Instituto Politécnico Nacional

Escuela superior de ingeniería química e industrias extráctivas

DIQI

Laboratorio de Termodinámica del equilibrio Químico

Practica: VARIACION DE TEMPERATURA

Alumno: Segura Ceuleneer Diego

Gpo: 2IM41
Tabla de datos experimentales

Temperatura pH.
°C
19 2.44
29 2.34
39 2.20
49 2.03
59 1.8
69 1.71
79 1.6
89 1.24

Calculo de la concentración de iones hidrogeno Cálculo del valor de la

constante de equilibrio
[𝑯+ ] = 𝟏𝟎−𝒑𝑯 = 𝒙 𝐱𝟐
𝐊𝐚 =
𝐂−𝐱
H1=10-2.44= 0.00363 (0.00363)2
𝐾𝑎1 =0.1−0.00363 = 0.000137
H2=10-2.34=0.00457 (0.00457)2
𝐾𝑎2 =0.1−0.00457 = 0.000219
H3=10-2.20=0.00631 (0.00631)2
𝐾𝑎3 = = 0.000425
0.1−0.00631
2
H4=10-2.03=0.00933 𝐾𝑎4 =
0.00933
= 0.000961
0.1−0.00933
H5=10-1.80=0.01580 0.015802
𝐾𝑎5 =0.1−0.01580 = 0.002985
H6=10-1.71=0.01940 0.019402
𝐾𝑎6 =0.1−0.01940 = 0.004723
H7=10-1.60=0.02510 0.02512
𝐾𝑎7 =0.1−0.0251 = 0.008426
H8=10-1.24=0.05754 0.057542
𝐾𝑎8 =0.1−0.05754 = 0.07797

Para obtener ∆𝐻𝑅° , se utiliza la ecuación de Vant Hoff

La cual tiene la forma de

−∆𝐻𝑅° 1
𝐼𝑛𝐾 = [ ]+𝐶
𝑅 𝑇

La cual tiene la forma de 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏

1 −∆𝐻𝑅°
Donde 𝑦 = 𝐼𝑛𝐾𝑎, 𝑥=𝑇, 𝑚= 𝑅
Determinacion de (x,y)

𝑦 = 𝐼𝑛𝐾𝑎
𝑦1 = 𝐼𝑛(0.000137) = −8.8970
𝑦2 = 𝐼𝑛(0.000219) = −8.4267
𝑦3 = 𝐼𝑛(0.000425) = −7.7636
𝑦4 = 𝐼𝑛(0.000961) = −6.9479
𝑦5 = 𝐼𝑛(0.002985) = −5.8141
𝑦6 = 𝐼𝑛(0.004723) = −5.3553
𝑦7 = 𝐼𝑛(0.008426) = −4.7764
𝑦8 = 𝐼𝑛(0.007797) = −2.2267
Graficando
1
𝑥=
𝑇
𝑥1 = 1⁄292.15 𝐾 =0.003424
𝑥2 = 1⁄302.15 𝐾 =0.003310
𝑥3 = 1⁄312.15 𝐾 =0.003204
𝑥4 = 1⁄322.15 𝐾 =0.003104
𝑥5 = 1⁄332.15 𝐾 =0.003011
𝑥6 = 1⁄342.15 𝐾 =0.002923
𝑥7 = 1⁄352.15 𝐾 =0.002840
𝑥8 = 1⁄362.15 𝐾 =0.002761

Temperatura vs Ka
400
350 0.07797, 362.15

300
Temperatura

250
200
150 Valores Y
100
50
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
Constante de equiulibrio Ka
 1/T vs In k
0
0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.0025 0.003 0.0035 0.004
-1
-2
-3
-4
x=1/T

-5
-6
-7
-8
-9 y = -9133.3x + 21.748
R² = 0.9225
-10
In k

Haciendo la regresión lineal

y=-9133.3x+21.748

Sustituyendo

1 −∆𝐻𝑅°
𝑦 = 𝐼𝑛𝐾𝑎, 𝑥=𝑇, 𝑚= 𝑅

−∆𝐻𝑅°
𝑚= 𝑅
= -9133.3 

𝐽 𝐽
−∆𝐻𝑅° = 𝑚 ∗ 𝑅 = −9133.3 ∗ 8.314 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘 =75934.256𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘

Determinacion de la entropía y la energía libre de Gibbs

∆𝑯°𝑹
∆𝑺𝟎 = = ∆𝑮 = −𝑰𝒏𝑲𝑹𝑻
𝑻
 75934.256 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾 𝐽
∆𝑆1 = = 259.915 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∆𝐺1 = −𝐼𝑛(0.00137) (8.314 ) (292.15𝐾)
292.15 𝐾 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾
= 216103 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾

75934.256 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾 𝐽
∆𝑆2 = = 251.313 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∆𝐺2 = −𝐼𝑛(0.000219) (8.314 ) (302.15𝐾)
302.15 𝐾 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾
=21168.6 J/molK

75934.256 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾 𝐽
∆𝑆3 = = 243.262 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∆𝐺3 = −𝐼𝑛(0.000425) (8.314 ) (312.15𝐾)
312.15 𝐾 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾
= 20148.3 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾

75934.256 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾 𝐽
∆𝑆4 = = 235.711 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∆𝐺4 = −𝐼𝑛(0.000961) (8.314 ) (322.15𝐾)
322.15 𝐾 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾
=18609 J/molK

75934.256 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾 𝐽
∆𝑆5 = = 228.514 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∆𝐺5 = −𝐼𝑛(0.002985) (8.314 ) (332.15𝐾)
332.15 𝐾 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾
= 16055.8 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑘

𝐽 𝐽
75934.256 ∆𝐺6 = −𝐼𝑛(0.004723) (8.314 ) (342.15𝐾) =
∆𝑆6 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾 = 221.933 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾
342.15 𝐾 15234.1 J/molK

75934.256 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾 𝐽
∆𝑆7 = = 215.631 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∆𝐺7 = −𝐼𝑛(0.008426) (8.314 ) (352.15𝐾)
352.15 𝐾 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾
= 13984 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾

75934.256 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾 𝐽
∆𝑆8 = = 209.676 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∆𝐺8 = −𝐼𝑛(0.07787) (8.314 ) (362.15𝐾)
362.15 𝐾 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾
= 6704.63 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾