU|2\bV}kd]_l!nc
bVs@|_}bDnoh
F:
fhpl!lzb hskdcehaP
[']_sk['c
dfb99}b[<
;]bVsk[']_lq]_skdc
clhplzbc?9}phsN
bU['cgskc
Q> 5b
`cgnLb
P p
.\
[b ph {
w= 0-
Im(G(jw))
sa
Re(G(jw))
w= 0+
N
!"$#%#%'&)(+*+,
-/.10
}sktbcgsb9h``plqc['[bV^mhsN
b
vbih
X
sk]pbJdfbihkjglh^a^bSdfb Jc d]U[bih
}sph
j]_sk]_lzb| haP p
`]_l
bVs
8 :
9}k]_nwnLb dfb9}b[<
J 8
]r`]_l
[bg`} c
bVn |)cg^a`cl"/h^F]_sNc
[<}kdfbihplq]
dfb
|)cgsk[bd]_lhskdc
)
}sktbcgsb9h``plqc['[bV^mhsN
b%
p]
p
p ]
noh
}sktbcgsk]mh``plqc['[bV^mhsN] dfb\P
p `]_l 8 : vbcp
b]_sk] lhk['|_}@
lhskdc}N
bfb]_l!^bVsb\bVsT
hkde])['|_nw}k[bcgsk]Fd]pb9`cgnLb%sk]_nwnVxyclzbj\bVsk] ( Y
[bihunoh cl!^mhadfb%P
p
{
:
% :f
p
\2
:8" /
% 2
% :2: / : /
2
%
/
p
/
2
%
p %
/ :
% :2:
\
lzb[`]
b h^F]_sN]an]
p
\
:8" /
%
% :2:_
-
- %
%:
3
3
p
/
/
% p % / : % :2:
\
p % :2:
\
X
(.
p]
]
}sktbcgsbSh``plqc['[bV^mhsN
bv
cl!^a}n]
`phpl"]_sktNh
2\=]
`]_lq|
bVsNlqc dcp]bVs
]
['cgskc
dfb hpl!lzb c
[bihZd]pb;dfbihkjglh^a^bdfb
d h
p /
%:
p
}k[Whplq]ehn `c[<cPd]_nwn]
]_nc |)]_^F]_sN]
bB`}sN
b dfb
Jc
9}b[<u[bihZdfb;9}k]_nwnLbdfb
|)c[</hsN
b;^Fcgn1
bV`nLb| hN
b ]~]
Y\[']_^a`bc9{
p[b `c['['cgskc
`]_l d]]_l!^bVsphplq]
`plq])|)])d]_sktNh
| hplhN]_lzbttNhN]5['cgnc
`cgnLbvsk]_nwnVxyclzbj\bVsk]
d h
d]
] ]_sN}phnLb
P
R 3 E
P
?:
R 3E
N