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Lectura 1
Lectura 1
Fuerza eléctrica
En los vértices de un triángulo equilátero de 30 cm de lado se ubican tres cargas Q1
= -10µC; Q2 = -5 µC y Q3 = 2.5 µC, según la gráfica.
Calcular la fuerza resultante en Q1.
Q1 (-)
Q2 (-) Q3 (+)
Q1 = -10 x 10-6 C
Q2 = -5 x 10-6 C
Q3 = 2.5 x 10-6 C
R = 0.3 m
Q1 (-)
Q2 (-) Q3 (+)
Por la ley del paralelogramo la fuerza resultante se calcula
Q1 (-)
α = 90°
Q2 (-) Q3 (+)
109 𝑁𝑁𝑚𝑚2
(9 𝑥𝑥 )(−10 𝑥𝑥 10−6 𝐶𝐶)(2.5 𝑥𝑥 10−6 𝐶𝐶) −0.225
𝐹𝐹31 = 𝐶𝐶 2 = 𝑁𝑁 = −2.5 𝑁𝑁
(0.3𝑚𝑚)2 0.09
Calculando F21
109 𝑁𝑁𝑚𝑚2
(9 𝑥𝑥 )(−5𝑥𝑥 10−6 𝐶𝐶)(−10 𝑥𝑥 10−6 𝐶𝐶) 0.45
𝐹𝐹21 = 𝐶𝐶 2 = 𝑁𝑁 = 5 𝑁𝑁
(0.3𝑚𝑚)2 0.09
1�
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅 = [(6.25𝑁𝑁)2 + (25𝑁𝑁)2 + 0] 2
1�
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅 = [31.25𝑁𝑁 2 ] 2 = 5.59 𝑁𝑁
Campo eléctrico
Q2= -3 µC Q4 = 5µC
Q1= + Q3= +
Q2= -
Q4 = +
b = 0.15 m
h = 0.10 m
Q1= + Q3= +
+ R
0.10 m
Q2= -
Q4 = + 0.15 m
2 2 2
𝑅𝑅 = �(0.15𝑚𝑚)2 + (0.10𝑚𝑚)2 = �0.0225𝑚𝑚2 + 0.01𝑚𝑚2 = �0.0325𝑚𝑚2 = 0.18 𝑚𝑚
109 𝑁𝑁𝑚𝑚2
𝑘𝑘𝑄𝑄3 (9 𝑥𝑥 )(4 𝑥𝑥 10−6 𝐶𝐶) 36000
𝐸𝐸3 = 2 = 𝐶𝐶 2 = = 4444444.4 𝑁𝑁/𝐶𝐶
𝑅𝑅3 (0.09𝑚𝑚)2 8.1 𝑥𝑥10−3
E1 + E3 = 6666666.644 N/C
109 𝑁𝑁𝑚𝑚2
𝑘𝑘𝑄𝑄2 (9 𝑥𝑥 )(−3 𝑥𝑥 10−6 𝐶𝐶) −27000
𝐸𝐸2 = 2 = 𝐶𝐶 2 = = −3333333.333 𝑁𝑁/𝐶𝐶
𝑅𝑅2 (0.09𝑚𝑚)2 8.1 𝑥𝑥10−3
109 𝑁𝑁𝑚𝑚2
𝑘𝑘𝑄𝑄4 (9 𝑥𝑥 )(5 𝑥𝑥 10−6 𝐶𝐶) 45000
𝐸𝐸4 = = 𝐶𝐶 2 = = 55555555.556 𝑁𝑁/𝐶𝐶
𝑅𝑅42 (0.09𝑚𝑚) 2 8.1 𝑥𝑥10−3
E4 – E2 = 8888888.889 N/C
Aplicando la ley de coseno
1�
𝐸𝐸𝑅𝑅 = [(𝐸𝐸1 + 𝐸𝐸3 )2 + (𝐸𝐸4 − 𝐸𝐸2 )2 + 2(𝐸𝐸1 + 𝐸𝐸3 )(𝐸𝐸4 − 𝐸𝐸2 ) cos 𝛼𝛼] 2
𝑎𝑎2 = 𝑏𝑏 2 + 𝑐𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
0.0162
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = = −0.99 = 171.8°
−0.162
1�
𝐸𝐸𝑅𝑅 = [(𝐸𝐸1 + 𝐸𝐸3 )2 + (𝐸𝐸4 − 𝐸𝐸2 )2 + 2(𝐸𝐸1 + 𝐸𝐸3 )(𝐸𝐸4 − 𝐸𝐸2 ) cos 𝛼𝛼] 2
1�
𝐸𝐸𝑅𝑅 = [(666666.644𝑁𝑁/𝐶𝐶)2 + (8888888.889𝑁𝑁/𝐶𝐶)2 + 1.1851 𝑥𝑥 1014 cos 171.8°] 2
2
1�
𝑁𝑁 𝑥𝑥1013 𝑁𝑁2 2
𝐸𝐸𝑅𝑅 = �4.44 𝑥𝑥 1013 2 + 7.90 14
− 1.17𝑥𝑥 10 � = (6.4 x 1012)1/2 =2529822.128
𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶 2
N/C