R U L E 9

E F F E C T O F F A IL U R E
T O P L E A D

S E C T IO N 1 . D e fe n s e s
a n d
D e fe n s e s
o b
je c E o n s n o t
a n d
ea d ed j
-

p l .
o b e c t io n s
n o t
p ıe a d e d
e f in a m o t io n to d is m is s
e it h o r in th e a n sw e r a r e
e d w a iv e d H o w e v ėr h i it
de e m
.
, w e r a p p e a r s fr o m
le a d i n g s o r th e e v id e n c e
th e p o n r e c o r d th a t th e

co u rt
h a s n o j u r i s d i c t i i) n o v e r th e s u b
je c t m a tte r ,

a t th e r e is a n o th e r a c t io n
th p e n d in g b e tw e e n th e

sa m e p
a r t ie s fo r t h e s a m e ・

c a u s e , o r th a t th e a c -

tio n is b a r r e d b
y a
: p ju d g m e n t
r io r o r b
y s ta tu te o f

lim it a t i o ń s , th e o u į \ s h á iıd is m i śs
.
:
.
:

th e c la im .
(2 a )

T h is am en d m e ń t lib e r a l i z e s ・
th e ru le on w a iv e r o f

P u r p o s e o f th e Rulę :' .
' " '

P ,
I . , Ħ È )ł . ・
/ Ħ .

In ev e ry a ct o n i , th e . p a r t ie s a n d t h e ir cou n sel a re

ll
:
ila b le d e fe n s e s a n d o b je c t i o n s
eoined to p re se n t a a v a

fin a ily be
'

l a id to
in o rde r th a t th e m a t tė r in iś s u e ca n

re s t in a n a p pr o p r ia t e c o n te s t b e fo r e t h e c ó u r ţ W ith o u t .

d ţ o a litig a t io n b e c a u s e
th e
th e r u le , th e r e w i ll be n o e n ,

te w ddi « " -

d is s a t i s fie d .
Iitig a n t m a y s im l r a is e
p y
ï o r a

tio n a l is s u d e fe a t o r d e la y th e
in der ţ o p rev
e n t ,
-

e s o r ,

ju d g -

im fin a l a n d e x e cu to ry
lr e a d y
・

p le m e n t a t i o n f
'

o a n a
e r is e to
l it i g a t io n
ca n g iv
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nı T he
en t .
e n d le ssn ė ss of
t r ib u t e ţ o
d s u r e ly c o n
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ad d ed c ca n
o s ts fo r t h e p a r ti e s ,
a n
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th e f co u rt do ck e ts .

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t h a t de f
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m o t io n
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ra i
d w a iv e
d .

de e m e

io n o v e r th
e s u Tq e c t m j a tt e r
r i s d ic t
.

k ofj u
(1 ) L a c a c t io n b e tw e e n th e Ban e
th e r
o f a n o
(2 ) p e n d
e n cy
e ca u s e
.

fo r th e s a m
r t ie s
pa
en t
ju d g m
.

or
(3 ) B a r b y p ri

f lim it a t io n s .

S ta tu te o
(4 )
fr o m th e p le a d in g s o r th e
ds a p p e a r
If th ese g ro u n
d , th e co u rt sh a ll d is m is s th e c l a im .

e v id e n c e o n re co r
f t r ia l c o u r t t o d is m is s a c a s e
N o t a b ly ,
th e a u th o r i w o a

is lim it e d to th e s e fo u r in s t a n c e s . A co u rt
m o tu p m p -

m ay n ot d is m is s a ca se d o n a n y o t h e r g r o u n ds ,
b a se

v o lv e s n o n c o m p lia n c e w it h a c o n d itio n
'

if it in
・
-

ev en
3

p r e c e de n ť o r th e r u le s o n fo r u m s h o p p in g , u n le s s * is
r a is e d b y th e p a r t y in h is p le a d in g s .

'

T he fo m er ru le lim ite d th e e x c e p t io n s t o fa ilu r e to

s ta te a ca u śe o f a c t io n a n d la c k o f ju r is d i c t io n o v e r the
su trje c t m a tte r .

T he w a iv e r u n de r t h is b le
s e c t io n is n ot i rr e v o c a
a n d re lie f m ay be b ta in
o e d fr o m th e c o n s e q u e n ces
of
s u c h w a iv e r
by a n a m dm e
f th a n s w e r w ith le a v
e n en t o e
o f c o u r t in a cco r da n c e w it h S e c t io n
,
s 3 a n d 5 of R u le 10 .

A m o t io n to d is m is s fo r fa of
a c t io n i lu r e to s t a te a ca u se
m ay be m a de a f te r t h
a t a n y sta f th e
e a n sw e r ha s b e e n filed, o f

g e o
p ro ce e d in g s w hen th e m o t io n
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þa s to s ta te a c a u se o f a c t io n
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e fa
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c u r

L a c k o fju r is d ic t io n o v e r th e s u b
je c t m a tte r .

The ju r is d i c t io n o f a co u rt ov er th e su b je c t m a tte r

th e a c t io n is a m a 忱 e r of la w a n d m a y n oţ b e co n
of
-

fe r r ed b y c o n s e n t o r a g r e e m e n t o f t h e p a r t ie s T h e l a c k .

o f a c o u r t M a y b e r a is e d a t a n y s t a g e o f
r i s d ic t io n
o f ju
.

c e e d in g s , e v e n o n a
p p e a l T h is D o c t r in e h o w -

th e p r o
.
. ,

ev e r ,
h a s b e e n q u a l if ie d b y s o m e p r o n o u n c e m e n t s ,

t h e r u lin g in T ıja m
ch s t e m m e d P
r i n c i p a ll y f r o m v .

w hi
h e ld th
Ö
In th a t th e co u r Ł a t th e d e -

h a ıT \ ca se
S ib o n g ,

r i s d ic t i o n o v e r th e b je c t m a tte r m a y
fe n se o f la c k o f ju su

be c o n s id e r e d ba rre d þy e s to p p el b y ta ch e s ,
s o th at a

n n o t in v o k e th e ju r is d ic t i o n o f a c o u r t to se cu r e
p a r ty c a ft e r o b
lie f a g a in s t M s o p p o n en t a n d, a
-

a fï ir m a t iv e re .

b t a i n s u c h r e lie f r e
p u d ia t e o r
fa g to o ,
ta in in or ili n
g
d ic t i o n fo r Th e f ir s t t im e on
th a t sa m
q ju r is
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q u e s t io n d ru l -

u e s t io n e
app e a lor a lm o st fifte e n y E a r s a fte r t h e q
.

g "

Ches A g a in s t t h
e p e li
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t b e t a k e n
how
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ev e r , c a n n o
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r t a fte r
i o n in c o u
ţ io n ers w ho im m e d ia t e ly file
d a p e t it
ov er ,
n c e ll ed M ore
e ir t it le h a d
bee c a
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n
learning th a t th
d ic t io n t o a t
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-

e sto l do e s t a p p ly ţ o c o
n fe r u r i s
j
th e c o u r ť
p p e n o s
,

i n I t i s
se o f a ct
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n a l th a t ė over a ca u
has o u r is d i
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j
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ic h it h a s n
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w e ,
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s to p p e l
u e d a s a n e of
b e ec o n s t ir
fe n s e
su ch d e
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c o u r t it
s e l f c l e a r ly
h a s n o u r i s d ie j -

(2 ) w n e r e th e
o r th ė n a tu re
h e su e c t m a tte r u of
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tio n o
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on e a t a n y t
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be
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d
o v io la t e o r d is r e g a r d t at h
n or t h e p a r t ie s t

r u le le t a lo n e c o n fe r t h a t u r is ic t i o n , th is j d
,

m a tte r b e in g le g i s l a t iv e in c h a r a c te r . B a r r in
g
h ig h ly m e r it o r i o u s a n d e x c e p t io n a l c ir c u m -

s ta n c e s ,
s u c h a s h e r e in b e fo r e e x e in p lifie d , n e i
-

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th e r e s to p p e l n o r w a iv e r s h a ll a p p ly .

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er ru w a s a ls o h e l d th a t, e v ė ń if
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.
o
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m o ti o n to
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-

P la in t o r e v id e n ce sho w s
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th e a c tio n
t h a t th e a c t io n h a d p r e s c r ib e d ,
s h a ll b e d is m '
"
is s e d
ı 0 Ð C U .

th o u h t
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-

w a iv e r
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p p ly w h en
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sh o w s th a t th e ・

c a u se
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dence o f a c t io n is a lr e a d
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Yt
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w a s r e it e r a t e
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r u lin g s to th e c o n tr a r
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er a p p l
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lo n g

sE C T IO N .
Z . C o m p u ls o r y c o u n te r c la im , o r

-
c la łm ,
n o t s e t u p b a r re ď -
A c o m p u ls o r y
s s
c ru
t e r c la im o r a c r o s s
-
c la im , n o t s e t u p s h a ll b e
co u n
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ba rr e d
4a .
( )

d i s c tis s io n a ls o u n d e r S e c t io n s 7 a n d 8 of R u le 6
See
.

e m e n ts s h o u ld b e
C n s a t io n fo r im p r o v
o m p e
a n e je c t
-

ıs o r c o u n t e r c l a im in
d a s c o m p u y
p le a d e

m e n t s u it .

d e fe n d a n t w a s fo u n d
f th e
In a n a c t io n o e e cţ mj en ţ ,

d ju d g m e n t w a s ren
-

ţo be in b a d fa it h , a n
a p o ss
e sso r
o s s e s s io n o f th e
l a i n t ift fo r t h
e p
de r e d in fa v o r o f t h e p to
ht an a c t io n
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s h o u ld h a v e b e e n e se n te
p r
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b een o th e r w is e h
h e r c la im d Iţ n a ig hţ b av
w a s ba rre .

th e b e e n g o
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a p o s s e s s o r in

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C la im fo r a t
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to r n e '

y s fe e s . .

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W h e n a m e n d e d į er ls p ro p e r . ,
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A n a m e n d e d a n sw e r is p ro p e r if t h e c o u n t e r c l a im

ro s s
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c la im a lr e a d y e x is t e d a t th e t im e th e o r i g in a l
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le c t , it w
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sab le n ėg a s n ot se t u
p
ex cu
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2o
Thu s ,
in L e d e sm a v M o r a le s, th e C o u r t r u le d t h a t

a r ty m a y se t u p a c o u n t e r c l a im in a n a m en d ed
th e p

a n sw
e r fi le d b e f o r e u d g m e n t, j prov id e d t h a t h is fa ilu r e

e th e c o u n t e r c l a im in th e o r ig i n a l a ńs w er w a s
to in c l u d
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r s ig ht in a d v e r te n c e o r ex cu sa b le n e g le c t
du e t o o v e
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b e lib e r a l i n th e a d m is s i o n e s
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ld
C o u rts s h o u
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c o u n t e r c l a im s h ic h m ay b e b a iT e d u n le s s
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sw e r m u s t b e f i le d \ it h .

m a y b e a l eg e d l in
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C o m p
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tio n a l d e fe c t , if a n y ,
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the
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ju r is d ic t i o n c a n be s u s t a in e d if
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ba se d u p o n t h e d a m a g es

a lle g e d ly su ffe r e d b y th e d e fe n da n t in c o n s e q u e n c e of

th e filin g .
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ee . Su ch r e c e p t io n o f e v id e
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th ere o
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sh o
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th a t h e h a s a m e r it o r io u s d e fe n s e In su c h
an d
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ca se ,
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te f m s a n d c o n d it io n s a s th e
ju d g e m a y im p o se in

th e in t e r
e s t o f ju s t ic e .
(3 a , R 18)

E ffe c t o f a r tia l d e fa u lt L W h e n a p le a
d
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-
,
.

a c la im s ta te s a c o m m o n c a u se o f
in a s s e r t in g
g
s e v e r a l d e fe n d in g p a
r t ie s s o m e o f
a c t io n a g a in s t ,

Th e o th e r s f a il to d o s o th e
a n sw e r a n d ,
w h o m
.

a ll u p o n th e a n -

t ry th e c a se a g a in s t
co u r t s h a ll
u p o n th e
sw e r s th u s Ħ le d a n d r e n d e r ju d g m e n t

r e s e n te d (4 a , R 18 )
e v id e n c e p
a w a rd ed
-
h ju d g
r to b e .

E o f r e lie
(d ) x te n t
d e f a u lt s h a
ll n o t
a r ty in
m e n t r e n d e r e d a g a in s t a p
in k in d fr o m
o r b e d if f e r e n t
ex c e e d th e a m o u n t
te d d a m a g e s .

a w a r d u n liq u id a
th a t p r a y e d fo r n o r
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th d e
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g p a r ty
th e
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t ig a t e
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r e n d e r in g
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in t h e t r ia l .

m o t io n u n d e r o a th to s e t a s id e ,

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o f d e fa u lt a t t in y t im e a f te r n o t ic e
th e o rd e r
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(n o t d is c o v e r y ) th e r e o f a n d b e fo r e ju d g m en t
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a co m m o n ca of
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a c t io n a g a in s t sev e ra l d e fe n d a n ts ,
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w h om a n sw e r a n d th e o th e r s d o n o t b u t th e
-

a n sw e r l
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co m m o n d e fe n s ë a
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rend e r j d g
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w h o w ere n ot d e c la r e d in d e f a u lt s h o ū 1d
-

bè
c o n s id e r
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d e fa u lt e d
d oes n ot of
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p ly w e r e t h e d e fe n s e s h
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 E FFECT O F F A IL U ItE
9 T O P LE AD
F ı
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(マ) N
o u n liq u id a t e d d a m a g e s m a y b e aw a rd e d In
e v e n t th e
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th e co u r t , m o t u p r o ııo
p o r o n m o t io n .

o f th e c l a im a n ţ j o r ders th e su b m is s io n o f ev i -

de n ce , u n liq u id a t e d d a m a g e s m a y b e a w ard e d
o n t h e b a s is o f s u c h e v id e n c e 2 6

As in th e fo r m e r R u le 1 8 S e c t io n th
, 6 , e ju d g m en t
t in d e f a u lt s h a ll n o ţ
in s t a p a r y ex cee d th e a m o u n t
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y
of b
.

e q u is it e s b e fo r e a
R p a rt y m a y b e d e c ıa r e d In

d e fa u lt .

(1 ) Th e co u r t h a s v alidy a c q u ir e d ju r is d ic t io n

o f th e d e fe n d in g p a r ty e it h e r
.
ov er th e p erso n ,

pe a r
・

by of o r v o lu n t a r y a p
-

s e r v ic e su m m o n s
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å :i
ĵ \ . ï ￡ ,
şį .
.

a n ce '

(2 ) n ie e fe n d in g p a r ty
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w it h i뇨 th e t im e a llo w e d th e r e fo r e

a s k in g th e
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th a t tb e d e -

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a n sw e r b eca u se t
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s o f th e c
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d e f a u lt s a
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W h ere n o

a c t io n fo r a n n u lm e n t o r d e c la r a t io n of
(1 ) fn an

n u llit y o f m a r r ia g e .

In a n a c t io n fo r le g a l s e p a r a t io n .

If th e d e fe n d a n t in th e s e ca se s fa i ls to f ile a n an -

sw er, th e c o u r t s h a ll o r der th e p r o s e c u t in g a tto r n e y to

in v e s t ig a te w h e th er or n ot a co llu s io n b e tw e e n th e p a r
-

tie s e x is t s , d if th e r e llu
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te d is n o t f a b r ic a t e d .

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p a r ty c la r e d in d e f a u lt .

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n t in d e fa u lt m a y t a n y t im e al
ţ e r d is c o v , a
e ry t here o f fue
a m o ti
a n d b e f o r e ju d g m e n t,
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 E F FE C T O F F A IL U R E
9 TO P LEAD
R u le Sec a .

ex cu s a b le n e g li e n c e
g , a n d th a t h e h a s a m eū -

to r i o u s d e f e n s e (S e c 3 R .
u le 1 8 [n
, ow S e c . 3 (b ),
R u le 9 ])

(D If th e ju d g n ıe n t h a s a lr e a d
y bee n re n d e re d

w h en .
Th e d e fe n d a n t d is c o v e r e d th e d e fa u lt
'

bu t b e fo re th e s a m e h a s b e co m e f ın a l

ex e c u to ry ,
h e m a y f il e a m o t io n fo r n e w al

u n de r Se c t io n 1 (a ) o f R u le 3 7

If th e d e fe n dan t d is c o v
d th e d e f a u l t a f t e r e re

t h e ju d g m e n t h a s b e c o m e fi n a l a n d e x e c u t o r y ,

h e m a y file a p e t it i o n fo r r e l i e f u n d e r S e c t i o n 2
[ n ow S e c t io n 1 ] o f R u le 3 8 ; a n d
th e ju d g m en t ren -

a p p e aL fr o m
H e m a y a ls o
a s co n tr a ry to th e ev id e n ce
de r e d a g a in s t h i m
n to set a s id e
th e l a ev e n if n o p e t it io
・

or ţ o ,

h p re s
e n te d b y h im
tb e or d e r o f d e fa u lt a s b een

(S e c 2 , R .
u le 4 1 ) .

fo r c er E o ï a r i to
d e c la r e t h e
it i o n
MOreoeri a p eţ th e
a v a ila b le if
b y d e fa u lt is a l
so
lliw of a ju dgm e n t
i n d e fa u l
nu t o r
,
a red a p a
r ty
tń a l co u r t im p r o p e r l y d e c l d e -

d a r t y in
r o p e r ly d
e c la r e a p
ev e n if th e t r ia l c o u r t p su ch de c
la r a -

e n d e d
s c r e t io n
a tt
fa u lt, if g r a v e a b u s e o f d i
tio n
°

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