CEMATH LOGARITMOS

Pgina 1
LOGARITMOS



Ejercicio1

Repasa el concepto de logaritmo, calculando en cada una de las siguientes expresiones.


2
5
log 2 5 25 x x x = = =

3
4 3
1 1
log 3 4
4 64
x x x

= = = =

4
4
1
2
1
log 4 2 16
2
x x x

| |
= = = =
|
\


0
3
log 0 3 1 x x x = = =



2
log 2 10 0.01 x x x

= = =

( )
1 1
3
3 3
8
1
log 8 2 2
3
x x x = = = =

2
2 2
0.25
1
log 2 0.25 4 16
4
x x x

| |
= = = = =
|
\


1
2
3 3
3
1 1 1 2 2log5
3 5 log 5 log 5 2 2
2 2 2 log 5 log3
x
x x
x x
+
= = = + = =
+ +


2 1
4 4
1 1
log 2 4 2 2 2 2 1 log 2
2 2
x x
x x = = = = =

1
8 8
1 1 1
log 8 8 8 1 log 1
8 8 8
x x
x

= = = =

3
2 2
125 1
log 0.125 2 2 2 2 3 log 0.125 3
1000 8
x x x
x

= = = = =

1
2
2
1
log 9 9 9 81
2
x
x x x = = = =

2
log 6 2 6 6
x
x x = = =

3
3 3
1 1
log 0.001 3 0.001 10
10
x
x x
x

= = = =

1
0.25 4
4
log 2 0.25 2 2 2 16
x
x x x x = = = = =


2
log 121 2 121 121 11
x
x x x = = = =

2 1
4 4
1 1 1 1 1
log 4 2 2 2 1 log
2 2 2 2 2
x x
x x

= = = = =

3
5
log 5 1 3 5
3
x
x x = = =

1
1
3
1
log 1 3
3
x x x

| |
= = =
|
\


2
2
5 5
log 25 5 25 5 5 2 4 log 25 4
2
x
x
x
x = = = = =

1 2
7 7 7 7
3 3
2 2
log 9 3 9 3 3 log 9
7 7
x x
x = = = =

5 3 3
1
2 5 ln 2 5 ln 2
3
x
e x x

= = = +
CEMATH LOGARITMOS


Pgina 2
Ejercicio 2

Hallar
1
4
12 5
2 3
log 0, 5 ; log 256 ; log 27 ; ln e



Solucin

1
4
1
2
4
3
5 5
3
12 12
log 0, 5 2 0, 5 2 2 1
1
log 256 256 4 4 4
4
3
log 27 3 3
5
ln 12

= = = =
| |
= = = =
|
\
= = =
= = =
x x
x
x
x
x
x x
x x
x x
e x e e x



Ejercicio 3
Hallar los logaritmos de
1 1
p
y
n n
en el sistema de base n


Solucin

1
1 1
log 1
x x
n
x n n n x
n n

= = = =

1 1
log
x x p
n
p p
x n n n x p
n n

= = = =


Ejercicio 4
Sabiendo que log2 0.30103 = , calcular
7
4
log8 ; log5 ; log 32 ; log 781, 25


Solucin

3
log8 log 2 3log 2 3 0, 301030 0, 903090 = = = =

10
log 5 log log10 log 2 1 0, 301030 0, 69897
2
= = = =

( )
1
5 7
7
5 5 0, 301030
log 32 log 2 log 2 0, 215021
7 7

= = = =
( ) ( ) ( )
1
1
7
4
4
5 2
4
2 2
78125 5 1 1
log 781, 25 log log log 5 log 2 5 log10 log 2 2 log 2
100 4 4 5 2
| |
| |
= = = = =
| |
\
\


( ) ( )
1 1 2, 89279
5 7 log 2 5 7 0, 301030 0, 723197
4 4 4
= = =


Ejercicio 5
Resolver la ecuacin
3
1 1
log log 4
3 3
x =


Solucin

3
1 1 1 1 1
log log 4 log log 4 log log 4 log10 log log 40 40
3 3 3 3 3
x x x x x = = + = + = =


CEMATH LOGARITMOS


Pgina 3
Ejercicio 6
Resolver
2
log 2 log(11 )
2
log(5 )
x
x
+
=

Solucin

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
log2 log(11 )
2 log2 log 11 2log 5 log 2 11 log 5
log(5 )
x
x x x x
x
+

= + = =

( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
10 100 36
2 11 5 22 2 25 10 3 10 3 0
6
x x x x x x x x

= = + + = =

1
2
10 8
3
10 64
6
10 8 1 6
6 3
x
x
x
+
= =

= =

= =

Ejercicio 7
Resolver
( )
2
5 9 log 2 log125 3 x x + + =



Solucin

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1000
5 9 log 2 log125 3 5 9 log 2 log 5 9 log 2 log8
125
x x x x x x + + = + = + =



( ) ( )
2 3 2 2 2
5 9 log 2 log 2 5 9 log 2 3log 2 5 9 3 5 6 0 x x x x x x x x + = + = + = + =

1
2
2
5 1
3
5 25 24 5 1
2
5 6 0
5 1 2 2
2
2
x
x x x
x
+
= =

+ = = = =

= =

Ejercicio 8
Resolver
32
5log 2log 3log log
2 3 9
x x
x + =


Solucin
( ) ( )
32
5log 2log 3log log 5 log log 2 2 log log 3 3log log 32 log 9
2 3 9
x x
x x x x + = + = +

5 2
2 3 9
5log 2log 3log 5log 2 2log3 log32 log9 4log log 4log log81
32
x x x x x

+ = + + = =
4log 4log3 log log3 3 x x x = = =




Ejercicio 9
Resolver ( ) 2log log 16 2 x x =


Solucin
( )
2 2
2
2 log log 16 2 log 2 100 100 1600 0
16 16
x x
x x x x
x x
= = = + =


CEMATH LOGARITMOS


Pgina 4

1
2
2
160
80
100 10000 6400 100 3600 100 60
2
100 1600 0
40 2 2 2
20
2
x
x x x
x

= =

+ = = = = =

= =

Ejercicio 10
Resolver
( ) ( )
3
log 25 3log 4 0 x x =

Solucin

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 3
3 3 3
log 25 3 log 4 0 log 25 log 4 25 4 x x x x x x = = =

3 2 3 2 2
16 256 208
25 64 48 12 12 48 39 0 4 16 13 0
8
x x x x x x x x x

= + + = + = =


1
2
16 8
12 16 12 4
6 3
8 4 6 6
6 3
x
x
x

= =

= = =

= =

Ejercicio 11
Resolver
2
10 11
log log 1
10
x
x
+
=


Solucin
( )
2 2
2 2
10 11
log log 1 log log 10 11 log10 1 log 0 1
10 10 11 10 11
x x x
x x x
x x
+
= + + = = =
+ +



1 2 2
2
11
10 100 44 10 12
10 11 10 11 0
1 2 2
x
x x x x x
x
= +
= + = = = =

=

Ejercicio 12
Resolver log 3 1 log 2 3 1 log5 x x + =


Solucin

3 1 10 3 1 3 1
log 3 1 log 2 3 1 log 5 log log 5 25
2 3 2 2 3 2 3
x x x
x x
x x x
+ + +
+ = = = =




76
3 1 50 75 76 47
47
x x x x + = = =


Ejercicio 13
Resolver el sistema
110
log log 3
x y
x y
+ =

+ =

Solucin
( ) ( )
110
110
log log(110 ) 3 log 10 log1000 (110 ) 1000 log log 3
y x
x y
x x x x x x x y
= + =

+ = = = + =

CEMATH LOGARITMOS


Pgina 5

2
1 1 2 2
200
110 1000 0 100 10 10 100
2
x x x y x y + = = = = = =




Ejercicio 14
Resolver el sistema
3 5 35
log log 1
x y
x y
+ =

+ =

Solucin
2
35 3
3 5 35
5
log log 1 35 3
log log 10 10 10 3 35 50 0
5
x
y
x y
x y x
xy xy x x x

=

+ =

+ =

= = = + =

1 1 2 2
35 1225 600 35 25 5
10 1 6
6 6 3
x x y x y

= = = = = =


Ejercicio 15
Resolver el sistema
log 3log 5
2log log 3
x y
x y
+ =

Solucin

2
log 3log 5
7log 14 log 2 10 100
2log log 3 6log 3log 9
Si 100 2 3log 5 3log 3 log 1 10
x y
x x x
x y x y
x y y y y
+ =
= = = =

= =

= + = = = =




Ejercicio 16
Resolver el sistema
11
5 5
log( ) log( ) log 33
x y
x y x y
+
=

+ + =

Solucin
( ) ( )
11
5 5 11
log( ) log( ) log33 log11 log log33 log log3 3
x y
x y
x y x y x y x y x y
+
= + =

+ + = + = = =

Y resolvemos el sistema
11
2 14 7 11 7 4
3
x y
x x y
x y
+ =
= = = =

Ejercicio 17
Calcular x sabiendo que el doble de su logaritmo decimal excede en una unidad al logaritmo de
11
10
x +


Solucin
CEMATH LOGARITMOS


Pgina 6
2 2
2
11 11
2log 1 log log log 1 log 1 10
11 11
10 10
10 10
x x
x x x x
x x
| | | |
= + + = = =
| |
\ \
+ +


Resolvemos la ecuacin y tenemos

2
1 2 2
2
11
10 100 44 10 12
10 10 11 10 11 0
11
1 2 2
10
x
x
x x x x x
x
x
= +
= = + = = = =

=

+


La solucin -1 no es vlida.



Ejercicio 18
Resolver el sistema
2 3 40
log log log 2
log log 1
x y z
x y z
x y
=

+ =

Solucin
2 3 40
log log log 2 log 2 100
log log 1 log 1 10 10
x y z
xy xy
x y z
z z
x x
x y x y
y y

+ = = =

= = = =

Resolviendo el sistema quedara:

2 2 2
2
2 3 40
10 3
100 10 2 40 3 80 400 0
100 100 10 10
10 10
x y z
xy xy y y y
z z y y y y
z
x
x y
y

= = = = = + =

= =

1
2
2
20
80 6400 4800 80 40
3 80 400 0
40 20
6 6
6 3
20 200 40
Si 20 200 40 Si
3 3 9
y
y y y
y
y x z y x z
=

+ = = = =

= =

= = = = = =



Ejercicio 19
Calcular el valor de a sabiendo que la ecuacin
3
log( )
2log 5 log 40
log( 2)

x a
x
tiene dos soluciones, cuyo producto
es -15


Solucin
CEMATH LOGARITMOS


Pgina 7

( ) ( )
3 3 3 3
3
3 3 3 3 2 2
log( ) log( ) log( ) log( )
2log5 log 40 log 40 log25 log1000 3
log( 2) log( 2) log( 2) log( 2)
log( ) 3log 2 2 6 12 8 6 12 8 0
x a x a x a x a
x x x x
x a x x a x x a x x x x x a

= = + = =

= = = + + =


Como la ecuacin tiene dos soluciones cuyo producto es -15, entonces

8
15 8 90 98
6
a
a a

= = =



Ejercicio 20
Resolver
( )
( )
3
log 35
3
log 5
x
x

Solucin
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3
3 3
3 3 3
log 35
3 log 35 3log 5 log 35 log 5 35 5
log 5
x
x x x x x x
x

= = = =

3 2 3 2 2
5 25 24
35 125 75 15 15 75 90 0 5 6 0
2
x x x x x x x x x

= + + = + = =
1
2
3
5 1
2 2
x
x
x
=
= =

=

Ejercicio 21
Resolver el sistema
( )
( )
log 1
log 0
xy
xy
x y
x y
=

+ =

Solucin
( )
( )
( )
2
log 1
1 1 3 1 0
log 0 1 1
xy
xy
x y x y xy
y y y y y y
x y x y x y
= =

= + =

+ = + = =

2
1 1
2
2
3 5 3 5 1 5
1
3 9 4 3 5
2 2 2
3 1 0
2 2
3 5 3 5 1 5
1
2 2 2
y x
y y y
y x

+
= = =

+ = = = =

+ +

= = =

2
2
3 5 3 5 1 5
La solucion 1 no es valida porque la es negativa
2 2 2
y x x
+ +
= = =


Ejercicio 22
Resolver ( ) ( ) ( ) log 2 4 log 3 1 log4 2log 8 x x x + + + =


Solucin
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
2
2 4 3 1
log 2 4 log 3 1 log 4 2 log 8 log log 8
4
x x
x x x x
+ +
+ + + = =

CEMATH LOGARITMOS


Pgina 8
( )( )
( )
2
2 2 2
2 4 3 1
8 6 14 4 256 4 64 2 78 252 0
4
x x
x x x x x x x
+ +
= + + = + + =

1 2
2
41
39 1521 504 39 2025 39 45
39 126 0
3 No vale 2 2 2
x
x x x
x
= +
+ = = = = =

=

Ejercicio 23
Resolver ( ) 2ln ln 16 2ln x x e + =


Solucin
( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 ln ln 16 2 ln ln 2 16 0
16 16
x x
x x e e x e x e
x x
+ = = = =
+ +


2 2
2 4 2 2 2 1
2 2 2
2 2
2
64
No vale
64 64
2
16 0
2 2
64
2
e e e
x
e e e e e e
x e x e x
e e e
x

+
=

+ +
= = = =

+ +
=

Ejercicio 24
Resolver
( )
2
log8 5 7 log3 log 24 x x + + =


Solucin
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
log8 5 7 log3 log 24 5 7 log3 log 24 log8 5 7 log3 log3 x x x x x x + + = + = + =

( )
1 2 2 2
2
3
5 25 24
5 7 log3 log3 5 7 1 5 6 0
2 2
x
x x x x x x x
x
=
+ = + = + = = =

=

Ejercicio 25
Resolver
10
log 3 2log x
x
=


Solucin

1 2 2
2 2
2
0 No vale
10 10 1000 10 1000
log 3 2log log log 100 100 0
100
x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x
=
= = = = = =

=

La solucin 0 x = no es vlida porque ln0


Ejercicio 26
Resolver la ecuacin ( ) ( )
3
3log 4 log 28 x x =


Solucin
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 3
3 3 3
3 log 4 log 28 log 4 log 28 4 28 x x x x x x = = =
2 3 3 2 2
4 16 12
64 48 12 28 12 48 36 0 4 3 0
2
x x x x x x x x x

+ = + = + = = =
CEMATH LOGARITMOS


Pgina 9
1
2
4 2
1
4 4 4 2
2
4 2 2 2
3
2
x
x
x

= =

= = =

+

= =

Ejercicio 27
Resolver ( ) ( )
1
log 5 4 log 2 log 4
2
x x + = +


Solucin
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
5 4 1
log 5 4 log2 log 4 2log 5 4 2log2 log 4 log log 4
2 4
x
x x x x x
+
+ = + + = + = +
( )
( )
2
1
2 2
2
0
5 4
4 25 16 40 4 16 25 36 0 25 36 0
36
4
25
x
x
x x x x x x x x x
x
=
+

= + + + = + + = + = =

=

La solucin
2
x no es vlida ya que
2
5 4 0 x + <



Ejercicio 28
Resolver ( ) ( ) ( ) log 2 4 log 3 1 log4 2log 8 x x x + + + =


Solucin
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2 4 3 1
log 2 4 log 3 1 log 4 2 log 8 log log 8
4
x x
x x x x
+ +
+ + + = =
( )( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
2 4 3 1
8 6 2 12 4 4 64 16 6 14 4 256 4 64
4
x x
x x x x x x x x x x
+ +
= + + + = + + + = +

2 2
39 1521 504 39 2025 39 45
2 78 252 0 39 126 0
2 2 2
x x x x x
+
+ = + = = = =

1
2
39 45 84
42
2 2
39 45 6
3
2 2
x
x
x

= = =

=

+

= = =

La solucin
1
x no es vlida porque hace algn argumento negativo.


Ejercicio 29
Indica si son verdaderas o falsas las siguientes igualdades:

a)
( )
4 4
log 4log 4log a b a b =
b)
4
2
16
log 4
a
a
| |
=
|
\

c)
2
log log log
a a a
x x x =


d)
( )
4
1
log
4
a b m n
m n
a b
+

=
+


e) Si ( )
2
log x y a = y se cumple que 8 x y + = entonces
( )
2 2
2
log 3 x y a = +
CEMATH LOGARITMOS


Pgina 10
Solucin
a)
4
4
4log 4log log
a
a b
b
= Es falso

b)
4 4
4
4 4
2 2 2 2 2
16 2 2
log log log log 4og 4
2 2
a a a a a
a a
a a a

| | | | | | | |
= = = = =
| | | |
\ \ \ \
Es verdadero

c) ( )
2
2
log log log log
a a a a
x x x x = = Es falso

d)
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) 4
1 1 1 1
log log log log
4 4 4 4
m n
a b a b a b a b m n m n
m n m n
a b a b
a b a b

+ + + +

= = + = + =
+ +

Es verdadero

e)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
log log log log log 8 log 2 3 x y x y x y x y x y a a a = + = + + = + = + = +
Es verdadero



Ejercicio 30
Resolver la ecuacin
( ) ( )
( )
log 4 log 4
2
log 3 4
x x
x
+ +
=

Solucin
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )
2
log 4 log 4
2 log 4 log 4 2log 3 4 log 4 4 log 3 4
log 3 4
x x
x x x x x x
x
+ +
= + + = + =

( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
0 No es solucion
4 4 3 4 16 9 16 24 10 24 0
24 12
10 5
x
x x x x x x x x
x
=

+ = = + =

= =

Ejercicio 31
Resolver
1 2
2 2 32
2 2 20
x y
x y
+
=

+ =

Solucin
1 2
2
2
2 2 32 2 2 64 2 2 32
2
2 2 20 2 2 20
2 2 20
y
x y x y x
x y x y
x y
+

= = =



+ = + =

+ =

Hacemos el cambio 2 y 2
x y
a b = =

( )
1 1 2 2
2 2
4 16 64
20 64 20 64 20 64 0
20 20 16 4
a b a b
a a a a a a
a b b a a b
= = =
= = + =

+ = = = =



Si
2
1
4
1
4 2 4 2 2 2
16 2 16 2 2 4
x x
y y
a x
b y
= = = =

= = = =

Si
4
2
2
2
16 2 16 2 2 4
4 2 4 2 2 2
x x
y y
a x
b y
= = = =

= = = =

Ejercicio 32
Resolver
( )
2
4 7 log5 4 log16 x x + =
CEMATH LOGARITMOS


Pgina 11
Solucin
( ) ( ) ( )
4
2 2 4 2
10
4 7 log5 4 log16 4 7 log5 log10 log16 4 7 log5 log
16
x x x x x x + = + = + =
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 4 2 2
4 7 log5 log625 4 7 log5 log5 4 7 log5 4log5 4 7 4 x x x x x x x x + = + = + = + =
1 2
2
1
4 3 0
3
x
x x
x
=
+ =

=

Ejercicio 33
Sabiendo que log 2 0, 3 = calcular el
5
log 16



Solucin
4
5
log16 log 2 4log 2 4log 2 4 0, 3 1, 2 12
log 16
10
log5 log10 log2 1 log 2 1 0, 3 0, 7 7
log
2

= = = = = = =