MBA -

.
(Forbes) ,

. .
; ; . . .

(Ross Business School) ,

, .
.
.
 ? 50,000 . ,
. 2010- ,
.
.
,
. .

.
,
. ,
. 32
. .
2011. , ,
, , . , 625
,
125
. 30
. , .
' ’
.
' ' ,
.
. 2004
Five Point Someone,
One Night @ The Call Center,
The 3 Mistakes of My Life,
2 States,
Revoluion 2020
.

.
3 ( )
. , ,

.
,
. ,
 . , ,
,
.
, . . , , , ,
... ;
; .
, . ?
. .ஏ. .

.
2012
,
, , , ,
. . . . . , ,
. . . ,
. .ஏ. .
, 40 . . . . .ஏ. .
. .ஏ.
, ,
,
.
. .ஏ.
, . .ஏ.
ஏ . ?

. .ஏ.
.' ,
. .ஏ. .
,
, -
. .ஏ. . . .ஏ.
; .'
 ,
, .

. . .ஏ. (Way 2
Wealth)
. .'
,
,
. ,

.'
. .ஏ.
. ,
. .ஏ. ,
,
, , ஏ , ,
. . . . . ,

.
. ,
. .ஏ. .
, ; ,
, , ...
( )
: . .

MBA -
'' . .ஏ. .ஏ.
. . .ஏ. ,
.ஏ. !
, ,

. .ஏ.
. .ஏ.,
. ., . .,
.

.( )

.
. ..?
,
.
; ;
; .
. , !
? ,
.
.
. .
.
 .
. ,
, .
.
. ,
. . , .
,
. , , ,
.
? , ,
, .
. .
. , , , .
, , . , , ,ஏ
. .
.
?
. .
. .
, .
. .
? , .
?
.
. . , ,
, . . .
?
.
.
, ,
. ?
.

, ,
, . ,
, , .
.
,'
, .'
 ?
? ,
.
. , ,
, (Production)
,

(Marketing).
,
(Finance Management).

, . (Personal Management)
,
.

, ,
? . ,

.
, , , ,

. .
?
 , . ;
. ;
.
.
. .
, ,
. ,
.
.
, , , ,
,
. ,
. .ஏ. , ,
, , , ,
, , ,
.

.
:
(Personnel Management)
(Marketing Management)
(Manufacturing Management)
(Finance Management)
, (Computer & Information Systems Management)
, . .ஏ. .
?
, ,
,
ஏ
.
,
, .
.

MBA -

!
 ?
, ,
(Oven),
.ஏ ?
;
;
.
. 18
.

. .
.

, ?
. . ,
.
. , . ,
.
,
.
.
.
?
, , ,
, , .
?
 . ,
.

.
; ,
.
.
. ?

. . ,
. .
.
,
.

.
(Division of Labour).
, , , , ,
.
. , ,
.
.
 . ,ஏ
.
. ,
. ,
.

.
.
, , , ,
.
,
. -
.
. .
.
,
,
.
.
.
...
. ,
. , ,
. ?
. 1755-
. ,
; ஏ
.
 .
,
.
, .
, ,
. ,
. .
.
. .
. .

. .
, , .
. .
18, 19-
. .

. ,
.
. , .
1901-
.
.
 .
(Personnel Department) .
1903. . .
. ?

MBA -

!
1903-

, ,

. -
(Division of Labour) .
1776- -
- (An
Enquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of
nations) ,

.
.
. .
 ;
; ;
; ;
.
.
,
. .
,
10X20=200.

. :
:
: .

.
?
4,000 ? . ,
48,000 .
, ? .
.
, 240
.
.
. , .

.
.
.
.

. ,
.
. ,
.

,
.
.
,
 , ,
, ,
. , .
, , .
. 1854- (David McCallum)
(Erie Railroad) .
,
, ,
, ஏ
. .
.
, !
; . 1876,
. ,
,
, ,
!
, , -
, .
.ஏ ,
.
?
, , , ,
.
,
.
,
,
;
.
,
. ,
. .
,
.
1799, 1800- ,
. ,
; , .
 ,

. ,

. , .

,
.
.
. 1850-
.
. 1868-
.
1904- .
1901. .
,
.
.
, 1908-
. , !
.
.

MBA -
 !
1903- .
. ,
. 500
.
500 . 500 ?
.
.

, . , .
, .
.
. ,
, .
 .
,

. , .
. (Chassis)
,
. .
.
, .
,
180 , 93
. ; .
.

,
. ,
.
, .
.
126 .
. .
180 .
, .
1908- . ( )
500 ,
. .
15 ,
 . ,
. . .
, .
.
.

.
? ,
, , :
, .
,
. (Frederick Taylor).
, ,
. ,
.
, (Time and Motion Study)
1911- . .
(Industrial Engineering)
.
.
. .
. ,
. ,
ஏ . ,

.(
. , !)
, 202
. , . 202
, ,
. , !

, , .
.
.
.
 . . 1914-
.
, ,
ஏ
.
· ;
,
.
·
ஏ .
.

,
.
1914 1918-
.
.
. .
?
.

. ,
.

.ஏ . ,
.

MBA -
 !

. .
,
.
- (Kotoku-in) 44
. , ,
. .
, .
1,380 (Lourdes).

. 152
20 .
;
,
, .
, .
(Dr. James Esdaile
. 1845 , , ,
, 346
.
. , ,
. ,
 .
.
, !
. ,
, ,
. 999
. ,

:
.
.
,
(Presbyterian Cardiovascular Institute) (Dr.
Mehmet Oz) . ,
, ,'
’ . ,'
’ (Say Om before surgery)
.
,
.
?
, ,
.
.
. .
?
.
.
. .
. , .
- , ? .
. ,
.
.
, , . ,
.
 , ,
, . .
.

1890-
(Principles of Psychology) .
,
:
.
, .ஏ ?
.
.
.ஏ ?
, , .
?
' ’ , ,
ஏ , ?
, ,
,ஏ ?
.
, ,
. ,
, . ,
,
.
.
ஏ ?
 .
.
, (Hawthorne) ,
.
, .
,
,
. (Elton Mayo)

. . 1927-
1933- The Human Problems of an
Industrialized Civilization .

, !
, , ,
!ஏ ?
? ,
.
ஏ .

.
,
.
,
, ,
. , ,
, ,
, , ,
ஏ .
,
.
. (Human Resource Management – . .)

.
.
MBA -

!
. .ஏ.
?

(1909-2005). ஏ ?

.
,
. , 30- The End of Economic man
.
,'
, ''
. , , , . . ,
,
. .
, .
. ,
.
30- 95 .
41 . .
,
 . Practice of Management
.
1939- The End of Economic man ,
, ,
. ,
, . 1980- , ,
, - .
(Information Revolution)
.
, , ,
, . . ., , ,
, . . . ,
, , , , , , , ,
,
. ,
(Knowledge Workers) !
,
.
, , ,
, . .
. ;
; ; ;
!
, ,
?
? ,
, .
, , ,
.
, , ,

. ,
.
.
. , ,
.
, ,
.
. , ,
 .
, .
, ,
,
.

? , !
.

. ,
. , .
, .
, ? ,

.
. , ,
.
, .

,
- ( t t s).
? ,
. ,ஏ
.
. 100 .
110 , , 10
. ? 110
.( , !)
ஏ
. 110 .
ஏ , ,
.

. . ,
10% ஏ . 10
. , 20
. ,
, 10 .
.
,
. ஏ
.

.
. ,
,
.
, .

MBA -
 !
. ,
.
. ,
. .
,
.

(Abraham Maslow). ,
, .
, .
. , .
.
. , .
.
,
.
. .
1954- (Hierarchy of needs)
. ? .
? ,
.
1 - ( , ,
).
2- ( , ).
3- ( , ).
4- , ( , ).
5- ( ,
).
.
.
1- .
ஏ ,
.
1. ; ;
; .
. ?
. ? .
, . ,
ஏ , .
2- .

,
? ,
ஏ ,
 . ; .
.
;
.
? .
? .
,
?

.
, ,
, . ., , ஏ. . .
,
. . ,
. ,
.
, .
,
. , .
.
. .
,
. . ,
.
.

?
,
.
,

. ,

,
.
,
,
,
 .
.
, (Human Resource Management –
H.R.)
. ,
,
. ,
;
.
? !
, ..? ? , . . .ஏ.
. ? ,
.
.
.
' , ஏ .
? . .ஏ. ?'
?
, , . ஏ . . .ஏ.
, , ,
.
.
,

.
!

MBA -
 !
1903- ,
1.
. , ;
. , .
, , ஏ ,
, . ,
. ,
. , ,
. , .
, ?
. .

. ,
; .
.
, .
.
.
 ஏ .
. ,
(Saan) .' ’ ' ’
.
. ,
,
; .
,
. ?
.
'' ,

.
.

,
.
.
. .
.
,

. .
. .
,
,
, .
 , ,
;
.

.
, .
, ,
.
.

? ? ,
,
.''

, ?
,
.
,
? (Job Description)
.
,
, .
ஏ
. ,
, .
, ,
.
. . ,
, .
.

. , .

.
 ஏ
. ஏ
. .
,
. ,
.
.
. , , .

. .
, .

. ,

.
,
.
, Made in Japan .
Shu Shin Luh the Sony way. Secrets of the
world’s most innovative electronics giant.

, , ,
(Kiichiro Toyoda).
..!

MBA -
 , , !

,
. ,
(Toyota Production System). TPS.
, . . . .
, .
.
. . .- ,
?
. . .- . :
1. (Kaizen)
2. .
' ’
. , , ,
. , , ?
?
 , ஏ , .
. ஏ
,
.

, .
,
ஏ .
, , , , ஏ .
:
( ).
/ .

.
.
.
. .
. . - . ,

. , . . .-
.
 .
.
.
. . . .
.
. . . .
.

?
.
, .
What?
- ?
- ?
- ?
Where?
- ?
Wh0?
- ?
- ?
When?
- ?
Why?
-ஏ ? ?
5 W- How? ,
!
?
.
.
 , ' ஏ ?

?'
? 'ஏ ,
? , ?
.'
,
,

. .
!
, ?

. . .
. 1964- (Katsuaki Watanbe)
.
ஏ
.
?
. .
?
.
, ,
. ,
, ஏ ,
.
, . ..ஏ. . . .
. ,
. . . . , ? . . .
. -5
.

MBA -
 !
. ,
.
, !
, , ; ,
, . 1939- 1945
.
6, 1945, 8.15 .
. .
. 90,000
. .
70,000 . , 70,000
.
(Little
Boy).
 . . 9. 11.02.
(Fat Boy)
. 40,000 . 30,000
.
15. ,'
.' ,
. , ,
. ,
.
.
, ஏ
.
. . ,
,
.
(MacArthur)
.
,
. ,
.
.
.
(Homer Sarasohn).
.
.
.
.

29 .
. ?
.
 . , ,
.
.
. , .
.
.
, ?
?
.
(Edwards Deming).
1950- , .
. .
Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers (JUSE)
30 .
20,000 ,
. ,
.
ஏ . .ஏ.?
, . .ஏ.
,
. . . .
'' . .ஏ. .
.
.
. .ஏ. .
,
,

.
.''
.
1. ( Inspection) , 2. (Quality Control) , 3.
(Quality Assurance) , 4. (Total Quality
Management) .

, ,
.
ஏ ?
 . ,
,
. ,
, .
?
14 .( !)

. ,
!
( )
: . , . .

1. / , ,
,
.
2. ஏ , , ,
ஏ .
3. .
4. .
. ,
.
5. .
/ .
; ,
.
6. .
.

.
7. . ,
.
, . ,
, ,
.
8. , .
.
.
9.
. /
, , ,
.
10. ,
, , ,
, .
11. .
.
12. ,
.
13. .
,
.
14.
.

MBA -
 !
. . - , 103
259 . 86-
,
. ,
22-
.
, 85
. 15
.
.
.'
; 85
; 15 '.
ஏ .
.
(JUSE) ,
.
.
1950.
.
. . ,
.

1954- , (Showa Denko) (Nippon

Kogaku), (Noritake), (Takeda
Pharmaceutical Company) .
. (Hakone),
(Waseda), (Osaka), (Koyasan)
. ,
.
:
80 20 .
100 ? 50
ஏ ? 50
. 10
, 80 .( 80:20
!)
,
.
, (Quality Planning),
(Quality Control), (Quality Improvement)
. .
 , ,
; .
(Kaoru Ishikawa) 1962-
(Quality Circles) .
, ;
.
ஏ ? , ,
.
. .
.

.
.( .
, , . . .
.)
 (Cause and Effect Diagram) ( , .)
,
.
1. (Methods)
2. (Machinery)
3. (Management)
4. (Materials)
5. (Manpower)
5 - .
ஏ .ஏ , , , ,
, ஏ
.
 , (Fish
Bone Diagram) . ,
(Ishikawa Diagram) .
. ,
,
, ,
. . 1960
.
1960- .

MBA -

, !
, ,
 .
,
.
ஏ
. , , -

, ?
.
. ,
, , . 1960.
. - (Douglas McGregor)
, (Theory X, Theory
Y).
, , . ,
?
; ,
. X: Y.
X, Y
.
.

X !
1. .
.
2. .

.
3. ,

.
Y !
1.
.
2.
.
3.
.
4. .
ஏ .
5.
.

? .
.
.
. .
.
, -
,
X, Y
!
'X, Y
' . ,
,
. 1960- . -
. ?
. . . .
,
. . , ,
. ?
, ?
:
 ' ,
.
,
!''
'
.
,
.'
' ,

, .
. . .
.'
'
,
.'
'
. ,
?
. .'
? , ,
, ,
. ,
. .
, ?
.

.
. 1.
. 2. 20
.
3. - pdf word document attachment .
- : mba@vikatan.com
, , , ,
,
. 17- .
500 . ,
! !
MBA -

- 4P..!

. ? ,
, ,
, .

.
.
,
. :
1) , 2) , 3) , 4)
, 5) , 6) .
 . ,
. ,
. , ,
. .
.
.
, . ,
, .
. ,
. (Sales). .
. , , .
,
.
?
. , .
.
? .
' . .
. , .' .
, ,
. 18-
, , 19-

, , .
.
, , ,
. ,
. .
.
ஏ
.
.
( . . 6000 . . 4000 ) .
(Hieroglyph) . , , ,
. .
500 . (Papyrus)
.
 ( )
.

, ;
. 3000
, 5000
.

3000 , (Pompeii)
.
, ஏ !
. ,
.
, , . 1439-
(Johannes Gutenberg) .
. 1605- ,
(Johann Carolus)
Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien- .
(1610), (1621), (1631),
(1634), (1636), (1645)
.
1631- , (Theophraste Renaudot)
, (La Gazette de France)
. 1704- ,
(Boston Globe).
; ; .
, . .
? ,
,
 . .
ஏ .
. ,
,
. .
, , ,
ஏ . .
.
. ,
130 , .

.
,
.
1922 - .
1941 - .
1994 - .

. ,
. ? ,
.
.
. ,
.
, ,
. , .
,
, .
, .
,
ஏ . ,
, ...
.
. - ,
, , , . ,
1960- 4 -
(Edmund Jerome McCarthy) .
4 P- :
1. Product ( )
2. Price ( )
3. Promotion ( - )
4. Physical Distribution ( )
52 . , , 4 P- !
( )
: . .
!
. .
. . .ஏ.
. , . .ஏ.
. .ஏ. ? ,
. .ஏ. . .ஏ. ? ,
- ,
. .ஏ. ஏ ?
- , .
''1. . .ஏ. ,
. .ஏ. .
.
, . .ஏ. .
2. ,
. .ஏ. .ஏ
. .ஏ. !
3. . ,

. , . .ஏ.
, .''

MBA -

.
,
. - ,
, .

www.vikatan.com- , .
 , ,
,4 .
. ,
.
1. .
.
.ஏ ,
, . ,ஏ
,
.ஏ ?

2. . ,
, .
,
.
ஏ .
, ஏ ,
,
. ,
. ? ?
3. , , .
; . 1961-
.
. ,
. ,
ஏ .

; .
. . ,
. . .
,' ஏ
. , .
. .'
.
?

! ,
.
1. . , G-
. .
, 8, 9, 10 .
 7- .
2. ஏ , .
.
3. :' ,
. .'
.
, .
.ஏ ?
. ,
. ,
ஏ . , ,
. ,
. ,
, ,ஏ ,
. ,
, ;
.

, , (Logical) ,
,
(Lateral thinking) .
(Malta)
(Edward de Bono) 1967-
.
? ஏ
.
. ,
.ஏ ?
 , .
;
.
. , ,
, .
, , ,
. , ,
. ,
, ,
.
. ,
.

.
:
1900 .

( ) .
 (Richard Branson)
, .
(Records) .
.
.
/ ,
. ஏ ,
, ...
(Ingvar kamprad)
. ,
,
.
Foldable Furniture ,
. ,
, .

. (lkea)
.
!
1950 . . .
.
 . .
,
.
1976- ,
. , ,
.
!
!
1959- 1.
13 . ,
.
. 1,000
.
!

. , 100 40 .
.

. .
.
,
.
:
1. Lateral Thinking
2. De Bono’s Thinking Course
3. How to have creative ideas: 62 Games to develop the mind
.
.
.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eoUjYhxQmDc
( )

MBA -
. . .
' , , .'
,
.ஏ
, '
 ’ (SWOT Analysis) . SWOT
. .
, . , .
, . ,
.
(Albert Humphrey)
.
' ’.
1949 10 , 20
. , (Long-range
Planning) . .
?

1. ,
.
2. ,
.
3. . ஏ
.
4. , ,
, .
1949-
. ஏ ! , ;
, .ஏ ?ஏ ?ஏ ?
. . ,
,
, ,
-

. .
 .
1,100 .
5,000 ,
. ,
.
. 1970- ,
.
,

.
.
' ’ .
; ;
;

' ’ ஏ .
, ,

' ’- .
' ’ ?
.
.
 .
.
. ? ' ’
!
!
,
.
, .
,
. !
15 . 5 .
!
ஏ
. ,
. ,
!
!
?
? ?
, ?
.
?
, , ,
.
.
, ,
' ’ . ?
. . . .20,000 . ,
. .ஏ. . ' ’
?
!
1. .
2. ,
.
3. /
.
: ,
.
, .
 !
1. .
2. .
3. ,
: .
Conversational English .
Public Speaking .
.

!
1. . .ஏ. 70,000 .
2. , .
:

!
. .ஏ. ?
: . ?
ஏ ?' ’
.ஏ ? .
( )
: . .

!
!
.
? .

. 500
.
30 . 80
. .
' ஏ
. :
1. .
2. , .
3. '' .
:
1. .
2. , , , ,
.
3. 60 .
4. .
.
5. , 12 .
?
, . 100
pdf word document attachment – .
:mba@vikatan.com :
08.12.2012

MBA -
: . .
:
?
,
. , ஏ ஏ ,
.
.
?
,
!
? .
, , ,
. , ,
, .
' ', ' ', '
. , '-
.
 ,
.
, ,

.
' ’ ;' ’
;' ’
-
. ,
,

(Images) .
,

.
,
,
/ /
 .
,
,
.
. .
?
. .
ஏ
. ,
. .

(Comptometers) .
.
.
1940- (Tabulator) .
.
.
.
1960 , .
.
, ,
, . ,

.
1970 ,
,
,

(Deloitte & Touche),

,
Mentoring .
?

.
, ,
(Iliad). . . 800
. , (Odysseus).
(Troy) .
. ஏ ,
ஏ ? , ,
? (Mentor)
.
-
.
. ,
? ,
.
.
. ,
,
,ஏ
ஏ
.
, , , , ,
.
, ,
.
?
(Jack Canfield). .
1 . Chicken Soup for the soul

200 40 , 12
. www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEPtqx90grI.
.
( )
MBA -
. . .
360 !

(Performance Appraisal)
, .
.
.
, , , .
?
' .
?'
' . .'
' . '
' . .'
, . §
. . §
.
 ?
.
, .
,' .ஏ
?' .
?
, . 1947-
(Time and motion study)
.
,
= 9,00
= 1,000
= 1,050
= 1,100
,
.
§ , ,
§ . ? !
,
, .
 , ? ,
?
. , ?

?
§ ; .
?
;
. .

?
, ,
,
.

?
ஏ

:
, ,

.
(Bayer) ,
,

.
(Agilent Technologies) . , ,
.
,
,
.
 , .
ஏ ,
. , , .
, , ,
.
. ,
, ,
,
,
.

. .
, .
1973-
. - 360 (360 Degree Assessment).

360 . ? !
, , . .
.
?

ஏ .
. , ,'
' .
,' . ' .
, ,
.
, .
,
.
.
 .
. .
.
. , ,
. .
.
. , , .
. ?

MBA -

,
.
 ,
360 .
. ,
,
.
360 .
.
. .
. , ,
.
.
.
. , , . .
..?

.
,
. , , ,
.
, .
?
.
.
, .
?
 .
.
?
,
.
.
, 360
?
, , , , ,
, ,

. .

.
,
.
360
?
( )

.
360 , ,ஏ
, , . . .,
.
 .
,
,
. ,
.
1. - 36. . .
; . ,
.
2. - . 42. 2.
.
. , .
3. - . 50. .
. .
.
4. - 27. . .ஏ. .
.
 ,ஏ ? 100
pdf word document attachment- 29-
. : mba@vikatan.com.
3 .
MBA -

2012.

. 2008- 7,208 . ,
. 2011- 4,984
.
,
. .
;
.
. . . . ,
. . . .
16, 2012. (Marissa Mayer) . . .
. .ஏ ?
37 .
(Hewlett Packard) 1939- .
;
. 2006 .
2010 2011 13 . . .
. .
, (Meg Whitman)
. . . .
. 1906-
, 2000-
. ,
.
,
. . . . , (Ursula Burns).
. . . .
. ,
. - (George Gilder). ?
, , ,
.
, ஏ
.
. -
.

MBA -
... , ?
: .
,
, ,
!
.
? .
. ? ஏ
.
;
. , ,
.
.
?
. , ,
.
 , . .ஏ. .
, ,
. ,
,
. ,
.
.
.
.ஏ .
?
:
1977.

.
.
,
.
.
.
,
.

. ,
 ஏ .
.
, . ,
ஏ , .
... 2003, .
.

,
. ,
. .
.
, ஏ
?
ஏ ?
? !

?
* ஏ .
* , .
* .
* .
* ,
.
* , ,
.
* .

. .
. .ஏ. .
, . . -
.
,
, ?
.
, ,
,
.
.
? .
ஏ , , , ,
, . ,
,
!
,
. , , . .
,
, . ,
..
, ? .
(Wyeth) . 1943-
(Premarin)
.
.

.
.
. 2000- 1,06,000 .
,
ஏ
.
,
. ,
, !
,
.
, , . ,
?
. ?
( )

1970- , ?
, .
,
.
,
. , .
. ,

.
.
19- ,
. , ,
; .
,
. ,
; ,
ஏ .
 , ,
. (White collar workers)
ஏ
.
, ,
,
. ,

1951 Equal Remuneration Convention .

, ;
. 183 . . .
168 .
.
. . . .

. ,
!
(Grant Thornton International)
.
 . ஏ
(2012- ) :
10 . . .- .
(30%), (29%), (24%),
(23%) . ,
10 !
, 21 .
(46% ) . (39%),
(39%), (39%), (38%)
. , - 14%.
(Korn Ferry International),
. , 700 ,
348 . 22 ,
. , 8.1
% : 4.7 .
, ,
42 ! 66
!
,
. , , ,
.

MBA -
: .
ஏ , ?
ஏ , ,
. , .
.
, ஏ
, , , , . . ,
. . .

. , ,
.
ஏ ?
.
.
 .
, .
,
. ,
. , ,
.

1979- ' ’
( t t t )
. ? .
. , , , ,
. .ஏ
.
. , ,
, , , .
.
? ,
, , ,
.
 ? : ,
, , ,
.
... 60,000 .
80,000 .
. , 20,000- 8,000
. .
?
,
. .
, ஏ
. ,
?
, ,
:

,
,
,
 , .
( s )
.
?
( )
MBA
5 !
: . .

,
. ,
.
,
,
,
, .
(Five Forces Model) .
:
1. ,
2. ,
3. (Substitutes),
4. ,
5. ,
, ?
? ,

.
 :
* , ?
* 5, 10 ?
* ?
* ?, ?
*
? ஏ
?
* , ஏ
?
:
*
?
* , , ,
, ?
* ?
* , ?

:
* ?
( , .
?' , , , , ,
, , ’ ? ,
; ,
. ! ,

. ,
.)
* ,
, ?

* ?
:
* ?
?
?
* ?
:
* ? ?
* ,
?
 * ,
ஏ ?
* ,
, ,
?
?
,
, ,
,

:
,
. ,
.
!

?
,

. ,
,
. ,
.
...
.

.
?
100 pdf word document attachment ,
26 - .
mba@vikatan.com.160; , , , ,
. 3
.

MBA -
1 !
. . . , : .
 .
.
? .
1
.
5 . 1
? 1. , 1- 5
.
23
, .
3 . 23
? 3. , 23- 3
.

24 4
? 6
.
.
.
2 - 40
3 - 30
1 - 20
4 - 10
.

1- .
2-
3-
4- .
. ,
,
.
. ,
. ,
 . 1
? ஏ
? ,
?
.
?
.

(Maturity) . :
M1 - , , .
. ,
.
M2 - 1– . .
, .
M3 - 2– . ,
. , .
M4 - , , .
.
.

?
 .
. ,

, ,
. ,
.ஏ ,
.ஏ ,
,
, 1 !
 ( )
vikatan.com/mba
.
, vikatan.com/mba ,
. ,
. . . .

MBA -
- !
. . . : . .
,' , '
.
' ?' ஏ ,' ?
?' .
' , .
.
' ’ .
, , ,
. ,
, , ,
''
.

. 1986-
. ,
.
1. . .
. ?
.
2. .
?
.
3. . ?
.

. ,
.
, ;
;
. ?
. ,
, , ,
. ( t)
( ), .
 . 10 .
10 , . ,
, .
.
.1 ,2 ,
3 ,4 ,5 ,6
.1 , ,
.
1 - 10 6,97,700 .
2 - 10 3,08.700.
3 - 10 66,810.
4 - 10 6,210.
5 - 10 233.
6 - 10 3.4 .

1 .

6.97.700
3.4
. , 6,97,696
.

. -

.
,
( ut), ,
( t ), ,
 .
( ut ut) .
. .
, , , ,

.
.
,
. ,
.
. ,
.
, ,
.
.
ஏ , . ., . . , .
, , , , . . .
,
.
, ,

. 5,000
. ,
,
,
, ,
.
. .ஏ.

.
,

( s).
,
.
.
.
 , , .

, .

? ! , !
, 165 , 200
. . ,
2 200 = 400 , 4 , .
,

.
,
.
( )

MBA -
!
. . . : .
,
.
.
.
. ,
(Role Model) .
; ; ;
; .
,
(Benchmarking) . .
. .
. .
.
, , ,
.'
’ ,
.
 ? 30
!
! 1961- . 1970
, ,
.
1980- . 1974-
86 .
1984- 17 .
(David Kearns), 1
. (Robert Camp)
.
.
- , .
40 .
?
.'
ஏ ?
?’
, 1,000- 30
.
 . ,
1,000- .
,
. ,
.
,
, .
.
. ,
? ,
,
. .
, ,
,
,

.
, ,
,
. ,
, ;
;
.
,
.
, ,
. ,

. , , ,
, , ,

.
,
.
. 1989- ,

.
ஏ
. ?
 . . . . . 1990-
. . . . .
,
110 . ,
. .
,
, . . .
, 110
26 .
. . . . , . . . .,
, , , , . . ஏ

.
?

. 2,500

(Cataract Surgery) .
? 250. ,
!
, . .ஏ.
.
?
(McDonalds),
,
. ,
, , 1991-
.

. ,
-
!
( )

!
? .
. . .ஏ. . ,
?
?
, .
'' . .ஏ.
. .
.
,
, !''

vikatan.com/mba
.
, vikatan.com/mba ,
. ,
. . . .

MBA -
!
1980- , ? ,
, , ,
!
' ’
, ,' , .’
, ,
, , .
, , ஏ ,
.
, , ,
, ,
. . , , , -
.

, ,
.
. . . .
,
, ...
, . . .
(B.P.O) ,
.
..?
.
. ?
.
. .
,
. . ,
.
.
.
,
.
.
 ,
. , ஏ
.
,
.
,
. , ,
, ஏ ,
ஏ
?
. ?
,
. ,
, !

1945 , ,
.
.
. ,
,
.
.
.
. .
,
 . .
,'
, ஏ
?’

.
..? .
1949-
(Automatic Data Processing) .

.
.
1957-
. ,
.
.

.
.
. ,
, 10% .
?
.

. ,
..
. ,
, ,
! ஏ. . .
.
, .

(Call Centre) .
. , 1960-
ஏ (Trans World Airlines)
. . ,
.
1962- (Plano)
(Electronic Data Systems)
.
.
, , , ,
.
ஏ. . .
. .
, 1990-
. ...
( )
: .

!
? ,
. ஏ . . . .
. .ஏ. .
-
?
- . , .
'' .
-
,
. , ஏ
. ,
. , . . .ஏ.-
.
!''

MBA -
...!
: . .

,
. ,
 .
1990- , (Core
Competence). .
, ,
,
.
?
. .
; ; ஏ. .
,
.
..?, ..?
? .
. ,
. ,
,
.

, ,
. ,

; ,
 . , .
. . . . .ஏ. -
(C.K.Prahalad).

?
, , .

.
. ,
,
.

. ,

. 1991- ,

(Worldwide Web),
.
1998- 98 . ,
, .
;
. ;
.
,
, .
.
 . , 1960-
ஏ (Trans World Airlines) . TWA

. ,
.
,
. . ,
, ,
.
,
. ,
,
. ஏ
.
,
. ,
. 1994-
95 125
(World Trade Organization) .
' ’

,
. 1993- ,
. . - (Gurgaon) . 1995-
,
,
(Accenture)
.
, .
' 70 ;
70
; 70
. ,
.''
,
.
1999- - . ,
 . Y2K
.

Y2K ? 1990-
19
.
. 1999- 99 . , 99
1999 . 00
, 1900 2000 ?
ஏ Y2K .Y Year
.K .
Y2K
. ? ,
. .
. . . 28 ;
11 .
.
!

MBA -
- !
: . .
. .ஏ. ! !
.
!
1950- (Murphy) .
1975- .
. ,
. , ? , . ,
.
- , ,
.
1980- 10
(Thapar),, (SPIC)
 . , , . , ,
, , . . , , , ,
,
.

,
, !
, ஏ ,
.
- (Business Process Re-engineering) .
,

. :
1) 2) 3)
4) 5) .
ஏ , .
, ,
,
ஏ .
,
 . ? ;
;
. .
,
. ,
, ,
.
ஏ .
, , , , , ,
ஏ ,
, . , ,
. ,
,
. , , , ,
. .
- .

.
ஏ .
.
.
.
, . ,
10
, , .

, (Zero-based Budgeting)
.
?
. .10 . 80
.
.
. ?
,
 .
- !
, , , , . .
-
.
,
(Massachusetts of Technology)-

(Michael Hammer).
?
1990 .
.
, .
, ,
.
,
! ,
. ,
.
, . .

?
, , ,
. ,
,
1990- .
- ! ,
,
; , .
?' ’
. . .
.
.
ஏ
. , .
. ,
,
, .
36,000.
 .' ,
.ஏ ?'
'
.'
' ?'
' . , , ,
.'
' ?'
' . ?'
. .
' , ,ஏ ?'
' ? ?'
, .
.
,
. , .
.
.

MBA -
!
:

.
1962-
.
(Daniel Goleman),,
; . , ,
.
, 1995-
(Emotional Intelligence) .
?
20 .
, ,
.
 . 1995-
, 33
.
!
, .
?
ஏ , ஏ
.
?

.
.
. .
. . ,
. .
. .
.
. . . .
, . .

; .
.
ஏ , ,
 .
12,000- . , 12
. ;
.
, .
,
.
. ,
.
.
.
.
.
(Intelligence Quotient) .
. . , 140-
. 120-140: . 110-120: . 90-110:
. 90- :
, ,
. ,
,
.
; . 150. ,
. .
. . 90. , .
.
.
.
;
. .ஏ ?
. ;
, .
. ?
.
1. , .
- ,
.
.
.
 .
. :
) .
?
a .
b. ஏ .
c. .
) .
. .
?
a. .
b. .
c. .

)
. ?
a .
b. .
c. .
. ,
.
2. , ,
. . ,
. .

.
3. ,
. . ,
.
. ,
 . , ?
.
4. , ,
. .
. ?
. . .
, .
, ,
. ,
, ,
, .
5. , ,
, . .
, ,
, , ,
.
, .
, .

:
Emotional Intelligence – Why it can matter more than IQ. Author – Daniel Goleman

MBA -
!
: . .
. , ,
. ,
, ; .300
.
, .
. , . . .
. .
- ,
, ,
.
. .
. , 35-
 . ,
.

, . .
. , . .
. , .
. . .
.
. ,
, , ,
- , ,
.

.' .
.
. .
.
.'
.
ஏ . .ஏ ,
, .
 ?' ’ (Balanced Scorecard)
!
ஏ ' ?’ ,
.
? .
, ,
. , , ,
; .
, , ,
, ,
. ( )
. ?
.

, ,
, , ,
.
(Mission and Vision Statement)
.
,
,
.
:' ’
, 2022-
.50
.
:
120/80- ,
, .
5
.
: , ,
,
, . 20
.
: .
;
.
 , .
.
?
. , .
(Score) .
, 5 ?3
? , 60 .
.
, .
, .
? .
, ?
. ?
. , .
, - .
.'
? . .ஏ. ?’
, ,
;
.

. .ஏ.
(Robert Kaplan),
(David Norton) ,
, .
, - .
, .
, , .
' ’
, . , -
.
? , , , ,
.
,
.
 : (Financial
Perspectives), (Customer
Perspectives), (Internal Processes Perspectives),
; (Learning &
Growth) - ,
1991- .
,
, ,
, ,
.
75 ,
ஏ .
, 44 , 45
. ,
, ,
.
?
( )

!
, .
. . . . . .ஏ. . ,
?
'' . .ஏ. ,
.
. , . .ஏ.
,
. .''

MBA -
, !
. . . , : . .
. .
. . ,
 . . .,
. - .
. , .
. .
. , , .
, .
' ,
? , ?
,

?’ .
.
.
, .
. .
.
.
, .
, .
 ?ஏ ,. ஏ , , ,
.
? ,
.
, - , ,

.
- . .
. , (Core
Competence) !

(Bottom of the Pyramid). ஏ ;

. ,
?
, .
? ;
.
, ,

. (World Resources Institute)

. ,
:
1. 3,260
-ஏ !
2. 3,260 20,000 -
!
3. 20,000 -
!

?
ஏ - 400
- 200
- 50
,
.
? ?
? 400 ஏ . , Bottom of the pyramid.
ஏ , ,
.ஏ , .
,
.
ஏ
.

?
.

,
.
. , , ,
, .
20 . .ஏ , ஏ
. 4 . ஏ ?4
.
,
. .
, ;
2004- . , ,
.
. Fortune at the
Bottom of the Pyramid .
10 (Top 10 Business thinkers
of the world) .
, .
, . , , .
2004-

. ,
,
 . :
1959- 1. 13 .
.
ஏ

. 3 . 100
. Bottom of the
Pyramid .
1980 . , 100 , 200
. 10 , 20 . ,
.
,
5 . ,

.
Bottom of the Pyramid .
, , ,
,ஏ .
ஏ .
Bottom of the Pyramid
:
, 3,250 ,
.
.
,
.

?
. ,
.
Bottom of the Pyramid - .

MBA -
!
 (Guy Laliberte)
? .
,
. .
(Accordion) .
. ,
.
, 1980- .
,
.
. .
,
.
. 1980-
, The company is in the red .
1985- Cirque du Soleil (
.) . ,
, ,
.
, ,
.
.
. -
.
 . 271
. 850
.
,
?
, , ,

. ,
,
. ,
. .

. ;
; . ;
. .
. 3,000 ( 1,700 )
. , .
ஏ , ,
.
.
 ,
. .
.
1996- (QB House)
.
.
. ,
,
. ,
,
.

. ? 500
!
.
,
, ,
435 , 50
.
,' ’

!
. 1990
. , . .-
. . . .

.
; .
, .
. . .
.
' ,
. ?'
. .
ஏ
. , (iTunes)
, .
 . .
.
.' ;
;
; ஏ ?'
. !

.'
.
,

.
ஏ ,

!’

ஏ .
,
. 2,500

.
, 1
!
, ;
. ; ,
. ,
.
Cirque du Soleil, ,
? ;
; .
, .
(Chan Kim), (Renee Mauborgne)
. .ஏ. INSEAD- .
Cirque du Soleil, ,
, 2005- ,
(Blue Ocean Strategy) .
 , .
? , :
...
1. ஏ
.
2. ஏ
, .
3. .
4. .
.
, .

MBA -
!
? . ,
:
: .
2012 21- ,
.ஏ ,
,
. .ஏ. (Wharton) ,
ஏ , Foundation on Economic Trends
(Jeremy Rifkin).
2011- The Third Industrial Revolution, How Lateral Power is Transforming Energy, the
Economy and the World
.
. ,
. ,
.
1973-
, 1976-
, 1991-
(World Wide Web – WWW)
.
 .
, ,
, .
, . , ,
,
.
, , ,
,
. ,
, , .
, (Hydel), ,
, ,
,
.
.
ஏ ,
, 25
.

2078-
 .
, .
,
.
.
,
. ,
,
. ,

. .
, ? .
,
?
? .
. ,
; . ,
. ?
3 D Printing, Additive Manufacturing
! , ?
(Printout)
.
,

. ,
,
.
(2 D Printers) . ,
' ’
, (3 D Printers) .
. 2D
, , . 3D
? , , .
. ! , 3D
, ,
. , 3D
,
.
 3D additive manufacturing
.Addition . , additive
manufacturing , .
subtractive manufacturing, ,
, .
.
, . ?
. ,
. ,
, .
.

, .
. 3D . ,
. (command) ,
.
. .
. ,
. ,
.
.
,3D
, .
, 3D
. , 90
.
, ,
.

.
!
( )
MBA -
. .ஏ. ,ஏ .

. , 2013
.
ஏ
.
. ' ’
?
1769 - .
1760- 1830- - .
1776 - (Division of Labour) .
1787 - (John Fitch) .
1814 - (George Stephenson )
.
1836 -
(Telegraph) 160;
1848 – , ஏ (Friedrich Engels)
. (Manifesto of the Communist
Party).
1854 - (David McCallum)
.
.
1875 1905 - .
1876 - .
1879 - .
1892 -
.
1897 - .
1901 -
(Personnel Department) . ,
.
1903 - .
1903 -
.
1906 - (Vilfredo Pareto)
.
1911 - (Frederick Taylor)
(Time and Motion Study) .
1916 - (Henry Foyal), Management is to plan, organise, command, coordinate and
control .
1933 - (Elton Mayo) The Human Problems of an Industrialized
Civilization ,
.
.
1939 - . .
. (Management by Objectives) 160;
.
1948 - 1975: Toyota Production System
.
1954 - (Abraham Maslow)
(Hierarchy of Needs)160;
1960 - (Douglas McGregor) , (X, Y Theory)
1960 - (Edmund Jerome McCarthy) 4P
.
1962 - (Kaoru Ishikawa)
(Quality
Circles)
.
1967 - (Edward de
Bono)
(Lateral Thinking)

1970 - (Alfred Humphrey)

(SWOT Analysis)
1970 - (Peter Phyrr) Zero-based Budgeting .
1970 - (Mentoring)
.
1973 - (Doctor Clark Wilson) 360 (360 Degree
Assessment) .
1970 -
(George Gilder) .
1973 -
.
1976 -
.
1979 - (Michael Porter) (Five Forces
Model)
1985 - (Paul Hersey), (Ken Blanchard)
(Situational Leadership Theory)
1985- ,
.
1986 - (Six Sigma) .
1989 - (Robert Camp) (Benchmarking)
1990 - . . (Core Competence).. ,
.
1990 - ((Michael Hammer) Business Process Re-engineering.
1991 - (World Wide Web –
WWW),,
.
1992 - (Robert Kaplan) – Balanced Score Card.
1993 - (Total Quality Management)
(Edwards Deming) 14 .
1995 - (Daniel Goleman) - Emotional Intelligence.
2004 - . . - Bottom of the Pyramid.
2005 - (Chan Kim),, (Renee Mauborgne)
(Blue Ocean Strategy). .
2011 - (Jeremy Rifkin) .
( : ,
, . .ஏ. .
, ஏ ,
.)
 , . .ஏ. ?
.

MBA -
. .ஏ. !
, , , , ,
,
, .
; 1980- .
.
' . , ,
. 1969- . . .

. , .
. .
. ,
.'
1969- , , . . ,
. ,
ஏ . ,
!
.
.
, 1759- , (Commerce)
, The Aula do Comercio ,
. ,
.
 ?

? , .
.ஏ ?
.
. , ,
, ;
.
,
. 1819-
The Ecole Superieure de Commerce of Paris
. ESCP-EAP European School of
Management .

. ,
ஏ . ,
, ,
, 62
, 1891- !
1891- , , ,
(Wharton Business School) .
. ,
, .
 , 1900- ,
(New Hampshire) , (Hanover)
(Dartmouth College), (Tuck School of
Business) .
. .ஏ.
. 1910.
, 102 ,
.

, , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , ,
, , , , , , ,
, , , , , ,
, , , , ,
. .ஏ. .
.
!
, , . .ஏ. . MBA (Master
of Business Administration), MBM (Master of Business Management), MM (Master of Management),
PGDM (Post Graduate Diploma in Management), PGDBM (Post Graduate Diploma in Business
Management ), PGP (Post Graduate Program in Management), PGBP (Post Graduate Program in
Business Management) . , ,
.
 . .ஏ. .
. ;
.
. .ஏ. .
Bachelors in Business Administration .
BBA MBA
.
, DBA Doctor of Business Administration ,
. DBA
, .
. .ஏ.
.
.

11 :
1. (Stanford Graduate School of
Business), ,
2. , ,
3. , ,
4. ,
,
5. ,
,
6. INSEAD, Fontainebleau, , INSEAD,
,
7. ,

(Sloan Business School,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology),,
,
8. IE ,
(Madrid), ,
9. IESE ,
(Barcelona), ,
10. UST , ,
11. , , .
( , 10- .
11 : ,
. . . 11- ; ,
. .ஏ. !)

MBA -
. .ஏ.!

. .ஏ.
. 11 ,
, .
. .ஏ. .
. .ஏ. (GMAT - Graduate Management Admission
Test) . . .
. .ஏ.
6,716 . 398. ,
6 . 398 , 139
; , 167 .
53 .
. .ஏ. .
. 919.
8,963. ,
10 . 910 ,
371 ; , 315 .
68 .
. .ஏ. , . .ஏ.
.
. .ஏ. ,
. . .ஏ.
. 4
2 : 3 8 .
 , .
40 , ( ),
, , .
35 . , ' ’ - 80
.
,
. .ஏ. ; ,
!
. .ஏ. . ,

.
?
, , 1,20,000
( ) . , ,
.
,
?
.
20
. :
1. Critical Analytical Thinking, 2. Ethics in Management, 3.Financial Accounting, 4. Leadership Labs,
5.Managerial Skills, 6.Managing in the Global Context, 7.Managing Groups and Teams, 8.Organizational
Behavior, 9.Strategic Leadership, 10. Corporate Finance, 11. Data Analysis and Decision Making, 12.
Human Resource Management, 13. Information Management, 14. Managerial Accounting, 15.
Managerial Finance, 16. Marketing, 17. Microeconomics, 18. Operations, 19. Optimization & Simulation
Modeling, 20. Strategy Beyond Markets.
14 . :
1. Accounting, 2. Entrepreneurship, 3 Finance, 4. Global Management, 5.Human Resources, 6.
Information Technology, 7. Leadership, 8. Managerial Economics, 9. Marketing, 10. Operations, 11.
Organizational Behavior, 12. Political Economics, 13. Public Management, 14. Strategic Management
. .ஏ. .
, .
, ,
.
1. Business, Government & the International Economy, 2. Entrepreneurial Management 3. Finance, 4.
Marketing, 5. Negotiation, Organizations & Markets, 6. General Management, 7. Organisational Behavior,
8. Strategy, 9. Technology & Operations Management
. ,
Entrepreneurship
?
Building and Sustaining a Successful Enterprise, Management of the Family Business, Launching global
ventures, Entrepreneurship in Healthcare IT and Services, Introduction to Innovation & Entrepreneurship,
Venture Capital and Private Equity 32 .

, ,
. , .
,

. ,
.

? . (Text
Book) (Syllabus) .
. . .
. .
.
 . .ஏ. .
, ,
.
. ,
, ,
.
; .
,
. .
. .ஏ. .
, , ,
, .
, . :
1970. .
. . 1,000
. ?

. .
?
,
(Corus) 24,000
. ,
?
.
, ,
. , .
(Class Participation) .
ஏ , .
. .ஏ. .
,ஏ
.
. .ஏ. .

. , , , ,
.
800 , 170 . ,
5 . ,
.
170 .3
. , .
, . .ஏ.
.

MBA -
. .ஏ. !
1759- , . .ஏ.
. ,
. .ஏ- . ,
, .ஏ ?
1886-

.
1903. ,
. -
, , , (Business
Communication) (Business Correspondence).
, (Sydenham College)
. ,
1920- . , ,
.
.
1948- , (Indian Institute of
Social Science) . , 1949- Xavier
Labour Relations Institute . ,

.
;
.
 , 1953-
Indian Institute of Social Welfare & Business Management. ,
, ,
. .
, 1951- . ,
.
, ஏ ,
. ,
(1956-1961) .
?
(Heavy Industry),, (Light Industry)
. ?
. ,
.
?
.
,
.
, .
, , ,
 . .
,
. ; ;
. ,
,
.
.
,
?
(Indian Institute of Technology)

.
1951- , . . . ,
. . . . .
, !
,
.
,
,
1953-
(All India Council of Technical Education)
.
, , Board of Management Studies
. ,ஏ
. ,
, , ,
,
: , , . . ., ,
. . . . (V.J.T.I)
(Industrial Organisation) .
. ,
,
. . 1955-
.
. . . .ஏ ?
, . .
1928- , 1946-
18 .
 , . .ஏ.
,
. . . .

, ;
. .ஏ. . ,
(Ford Foundation) . , ,

. .ஏ.
.
1961- ,
.
. , ,
.
52 . , , , , ,
, , , , , , , ,
13 . . . .
ஏ . .ஏ. . ,
. ,
(All India Council of Technical Education)
. ,
500 . 4
. .ஏ. .
( )
: . . .

!?
. .ஏ. .
. . .ஏ.,
. . ., . . .ஏ., ஏ. .ஏ. ., .ஏ.
.
?
- , .
'' . .ஏ. ,

. , -
, .ஏ. . . .ஏ.
. ,
. .ஏ. ஏ !

MBA -
4,500 .
, . .ஏ. 1- .
, .
. , 1961-

, .
. . .
:
Common Admissions Test
. .ஏ. . ,
. 1961 ,
, .
,
.
. ,
,
.
.
 , .
. . - ,

.
. . -

,
,

.
-
-
-
, .

,
. . .

?
1955- , . . ,
, . . .
. . - . . ,
, , ஏ
. .
.
,

,
- ; . . . .
. ,
.
. .
,
! (Indian Space Research
Organisation) .
.
, ISRO-
(VSSC) .
.
,
, ,
.
, , . . .
.
.
.
.
, . . .
. . -
.
. . ,
, ?
.
. .ஏ.
. . . .
. , ,
. .ஏ. .
, .
 . . . .
,
- '' '
' .
. ,
; 1961- . . . .
?
. ,
.
.
, . ,
, , ,
.
; . . . .

(International Teachers Programme)

.
1965. . . .
.
.
,

.
. . .
. ,
,
!
.ஏ ? . . .
,
.
 , ,
. .
38. ? .ஏ. ( , , ).
.
? ?
. . . .
. . . .,
, institution.
.
, , , ,

, .
. . . .-

1972- .
.
.
, .
,
. , .
. . - , , .

MBA -
. .ஏ.!

, .
, . . , . .ஏ.
, . ,
. . ,
'' . .ஏ. .
'' .
. .ஏ. .
. . .- .
. . . .
. .ஏ.- .
. .ஏ. .
,
,
 . .ஏ.
.
. . .ஏ.
; ,
.
?
, ? .
,
. .

. .ஏ. .
.
- , , . ., ,
(specialise)
, ஏ , .
, 54
. , .
, 100 . ,
, ,
. , .
, . .ஏ. :
, , , ( ),
 , . ., , ,
(Communication). .
!
.
200 20
. 200- 20- 4,000 .
200 .
, ,
4,200 . 4,200- ,
20- , 210
.
40 .
, (210 40) = 250
. 19 . .
200 . 19 250 200=4,950 .
? ,
.
.
; . , , ,
( ). .
!
, .
,
.
!
( Principles Of Demand )
;
. .
; .
 , ,
.
. .
? .
?
. , ,
(Elasticity of Demand) .
.
. ?
?
1. .
2. .
3. .
.
. ,
, ,
?
, !
.
.
,
.
! (Game Theory)
,
.
, , , ,
, , .
.
 , , .
, ;
.
.
, . ,
?
? ?
.
,
? - 1) 1) Economics by Paul A.
Samuelson & William D. Nordhaus , Publisher – Tata McGraw – Hill Education Pvt. Limited.
, ,
;
;
;
, ,
- ,
.

MBA -
!
: .

,ஏ . 
4P- 14- . 4P-
: Product ( ), Price( ), Physical Distribution ( ), Promotion
( ).
, ஏ
.
?
(Product)
, , ,
.
.
, , :
, ?,
,
 ?, ?
?

,
? ,
..?

? ,
17 844 (Dialects)
.
. , , ,
. ,
, ? ,
. ( )
, ?
.
(Price)!

.
 , .
,' . , '
.
.
.
: ,
,
(Commissions), , (Discounts), (Rebates)
, , ,
.
! (Physical Distribution)!
. .
. ...
, (Door Delivery),
. .
,
. - . ,
,
(flipkart.com) - .
(Designer Dresses)
(Boutiques) .
.
, . , ,
.
, , ...
, .
? ,
,
. , . ,
. ,
. , .
(Promotion)!
. .
.
. ?
. ,
. .
.
 .
?
, ,
,
.
, ,

. .
.
, ,
.
, .
,
.
. ,
, ,
. . , ,
, (Social Media)
,
(Hoardings), (Product Demonstrations) - , ,
.
,
,
.
,
.
(Marketing Research) .

, . ,
, , ,
, (Forecast)
. , ஏ
,
,
. ,
 .
, . .ஏ.
.
, (Retail Management), b2b
marketing, Digital marketing, E-commerce, Rural marketing, International marketing, Customer
Relationship Management (CRM), Public Relations
.
MBA -
, ,
,
(Forecast) .
.

,
. , . . - ,
,
.
. . .ஏ.
.
. .ஏ. ?
9,60,000
. , 80,000 . ,
. ,
, ,
. , - .
, , , ,
. ,
.
, :
, 70,000 ;
, 1,00,000 .

.
1. (Purchase)
2. ,
(Production Planning and
Control)

,
,
,
 .

. ,
, ,
. , . ,
.
ஏ
. ,
, .
, , (Production Planning and
Control).
- 70,000 ,
1,00,000 ,
?

? ,
? , ,
? ,
?
?
. . . ?
, , .
, ,
.
, ,
,
.
, .
ஏ . ,
. .
,
.

.
, , , , , .
. , ,
, , ,
? .
, . .ஏ. (Production Management),
 (Operations Management)
.

. . ,
(Production) ; .
. .
,
. ,
, -
. ,
.
ஏ .
, .
.
.
.
.
.
, .
,
. :
1. .( )
2. ( )
,
. :
1. PERT (Project Evaluation and Review Technique) 2. CPM (Critical Path Method)
. .ஏ. , ,PERT, CPM
. ?
, .
www.netmba.com/operations/project/pert
www.netmba.com/operations/project/cpm
,
.
, , Supply Chain Management, Quality Management & Six
Sigma, Services Management ,
.

Until july 07 segments….