'US 2006028568541 cu») United States 2) Patent Application Publication co) Pub. No.: US 2006/0285685 A1 Msezane (54) DNA BASED IDENTIFICATION AND. TRACKING SYSTEM (75) Inventor: Tembu James Msezane, Washington, De (Ws) Comespondence Address: PHILIP Tl. BURRUS, IV 460 Grant Street Atlanta, GA 30312 (US) (73) Assignee: Temba James Msezane, Washington, pews) Ql) AppleNos A 0322 (22) Filed Jun. 19, 2005 Publication Classification (1) Inc. Guor 19/00 Gur 21722 (2006.01) (200601), (43) Pub. Date: Dec. 21, 2006 (32) USC 380/59; 702/20 on TRACT A method and apparais for tracking and identitiation of ‘humans and animals via an embedded network consisting of existing communications infrastructure by routing unique DNA profile dats packets emitted by a DNA RF MEMS Device. The apparatus consists of a RP enabled transmiter whieh emits a unique data packet containing DNA informa tion from the subject. The system uses available wireless networks, intemet protocols, and databases 10 be able t0 locate the subject and allows the subject to project presence or identity instantly, accurately, and securely aeross any sistance. The method and apparatus enable a unique ide tiie that allows forthe “real ime” physical, spatial, elee- teonie, and biometric verification of location and identityPatent Application Publication Dec. 21,2006 Sheet 1 of 3 US 2006/0285685 AI etvery operations tisson Ect — EMBEDDING SYSTEM NETWORK t ft — ft t METHOD} ‘PROBE ‘TRANSCEIVER RECEIVE Stier & “Battery L ‘Send veny |sriner a 2 DNA Enoaer esse Ho ATTACH] Mierosystem RF Transceiver v (er ree] Power | pemery =— LI RF Transminer | Signal 2S 7 onscne | Ej Le Recover =) Processing Figure 2 - DevicePatent Application Publication Dec. 21, 2006 Sheet 2 of 3 US 2006/0285685 AI Figure 3 — Embedding Sensor Network Intemet e+] Sere Contain = EEE 902.15 4302.11 [Sensor Pratforr| enso* Platfonm| [Sensor Plaiforn [Sensor Plator| t i t [ DMA Packet Ow AT speite Figure 4 —- DNA Data Network LayersPatent Application Publication Dec. 21, 2006 Sheet 3 of 3 US 2006/0285685 AI Extraction Delivery Detection Emissiors Separation lad Eject Figure 5 - ProcessUS 2006/0285685 AI DNA BASED IDENTIFICATION AND TRACKING. SYSTEM {0001} A method and apparatus for the tacking and iden- fity verification of human and animal populations via @ «distributed network system is described below. The sehema revolves around a de-centralized identification service that routes emitted data packets to lgeate and verify the identity ‘of individuals in a popolation, The service wes the natural ‘universal identifier (eg. DNA), for both human and animal populations to route identity specific information through the various networks ad databases [0002] The service consists of an embeded network con- ‘isting of existing communications infrastructure and works by routing unique data pockets emitted by a DNA RF MEMS (Micro Electrical Mechanical Systems) Device via traition- ally Infemet Packet Protocols. The apparatus consists of & IRF enabled device that emits unique data packet contain ing unigue DNA information from the subject. The system uses available wireless networks, intemet protocols, and software to be able to locate the subject. The method and ‘apparatus enable a unique identifier tha allows for the “real time" physical, spatial, electronic, and biometric verification ‘of location and entity. [0003] ‘The service leverages the power ofthe network and feural net programs to create # autonomous real time Jocation distribution system using the unique identifier that can be only created by the individul’s DNA. As the invention relies heavily on existing communications and ‘information networks, as well as existing and Future appli- ‘ations (Goftare) and the emitting device, the fll concept ‘and seape ofthe invention cannot he fully documented. The basic categories of the system are I) the Sensor or Deviee, 2) the Embedding System and 3) the Process. The Sensor ‘element consists of 1s) 4 multifunction inteprated! NEMS! MEMS (Nano/Micro Electical Mechanical Systems) sensor chip 1b) Probelldentficr and 1c) RF OLE_LINKIRadio Frequency)OLE_LINK1 MEMS. (Micro Electrical Mechanical Systems) Transceiver. The Fmbedding System ‘element consists of the a) Sensor Platform 2b) Neworking and the 2c) Wireless Link. The final element is the Process ‘element which consists of the following components: 32) Delivery, 3b) Operations 3e) Emission, [0004] The Sensor element desribes the real time DNA. RP MEMS Device which uses integrated circuits combining RF and sensor functions on the same chip, approaching system-on-chip (SoC) implementations. The Probe: lden- tiller module describes the components for realtime DNA ‘Mentification and capturing the Single Nucleotide Polymor- phism (SNP) or Shor Tandem Repeats (STR) sequence dats. ‘The final component ofthe Senscr Device i the RE MEMS. transceiver. While all of the components of the sensor are ‘currently available in various sizes and forms, this device ‘will combine the three components to crente a process that alles Tor unique Tocation tricking and identity Verification, [0005] ‘The Embedding System is @ wireless autonomous platform for the DNA sensors which routes the emited data packet in the network. While the methodology discussed in the description of the identification and location service is based on the specified realtime DNA identification sensor ‘coupled with the RF transceiver (Le. sensor platform oF device}, the embedding system is functional with RF trans mission of uaigue DNA identifier data packets not obtained Dee. 21, 2006 through the afore mentioned sensor, The embedding sys- tem's sensor platform describer the sensor in terms of {unetional components allowing for the evolution of the devices to become more sophisticated as the technology evolves and allows for plug and play capabilites based on ‘available components. The Networking element deseribes the autonomous wireless network of senso data, Tho Net- ‘working element relies heavily on the standards crested for sensor transmission and Intemet Protocols based on DNA. packets conlsiaing the SNP o SIR information, Device ID, ‘ime, and other aecompanying parameters The data packets fare smal, fixed, and transmitted in regula pluses Via the TEBE 802.15, 802.11, nd 1415 standards. This enables the Wireless Link component to uiilize a standanl, RF MEMS transceiver broadcasting the data packets in real time or close to real time fashion using very little enerpy. [0006] The Delivery component ofthe Process element is the unique methodology flow that allows for the DNA RE MEMS Deviee to be activated by the subject human or ‘animal. Through the specified delivery methods, the device is able provide secure and unique identification emission {rom which location ean be racked, and information ca be tached to creating a ubiquitous information wallet, certifi fate, oF file, The Operations component refers to the func- ‘ions that the sensor platform conduets to obtain and verify the DNA profile, The final Process component isthe Ex sions which refers tothe data packet that is broadcast from the device und includes the physical emissions of the device during the final stage of the process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS [0007] FIG. 1 provides the overview eonceptsization of the integrated elements and components, The sensor plate orm across the botlom provides the bass forthe integrated device consisting ofthe physical components listed as block objects. The embedding system network is represented above the device components receiving inputs form the ‘components along the Process steps. The Process is divided into for steps as opposed tothe thre steps mentioned inthe Summary section to highlight the “eject” portion of the emission process representing the mechanical process as ‘opposed to the broadest portion [0008] FIG. 2 provides a sehematie ilustration not drawn to scale of the DNA RF. MEMS Device of the prosent vention, Showa in FIG. 2 age: 1) the DNA probe 2) DNA, Chip 3) TimeriClock 4) RF MEMS Transceiver 5) Battery with optional rechargeable power supply 6) Location device 7) Optional Magnetic Induction component. [0009] FIG. 3 provides « general overview of an autono- ‘mous Wireless communications network using an Embedded Sensor Network and an IP based DNA Data Packet routing bus. [0010] FIG. 4 is @ diagram of the specifle Nework adware, and Device layers of the DNA Data Layers [0011] FIG. 5 is a Bowchart of the key processes DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0012] As discussed above, the DNA tracking system is based on a device that broadcasts a DNA data packet to @ sensor network, The device and the ntwork wore in tandem to provide location and identify veriietion, While manyUS 2006/0285685 AI ‘configurations of the deviee and the network exist of whieh the elements can be found in the clains section, this descrip tion refers to te configuration envisioned by the inventor at the time of filing [0013] The device, also referred to as the sensor platform, ‘san apparatus for the broadcasting ofthe DNA profile. The DNA profile that i inchuded in the data brosdeast is one of the following widely aecept methods of DNA identification ‘ypically using OLF-LINK2Short Tandem Repeats (STR- S)OLF_LINK2 or Single Nucleotide Polymogphism (SNP). FIG, 11 refers to the integrated attachment (adhesion) of the device via @ probe used for DNA extraction. FIG. 1.2 refers fo the traditional three step DNA profiling process for ‘obtaining SNP andor STP information. This process is based on a single use method of extraction ofthe DNA from the subject, separation of the DNA elements, and detection ‘of the sequences [0014] There are many methods of DNA typing of whieh DNA chips are being developed for integrating into MEMS. ‘The device is method independent although certain param- ‘eters have to be met. Some of the methods include: SNP- based assays, SNP-huplovyping technology, DNA Sequenc- ing with Nanopores or Nanowires, DNA Analysis using Microcantilever ara, labeling fee DNA detection using an ‘electrochemical process, labeling free DNA detection using ‘acoustic surface waves, The device is referred to #8 sensor platform due to the fact that one type of DNA. profiling ‘method is not required. Additionally, i th initial build up ‘of the network, traitional RFID tags with the DNA profile ‘embeds! within will be used, [0015] FIG. 1.3 refers to the timer or clock component of the platform allowing for internal operations, timed events from delivery 1 operations and broadcasts of the DNA packets, FIG. 14 refer to the lrnsociver module for ‘communications to the sensor network. FIG. 15 roles 10 the power functions on the sensor platform represented as & battery function forthe delivery and DNA chip process and 1 power function for the emissions functions. These func- fons ate separated inorder to allow fr technologies that use transmitted power generation, vibration power generation ‘or chemiea} resetion power generation 6 be used for the broadcast functions, [0016] FIG, 16 refers to the locational processes associ sted with determining the location of the device. As with folher components of the sensor platform, more than one method a determining location can be used and standard ‘components exist for these functions. As stated in the claims section, the sensor platform may contain a method for ‘determination of location using any combination of GPS, assisted GPS, gyto, accelerometer, high frequency sound (ultrasound), or magnetic induction. [0017] The major faetions of the deve are delivery of the device to the subject, writing the DNA profile to the ‘device, verification of the DNA profile with the network, broadcasting the DNA data pocket on a continaous basis “until the device receives instntions to sop operations and release of the probe/attachment mechanism. [0018] _As seen in FIG. 2, the components ofthe device oF Sensor platform, ft into One ineprated system that i divided into two components. The left side of the dotted line, ‘contains the entssion or broadcast functions while the Fight Dee. 21, 2006 the functions necessary for determination of profile. The orientation of the components as shown are fr illustrative purposes and size isnot to scale, ‘The optional magnetic indtion eomponeat can be replaced with high frequeney sound (ultrasound) or optical sensor ‘The location processing component is a combination of GPS, assisted GPS, gyro, or accelerometer seasor(s) that may be used ia conjunetion with the optional magnetic induction, high frequency sound (oltrsound), or optical sensor(s). [0019] The Embedding System element consists of the Sensor Platform, Networking and Wiroless Link. As dis- cessed above, the sensor platform is the integrated Nano’ Micro Flectrical Mechanical System sensor chip. The Net- ‘working clement is shown in FIG. 3 comprises of the sensor platform linked 0 routing stations using an IP based trans- port system. The routing stations are connected 1 the Internet, communication network, and RE wireless network, Using the Wireless Link, the sensor platform is able t0 broadcast the DNA data packet across the IEEE 802.15, IEEE 1415, and IEEE 802.11 wireless standards. Key com: ponents shown in FIG. 3 are the applications and databases that subseribe to the DNA data packets via identification service applications or information bus. [0020] FIG. 4 shows the three DNA data neswork layers that are nctwork specitie, hardware specific and devi specific, The lowest level is the deviee specific layer that ‘consists of the broadcast ofthe DNA profile data packet. The ext layer shows hardware specific sensor platform that includes the broadcast method and contains the DNA profile, ‘The last layer isthe network specific layer that uses stan- dards to route the DNA packets across the network layers 10 the applications that subseribe to the packets. Routes are established “on demand” as requested by the source of Which only the active routes are maintained by each node. [0021] The final element is the Process element which ‘consists ofthe following components: Delivery, Operations, ‘and Emission, FIG, § shows the link between the three elements with the third elemeat, emission, divided into the broadcast operations and the eject process. The Delivery ccomportent represents the attachment of the device to the stbject. The steps to the right ofthe Delivery box represent the device specific steps to obtain the DNA profile. The preferred method of abiaining the DNA profile is using a vice with a sof-contained total analysis system for detee- tion of the STR andior SNP DNA sequences. The process starts with the probe component ofthe device adhering tothe subject and extracting a sample for Separation and Detection fof the DNA profile. The Operations process begins ater the integrated Extraction and allixation process is completed ‘nd Separation ofthe sample for Detection begins. Once the DNA profile is oblained, the DNA profile is written to the sensor platform and the verifieation process begins. [0022] |The Verify step consists of the data packet consi {ng of the Device ID, the DNA profile, and time stamp being sent to the network to be remotely verified via the ident cation system’ applications and databases. Once the system verifies the packet, a signal is sent to the deviee to statUS 2006/0285685 AI ‘continuous broadcasting ofthe DNA data packet. The Eject process occurs when a Receive signil to release the device Js received either during the verification process or during ‘oma operations o i the device slops working. The eject process also rele 10 the optional step after verification of the DNA data packet occurs and the delivery funetions ofthe device illustrated on the left side ofthe dated line in FIG. 2 are no longer needed. Any portion of the mechanical Structure of the probe used in the aflixation process will BACKGROUND OF INVENTION [0023] Numerous systems have been conventionally ‘implemented for determining a geographic location and ‘other parameters associated with persons, things, oF 2p ratuses. The various known location tacking devices, how = ‘ever, havea number of limitations that imit their usefulness jn tracking populations. Such conveational systems typically include Global Positioning Systems (GPS) to perform the eo-location determination [0024] Additionally, numerous identity. systems and ‘devices been conventionily implemented for determining ‘and verifying the identity of persons and animals. While passports, cards, licenses, ceriicaes, biometrics, have been implemented in various manners, all have drawbacks asso- red with scalability and uniqueness nd traditionally have not been direct linked to geographical location tracking [0025] Requirements for an ideal system include realtime ‘communications, a nique biometric identifier, and scalabil ity that enables cost effectiveness and upgrades based on new technologies. Furthermore, conventional systems Ii cally restrict users lo monitor geo-locaton devices at ded ‘cated monitoring systems that are ted to a GPS transmitter. Advancements in global communication networks, dat bases, biosensors, and RF MEMS have allowed the conver= gence of the combination of realtime biosensors and real time tracking to create a sealable, cost effetive, DNA based ‘rocking and ieatiication system. [0026] Therefore, there exists need for a system and ‘method for realtime tracking and identity verification via @ scalable network. There fther exists a need fora system tnd method to make tse of existing communications infa- Structure and future enbiancements that Will allow for iate- _gmtion into existing and future tracking systems. ubigu ‘ous method and system to combat identity theft and ideatity {rand while allowing for location tacking is needed, 1. An apparatus for establishing a global and universal Jocation tacking and identity verification system based on & unique biometric identifier, DNA, comprising of: device that broadcasts DNA profile packets which ‘uniquely identify 0 subject human or animal: and > an embedding sensor network that utilizes existing and planned communication networks to route DNA profile Dee. 21, 2006 paces via Internet Protocols allowing detem of location «. a universal racking and identification device. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the device that boadcasis the DNA profile packets comprises a transceiver that broadeasts data packets comprising a Device ID, DNA profle, and a stamp. 3. The appari in claim 1, wherein the embedding sensor network uses one of IEEE 802.15, IEEE 1415, IEEE 802.11, radio frequency communications, magnetic indve- ‘ion communication, high frequency communications Inter ret protocol based data packet routine system, Intemet protocol edge routers, intelligent stations inking éommuni- tation networks, and applications and databases used for verification, location determination, and information retricval 4A method allowing universal tacking and ientitiation via DNA profile packets visa sensor platform and a sensor network fo ensure identify and detemnine identification, the scthod comprising the slops of a. delivery ofthe sensor platform to a subject via implan- b. obtaining a DNA Profile of the subject; «. verifYing the DNA profile of the subjeet; and 4. broadcasting the DNA profil ofthe subject, a Device ID, and a time stamp. 8. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the transceiver that broadcasts dat packets communicates the DNA profile of the subject toa extemal network (6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the device that broadcasts DNA profile packets comprises a sensor platform built on an integrated Nano oF Micro electical mechanical system eontaining an radio frequency transceiver. 7. The method of claim 4 wherein the step of obtaining the DNA profiles sol contained and uses 2 Miero total analysis system (I-TAS) or a lab-on-a-chip, ‘8. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the sensor platform comprises device for powering intemal operations by a power source selected from the group consisting of a rechangeable battery, ransnissons, vibrations, and chem cal reactions, 9. The method of claim 4, futher comprising the step of {determining location using one of GPS, assisted GPS, gyro, accelerometer, high frequency sound, magnetic induction, fd combinations thereof. 10, The method of elaim 4, further comprising the step of releasing components ot associated with the sep of brosd- casting the DNA profile of the subject after the sep of verifying the DNA profile ofthe subject. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the DNA profile packets comprises one of STR, DNA sequences. SNP, DNA. sequences, or combinations theeo!