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UNITED STATES
PATENT OF F IC E.
NIKOLA TESLA, OF NE\V YORK, N. Y. , ASSIGNOR OF 'lWVO-THIRDS TO
C HARLES F . PEOK, OF ENGLEIVOOD, NEV JERSEY, AND ALF RED S.
BROYVN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.
DYNAMO-ELEC T'RIC MAC HINE.
SPEC IF IC ATION forming p a rt 0f Le t t e rs Pa t e nt N0. 4 06 ,9 6 8 , d a t e d Ju ly 1 6 , 1 8 8 9 .
Ap p lic a t ion file d Ma rc h 2 3, 1 8 8 9 . Se ria l No. 304 ,4 9 8 . ( No mod e l. )
To a ll wh om t ma y c onc e rn:
Be it known t h a t I, NIKOLA TEs LA, from
Smilj a n, Iiika , b ord e r c ou nt ry of Au s t ria
Hu nga ry , a s u b j e c t of t h e Emp e ror of Au s t ria ,
a nd a re s id e nt of Ne wYork, in t h e c ou nt y a nd
St a t e of Ne w York, h a ve inve nt e d c e rt a in ne w
a nd u s e fu l Imp rove me nt s in Dy na mo or Ma g
ne t o Ele c t ric Ma c h ine s , of wh ic h t h e following
is a s p e c ific a t ion, re fe re nc e b e ing h a d t o t h e
a c c omp a ny ing d ra wings .
Th is inve nt ion re la t e s t o t h a t c la s s of e le c
t ric a l ge ne ra t ors known a s u nia ola r in
e 7
wh ic h a d is k or c y lind ric a l c ond u c t or is
mou nt e d b e t we e n ma gne t ic p ole s a d a p t e d t o
p rod u c e a n a p p roX ima t e ly -u niform fie ld . In
t h e firs t -na me d or d is k a rma t u re ma c h ine s t h e
c u rre nt s ind u c e d in t h e rot a t ing` c ond u c t or
flow from t h e c e nt e r t o p e rip h e ry , or c on
ve rs e ly , a c c ord ing t o t h e d ire c t ion of rot a t ion
or t h e line s of forc e a s d e t e rmine d b y t h e
s igns of t h e ma gne t ic p ole s , a nd t h e s e c u rre nt s
a re t a ke n off u s u a lly b y c onne c t ions orb ru s h e s
a p p lie d t o t h e d is k a t p oint s on it s p e rip h e ry
a nd ne a r it s c e nt e r. In t h e c a s e of t h e c y
lind ric a l a rma t u re -ma c h ine t h e c u rre nt s d e
ve lop e d in t h e c y lind e r a re t a ke n off b y
b ru s h e s a p p lie d t o t h e s id e s of t h e c y lind e r a t
it s e nd s .
In ord e r t o d e ve lop e c onomic a lly a n e le c t ro
mot ive forc e a va ila b le for p ra c t ic a b le p u r
p os e s , it is ne c e s s a ry e it h e r t o rot a t e t h e c on
d u c t or a t a ve ry h igh ra t e of s p e e d or t o u s e a
-d is k of la rge d ia me t e r or c y lind e r of gre a t
le ngt h , b u t in e it h e r c a s e it b e c ome s d iffic u lt
t o s e c u re a nd ma int a in a good e le c t ric a l- c on
ne c t ion b e t we e n t h e c olle c t ing-b ru s h e s a nd
t h e c ond u c t or, owing t o t h e h igh p e rip h e ra l
s p e e d .
It h a s b e e n p rop os e d t o c ou p le t wo or more
d is ks t oge t h e r in s e rie s wit h t h e ob j e c t of ob <
t a ining a h igh e r e le c t ro-mot ive forc e ; b u t
wit h t h e c onne c t ions h e re t ofore u s e d a nd u s
ing ot h e r c ond it ions of s p e e d a nd d ime ns ion
of d is k ne c e s s a ry t o s e c u ring` good p ra c t ic a b le
re s u lt s t h is d iflic u lt y is s t ill fe lt t o b e a s e ri
ou s ob s t a c le t o t h e u s e of t h is kind of ge ne r
a t or. Th e s e ob j e c t ions I h a ve s ou gh t t o a void ;
a nd for t h is p u rp os e I c ons t ru c t a ma c h ine
wit h t wo fie ld s , e a c h h a ving a rot a ry c ond u c t or
mou nt e d b e t we e n it s p ole s , b u t t h e s a me p rin
c ip le is involve d in t h e c a s e of b ot h forms of
ma c h ine a b ove d e s c rib e d , a nd a s I p re fe r t o
u s e t h e d is k form I s h a ll c onfine t h e d e s c rip
t ion h e re in t o t h a t ma c h ine . Th e d is ks a re
forme d wit h fla nge s , a ft e r t h e ma nne r of p u l
le y s , a nd a re c onne c t e d t oge t h e r b y ie x ib le
c ond u c t ing b a nd s or b e lt s . _
~ I p re fe r t o c ons t ru c t t h e ma c h ine in s u c h
ma nne r t h a t t h e d ire c t ion of ma gne t is m or
ord e r of t h e p ole s in one e ld of forc e is op p o
s it e t o t h a t in t h e ot h e r, s o t h a t rot a t ion of t h e
d is ks in t h e s a me d ire c t ion d e ve lop s a c u rre nt
in one from c e nt e r t o c irc u mfe re nc e a nd in t h e
ot h e r from c irc u mfe re nc e t o c e nt e r. C ont a c t s
a p p lie d t h e re fore t o t h e s h a ft s u p on wh ic h t h e
d is ks a re mou nt e d form t h e t e rmina ls of a
c irc u it t h e e le c t ro-mot ive forc e in wh ic h is
t h e s u m of t h e e le c t ro~ 1 not ive forc e s of t h e t wo
d is ks .
I wou ld c a ll a t t e nt ion t o t h e ob viou s fa c t
t h a t if t h e d ire c t ion 0f ma gne t is m in b ot h
fie ld s b e t h e s a me t h e s a me re s u lt a s a b ove
will b e ob t a ine d b y d riving t h e d is ks in c p
p os it e d ire c t ions a nd c ros s ing t h e c onne c t
ing-b e lt s . In t h is wa y t h e d iffic u lt y of s c
ou ring a nd ma int a ining good c ont a c t wit h
t h e p e rip h e rie s of t h e d is ks is a void e d a nd a
c h e a p a nd d u ra b le ma c h ine ma d e wh ic h is
u s e fu l for ma ny p u rp os e s -s u c h a s for a n e x
c it e r for a lt e rna t ing-c u rre nt ge ne ra t ors , for a
mot or, a nd for a ny ot h e r p u rp os e for wh ic h
d y na mo-ma c h ine s a re u s e d .
rl h e s p e c ific c ons t ru c t ion of t h e ma c h ine
wh ic h I h a ve j u s t ge ne ra lly d e s c rib e d I h a ve
illu s t ra t e d in t h e a c c omp a ny ing d ra wings , in
wh ic h - - ' '
F igu re I is a s id e vie w, p a rt ly in s e c t ion, of
my imp rove d ma c h ine . F ig. 2 is a ve rt ic a l
s e c t ion of t h e s a ine a t righ t a ngle s t o t h e
s h a ft s . ,
In ord e r t o form a fra me wit h t wo iie ld s of
forc e , I c a s t a s u p p ort A wit h t wo p ole ~ p ie c e s
B B int e gra l wit h it . To t h is I j oin b y b olt s E
a c a s t ing D, wit h t wo s imila r a nd c orre s p ond s
ing p ole -p ie c e s O O . Th e p ole -p ie c e s B B
a re wou nd or c onne c t e d t o p rod u c e a iie ld of
forc e of give n p ola rit y , a nd t h e p ole -p ie c e s
O a re wou nd or c onne c t e d t o p rod u c e a
SO
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fie ld of' op p os it e p ola rit y . Th e d riving-s h a ft s
F G p a s s t h rou gh t h e p ole s a nd a re j ou rna le d
in ins u la t ing-b e a mrigs in t h e C a s t ingI A D, a s
s h own.
flil K a re t h e d is ks or ge ne ra t i1 1 g-c ond u c t ors .
Th e y a re c omp os e d of c op p e r, b ra s s , or iron
a nd a re ke y e d or s e c u re d t o t h e ir re s p e c t ive
s h a ft s . Th e y a re p rovid e d wit h 'b roa d p e
rip h e ra l fla nge s J. It is of. c ou rs e ob viou s t h a t
t h e d is ks ma y b e ins u la t e d from t h e ir s h a ft s ,
il' s o d e s ire d . A fle x ib le me t a llic b e lt L is
p a s s e d ove r t h e fla nge s of t h e t wo d is ks , a nd ,
if d e s ire d , ma y b e u s e d t o d rive one of t h e
d is ks . I p re fe r, h owe ve r, t o u s e t h is - b e lt
me re ly a s a oond u e t or, a nd for t h is p u rp os e
ma y u s e s h e e t s t e e l, c op p e r, or ot h e r s u it a b le
me t a l. Ea c h s h a - ft is p rovid e d wit h a d riving
p u lle y M, b y wh ic h p owe r is imp a rt e d from a
c ou nt e r-s h a ft .
N N a re t -h e t e rmina ls . F or s a ke of e le a r
ne s s t h e y a re s h own a s p rovid e d wit h s p ring's
P, t h a t b e a r u p on t h e e nd s of t h e s h a ft s . Th is
ma c h ine , il s e lf-e x c it ing, wou ld h a ve c op p e r
b a nd s a rou nd it s p ole s , or e ond u e t ors ofi' a ny
kind -s u c h a s t h e wire s s h own in t h e d ra w
ings -_ ma y b e u s e d . .
I d o not limit my inve nt ion t o t h e s p e e ia l
c ons t ru c t ion h e re in s h own. lf or e x a mp le , it
is not ne e e s s a r) T t h a t t h e p a rt s b e c ons t ru c t e d
4 06 ,9 6 8
iu one ma e h ine or t h a t t h e ma t e ria ls a nd p ro
p ort ions h e re in ` give n b e s t ric t ly F ollowe d .
lf u rt h e rmore , it is e vid e nt t h a t t h e c ond u c t
ing` b e lt or b a nd ma y b e C omp os e d ol. ' s e ve ra l
s ma lle r b a nd s a nd t h a t t h e p rinc ip le of c on
ne c t ion h e re in d e s c rib e d ma y b e a p p lie d t o
more t h a n t wo nla e h lne s .
NV h a t I e la ini is --
l. An e le c t ric a l ge ne ra t or c ons is t ing ot t h e
c omb ina t ion, wit h t wo rot a ry e ond lu iz t ors
mou nt e d in u nip ola r fie ld s , ol. ' a fle x ib le C on
d u c t or or b e lt p a s s ing,r a rou nd t h e p e rip h e rie s
of s a id e ond u e t ors , h e re in s e t fort -h .
2 . Th e C omb ina t ion, wit h t wo rot a ry oon
d u C t ing-d is ks h a ving- p e rip h e ra l fla nge s a nd
mou nt e d in u nip ola r fie ld s , of a fle x ib le c on
d u c t ing` b e lt or b a nd p a s s ing' a rou nd t h e
Vfla nge s ot b ot h d is ks , a s s e t fort h .
Th e c omliina t ion of ind e p e nd e nt s e t s of
fie ld -ma gne t s a d a p t e d t o ma int a in u nip ola r
F ie ld s , e oinlu e t ing-d is ks mou nt e d t o rot a t e in
s a id . fie ld s , ind e p e mfle nt d riving me c h a nis m
for e a e h d is k, a nd a fle x ib le e ond u e t ing b e lt
or b a nd p a s s ingl a rou nd t h e p e rip h e rie s ot t h e
d is ks , a s s e t fort h . `
,NIKOLA '. I ESLA,
Wit ne s s e s :
PARKER W. PAGE,
ont F . Ga y nor-z o.
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