Normativa Teminali Funi Metalliche - Parte2

NORMA
EUROPEA
Pagina I
UNI EN 14492-2:2007
UNI
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20137 Milano, Italia
UNI EN 14492-2
GENNAIO 2007
Apparecchi di sollevamento
Argani e paranchi motorizzati
Parte 2: Paranchi motorizzati
Cranes
Power driven winches and hoists
Part 2: Power driven hoists
La norma si applica alla progettazione, alle informazioni per luti-
lizzo, alla manutenzione, alla prova di paranchi motorizzati il cui
motore primo un motore elettrico, idraulico, pneumatico o a com-
bustione interna.
TESTO INGLESE
La presente norma la versione ufficiale in lingua inglese della
norma europea EN 14492-2 (edizione novembre 2006).
ICS 53.020.20
Copyright Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione
Provided by IHS under license with UNI Licensee=Universita degli Studi di Firenze/5987454001, User=Pallini, Giovanni
Not for Resale, 01/24/2014 08:06:26 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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UNI Pagina II
UNI EN 14492-2:2007
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interessate e di conciliare ogni aspetto conflittuale, per rappresentare il reale stato
dellarte della materia ed il necessario grado di consenso.
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Si invitano inoltre gli utilizzatori a verificare lesistenza di norme UNI corrispondenti alle
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PREMESSA NAZIONALE
La presente norma costituisce il recepimento, in lingua inglese, del-
la norma europea EN 14492-2 (edizione novembre 2006), che as-
sume cos lo status di norma nazionale italiana.
La presente norma stata elaborata sotto la competenza della
Commissione Tecnica UNI
Apparecchi di sollevamento e relativi accessori
La presente norma stata ratificata dal Presidente dellUNI ed en-
trata a far parte del corpo normativo nazionale il 18 gennaio 2007.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPENNE
EUROPISCHE NORM
EN 14492-2
November 2006
ICS 53.020.20
English Version
Cranes - Power driven winches and hoists - Part 2: Power driven
hoists
Appareils de levage charge suspendue - Treuils et palans
motoriss - Partie 2: Palans motoriss
Krane - Kraftgetriebene Winden und Hubwerke - Teil 2:
Kraftgetriebene Hubwerke
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 October 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMI T EUROPEN DE NORMALI SATI ON
EUROPI SCHES KOMI TEE FR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Ref. No. EN 14492-2:2006: E
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
2
Contents Page
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................7
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................8
1 Scope ..............................................................................................................................................................9
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................9
3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................11
4 List of significant hazards ..........................................................................................................................14
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures....................................................................................19
5.1 General..........................................................................................................................................................19
5.2 Devices .........................................................................................................................................................20
5.3 Couplings .....................................................................................................................................................26
5.4 Brakes for hoisting and lowering movements..........................................................................................26
5.5 Gearbox ........................................................................................................................................................27
5.6 Load hooks...................................................................................................................................................27
5.7 Rope drives ..................................................................................................................................................27
5.8 Chain drives .................................................................................................................................................30
5.9 Belt drives.....................................................................................................................................................31
5.10 Pneumatic equipment .................................................................................................................................32
5.11 Hydraulic equipment ...................................................................................................................................34
5.12 Trolleys .........................................................................................................................................................37
5.13 Electrical equipment of hoists and their trolleys .....................................................................................38
5.14 Reduction of noise by design.....................................................................................................................42
5.15 Hoists for use in a potentially explosive atmosphere..............................................................................43
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective measures.....................................................43
6.1 Hoists manufactured in series ...................................................................................................................43
6.2 Hoists designed individually ......................................................................................................................44
7 User information ..........................................................................................................................................51
7.1 General..........................................................................................................................................................51
7.2 Special requirements ..................................................................................................................................51
7.3 Marking .........................................................................................................................................................53
Annex A (informative) Examples of power driven hoists...................................................................................54
A.1 Rope hoist ....................................................................................................................................................54
A.2 Chain hoist ...................................................................................................................................................55
A.3 Belt hoist.......................................................................................................................................................56
A.4 Open type hoist............................................................................................................................................57
A.5 NGL building hoists Treuil potence de chantier Bauaufzge fr nicht gefhrte Lasten ............58
Annex B (normative) Additional requirements when transporting hot molten masses...................................59
Annex C (informative) Additional requirements for hoists intended to be used in potentially explosion
atmosphere...................................................................................................................................................62
C.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................................62
C.2 General..........................................................................................................................................................62
C.3 Hazard sources in explosion hazard areas...............................................................................................63
C.3.1 Electrically caused hazards........................................................................................................................63
C.3.2 Mechanically caused hazards ....................................................................................................................63
C.3.3 Hazards caused by environmental conditions .........................................................................................63
C.3.4 Measures to eliminate hazards in explosion hazard areas .....................................................................64
C.3.5 Marking .........................................................................................................................................................64
C.4 User information ..........................................................................................................................................64
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
3
Annex D (informative) Additional requirements for operation in aggressive environments and
outdoors ....................................................................................................................................................... 65
D.1 General.......................................................................................................................................................... 65
D.2 Ropes and chains........................................................................................................................................ 65
Annex E (informative) Additional requirements for operation at low temperatures ........................................ 67
Annex F (normative) Supporting structures for NGL building hoists................................................................ 68
F.1 General.......................................................................................................................................................... 68
F.2 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................. 68
F.3 Classification ............................................................................................................................................... 69
F.4 Construction characteristics...................................................................................................................... 71
F.4.1 General requirements.................................................................................................................................. 71
F.4.2 Interchangeability of parts and modularity............................................................................................... 72
F.4.3 Ease of transportation................................................................................................................................. 72
F.5 Calculations ................................................................................................................................................. 74
F.5.1 General.......................................................................................................................................................... 74
F.5.2 Forces and load combinations to be considered..................................................................................... 75
F.5.3 Stability......................................................................................................................................................... 75
F.5.4 Structural verification.................................................................................................................................. 76
F.5.5 Loads transmitted calculations.................................................................................................................. 77
F.6 Instructions .................................................................................................................................................. 77
F.6.1 Transmitted forces/moments information ................................................................................................ 77
F.6.2 Markings....................................................................................................................................................... 80
F.6.3 User information.......................................................................................................................................... 80
F.7 Verifications ................................................................................................................................................. 81
Annex G (normative) Power driven series hoist mechanisms Test procedure for verification of the
classification................................................................................................................................................ 82
G.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................. 82
G.2 Application ................................................................................................................................................... 82
G.3 Implementation of the test .......................................................................................................................... 82
G.3.1 Framework conditions ................................................................................................................................ 82
G.3.2 Configurations ............................................................................................................................................. 83
G.3.3 Test programme........................................................................................................................................... 83
G.4 Acceptance criteria...................................................................................................................................... 84
G.5 Calculation and Figures.............................................................................................................................. 84
Annex H (informative) Documents for hooks ...................................................................................................... 89
Annex I (informative) Values of
IAL
,
DAL
for different types of rated capacity limiters................................... 90
I.1 Calculation of rated capacity limiters........................................................................................................ 90
Annex J (normative) Selection of motors ............................................................................................................. 92
J.1 General.......................................................................................................................................................... 92
J.2 Criteria for motor selection (EN 60034-1).................................................................................................. 92
J.2.1 General.......................................................................................................................................................... 92
J.2.2 Remarks on the selection of motors ......................................................................................................... 93
J.2.3 Degree of protection according to EN 60034-5 ........................................................................................ 93
J.2.4 Thermal calculation of the motor............................................................................................................... 93
J.2.5 Squirrel cage motor..................................................................................................................................... 96
J.2.6 Power correction in function of ambient temperature and altitude ....................................................... 97
J.2.7 Cyclic duration factor and number of working cycles per hour ............................................................. 99
J.3 Motors for vertical motions ........................................................................................................................ 99
J.3.1 Determination of required torque .............................................................................................................. 99
J.3.2 Cyclic duration factor and number of cycles per hour.......................................................................... 100
J.4 Motors for horizontal motions.................................................................................................................. 102
J.4.1 General........................................................................................................................................................ 102
J.4.2 Determining the torque necessary .......................................................................................................... 102
J.4.3 Cyclic duration factor and number of cycles per hour.......................................................................... 103
J.4.4 Rotation ...................................................................................................................................................... 104
J.4.5 Span variation............................................................................................................................................ 104
Annex K (normative) Noise test code.................................................................................................................. 106
K.1 Scope .......................................................................................................................................................... 106
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
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K.2 Standards used in this annex...................................................................................................................106
K.3 Description of the machine family ...........................................................................................................106
K.4 Determination of the emission sound pressure level at the operators position by
measurement..............................................................................................................................................107
K.4.1 General........................................................................................................................................................107
K.4.2 Hoists, other than NGL building hoists...................................................................................................107
K.5 Determination of the sound power level .................................................................................................107
K.5.1 General........................................................................................................................................................107
K.5.3 NGL building hoists...................................................................................................................................108
K.6 Mounting and operation conditions.........................................................................................................110
K.6.1 General........................................................................................................................................................110
K.6.3 NGL building hoists...................................................................................................................................110
K.7 Uncertainties ..............................................................................................................................................111
K.8 Information to be recorded.......................................................................................................................111
K.9 Information to be reported........................................................................................................................111
K.10 Declaration and verification of noise emission values..........................................................................111
Annex L (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application......................112
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC..................................................................................................113
Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 94/9/EC....................................................................................................114
Bibliography............................................................................................................................................................115
Figures
Figure A.1.1 Rope hoist Palan cble Seilzug........................................................................................54
Figure A.1.2.1 Monorail trolley, standard headroom Chariot monorail, hauteur perdue normale
Einschienenuntergurtfahrwerk, normale Bauhhe ..............................................................................54
Figure A.1.2.2 Monorail trolley, short headroom Chariot monorail, hauteur perdue rduite
Einschienenuntergurtfahrwerk, kurze Bauhhe ...................................................................................54
Figure A.1.2.3 Crab Chariot birail Zweischienenobergurtfahrwerk......................................................54
Figure A.1.2 Travel carriages (Hoist mounted) Chariots (Palan mont) Fahrwerke (Hubwerk
angebaut)............................................................................................................................................................54
Figure A.2.1 Chain hoist Palan chane Kettenzug................................................................................55
Figure A.2.2.1 Monorail trolley, standard headroom Chariot monorail, hauteur perdue normale
Einschienenuntergurtfahrwerk, normale Bauhhe ..............................................................................55
Figure A.2.2.2 Monorail trolley, short headroom Chariot monorail, hauteur perdue rduite
Einschienenuntergurtfahrwerk, kurze Bauhhe ...................................................................................55
Figure A.2.2.3 Crab Chariot birail Zweischienenobergurtfahrwerk ....................................................55
angebaut)............................................................................................................................................................55
Figure A.3.1 Belt hoist Palan sangle Bandzug......................................................................................56
Figure A.3.2 Monorail trolley Chariot monorail Einschienenuntergurtfahrwerk..................................56
Figure A.4 Open type hoist Treuil ouvert Offenes Hubwerk ..................................................................57
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
5
Figure A.5.1 Jib hoist with parallel drum Treuil potence tambour parallle Auslegerhubwerk mit
paralleler Trommel ............................................................................................................................................58
Figure A.5.2 Jib hoist with axial drum Treuil potence tambour axial Auslegerhubwerk mit axialer
Trommel .............................................................................................................................................................58
Figure A.5.3 Hoist with trolley Treuil potence pour chariot Hubwerk mit Fahrwerk .........................58
Figure A.5.4 Suspended hoist Treuil potence suspendu Aufgehngtes Hubwerk............................58
Figure A.5.5 Scaffold hoist Treuil dchafaudage Gerstwinde ............................................................58
Figure F.1 Column support Support Colonne Dreibock ..................................................................70
Figure F.2 Jib-extension Extension de potence Zwischenrahmen ......................................................70
Figure F.3 Prop support Chandelle Geschosssttze............................................................................70
Figure F.4 Window support Support fentre Fensterwinkel ................................................................70
Figure F.5 Scaffold support Support pour echafaudage Gersthalterung oder befestigung ........70
Figure F.6 Gantry support Chevalet Doppelrahmensttze mit Ausleger............................................71
Figure F.7 Up-jib Flche potence Schwenkarm.....................................................................................71
Figure F.8 Connection device to the scaffold with T-head bolt ......................................................................73
Figure F.9 Example of hinge with anti pull-out system....................................................................................73
Figure F.10 Connection devices for counterweight and hand rail position...................................................73
Figure F.11 Example of jib positioning devices and sheave protection ........................................................73
Figure F.12 Example of hand lever jib positioning device...............................................................................73
Figure F.13 Self retaining locking handle..........................................................................................................73
Figure F.14 Rail buffers .......................................................................................................................................74
Figure F.15 Feet stop and body guard for gantry support ..............................................................................74
Figure F.16 Prop head/length rate......................................................................................................................74
Figure F.17 Window support hoisting position.................................................................................................74
Figure F.18 Transmitted loads from prop support ...........................................................................................78
Figure F.19 Transmitted loads from scaffold support ......................................................................................78
Figure F.20 Transmitted loads from up-jib........................................................................................................79
Figure F.21 Transmitted loads from window support ......................................................................................79
Figure F.22 Transmitted loads from column support ......................................................................................79
Figure F.23 Transmitted loads from gantry support ........................................................................................79
Figure G.1 Opposed winding arrangement .......................................................................................................86
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
6
Figure G.2 Symmetrical rope lead-off about the drum centre.........................................................................86
Figure G.3 Normal lifting operation during the test (Cycle I) ..........................................................................87
Figure G.4 Picking the load up from the floor at the start of every 4
th
lifting operation (Cycle II)...............87
Figure G.5 Every 4
th
pick up from the floor at main lifting speed, if possible (Cycle III) ..............................87
Figure J.1 Torque operation for two different cycles.......................................................................................95
Figure J.2 Correction as function of ambient temperature and altitude ........................................................98
Figure K.1 Microphone positions on the hemisphere....................................................................................109
Tables
Table 1 List of significant hazards and associated requirements ..................................................................15
Table 2 Values for
h
v for estimation of
IAL
.....................................................................................................24
Table 3 Speed limit for three-phase slipring motors........................................................................................40
Table 4 Stall torques for three-phase slipring motors with contactor control ..............................................41
Table 5 Methods to be used to verify conformity with the safety requirements and/or measures.............45
Table B.1 Additional requirements when transporting hot molten masses ..................................................61
Table F.1 Stability safety factor
o
S for various forces.....................................................................................75
Table F2 Safety coefficients for steel structures..............................................................................................76
Table F.3 Load cases...........................................................................................................................................76
Table F.4 Means of verification of the safety requirements and/or measures ..............................................81
Table I.1 Example of values ................................................................................................................................90
Table J.1 Typical operation of torque for 2 different cycles............................................................................96
Table J.2 Indications for the number of cycles per hour and the cycles duration factor for the vertical
motions.............................................................................................................................................................101
Table J.3 Indications for the number of cycles per hour and the cyclic duration factor for the vertical
motions.............................................................................................................................................................104
Table K.1 Coordinates of the 6 microphone positions...................................................................................108
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
7
Foreword
This document (EN 14492-2:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 Cranes - Safety, the
secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by May 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
May 2007.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this
document.
This is the second part of the standard "Cranes Power driven winches and hoists". The parts of the standard
are:
Part 1: Power driven winches
Part 2: Power driven hoists
For the relationship with other European Standards for cranes, see Annex L.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
8
Introduction
This European Standard is a harmonized standard to provide one means for power driven hoists to conform with
the essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive, as amended.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are
indicated in the scope of this European Standard.
This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100-1.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of
this type C standard take precedence over the provision of the other standards, for machines that have been
designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
9
1 Scope
This European Standard is applicable to the design, information for use, maintenance and testing of power driven
hoists with or without trolleys for which the prime mover is an electric, hydraulic or pneumatic motor. They are
designed for the lifting and lowering of loads which are suspended on hooks or other load lifting attachments.
Hoists can be used either in cranes, in other machines, e.g. rail dependent storage and retrieval equipment,
monorail conveyors or by itself.
This European Standard is applicable to the following types of hoist:
a) rope hoist;
b) chain hoist;
c) belt hoist, except belt hoist with steel belts as hoisting media;
d) open type hoist;
e) NGL building hoists including supporting structures.
This European Standard is not applicable of the following hazards:
i) this European Standard does not cover hazards related to builders hoists for the transport of goods as defined
in 2000/14/EC;
ii) this European Standard does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons.
NOTE The use of hoists for the lifting of persons may be subject to specific national regulations.
This European Standard does not specify additional requirements for hazards related to the use of hoists in
explosive atmospheres in underground works.
The significant hazards covered by this European Standard are identified in Clause 4.
This document is not applicable to power driven hoists which are manufactured before the date of publication of
this European Standard by CEN.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN 418:1992, Safety of machinery Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects Principles for design
EN 818-1:1996, Short link chain for lifting purposes Safety Part 1: General conditions of acceptance
EN 818-7:2002, Short link chain for lifting purposes Safety Part 7: Fine tolerance hoist chain, Grade T
(Types T, DAT and DT)
EN 954-1:1996, Safety of machinery Safety-related parts of control systems Part 1: General principles for
design
EN 982:1996, Safety of machinery Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components
Hydraulics
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
10
EN 983:1996, Safety of machinery Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components
Pneumatics
EN 1127-1:1997, Explosive atmospheres Explosion prevention and protection Part 1: Basic concepts and
methodology
EN 12077-2:1998, Cranes safety Requirements for health and safety Part 2: Limiting and indicating devices
EN 12644-2:2000, Cranes Information for use and testing Part 2: Marking
EN 13001-2:2004, Cranes General design Part 2: Load actions
EN 13411-3:2004, Terminations for steel wire ropes Safety Part 3: Ferrules and ferrule securing
EN 13411-4:2002, Terminations for steel wire ropes Safety Part 4: Metal and resin socketing
EN 13411-6:2004, Terminations for steel wire ropes Safety Part 6: Asymmetric wedge socket
EN 13411-7:2003, Terminations for steel wire ropes Safety Part 7: Symmetric wedge socket
EN 13463-1:2001, Non-electrical equipment for potentially explosive atmospheres Part 1: Basic method and
requirements
EN 13463-5:2003, Non-electrical equipment intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres Part 5:
Protection by constructional safety "c"
EN 13557:2003, Cranes Controls and control stations
EN 50020:2002, Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres Intrinsic safety i
EN 60034-1:2004, Rotating electrical machines Part 1: Rating and performance (IEC 60034-1:2004)
EN 60034-5:2000, Rotating electrical machines Part 5: Degrees of protection provided by the integral design of
rotating electrical machines (IP code); Classification (IEC 60034-5:2000)
EN 60079-0:2004, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres Part 0: General requirements
(IEC 60079-0:2004)
EN 60079-1:2004, Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive gas atmospheres Part 1: Flameproof enclosure
d (IEC 60079-1:2003)
EN 60079-7:2003, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres Part 7: Increased safety e
(IEC 60079-7:2001)
EN 60204-32:1998, Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines Part 32: Requirements for hoisting
machines (IEC 60204-32:1998)
EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) (IEC 60529:1989)
EN ISO 3744:1995, Acoustics Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure
Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 3744:1994)
EN ISO 4871:1996, Acoustics Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment
(ISO 4871:1996)
EN ISO 11201:1995, Acoustics Noise emitted by machinery and equipment Measurement of emission sound
pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions Engineering method in an essentially free field
over a reflecting plane (ISO 11201:1995)
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
11
EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)
EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 2: Technical
principles (ISO 12100-2:2003)
EN ISO 13732-1 :2006, Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Methods for the assessment of human responses
to contact with surfaces - Part 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006)
ISO 606:2004, Short-pitch transmission precision roller and bush chains, attachments and associated chain
sprockets
ISO 4301-1:1986, Cranes and lifting appliances Classification Part 1: General
ISO 4308-1:2003, Cranes and lifting appliances Selection of wire ropes Part 1: General
ISO 12482-1:1995, Cranes Condition monitoring Part 1: General
IEC 60072-1:1991, Dimensions and output series for rotating electrical machines Part 1: frame numbers 56 to
400 and flange numbers 55 to 1080
FEM 1.001:1998, Rules for the design of hoisting appliances, booklets 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9
FEM 9.901:1991, Rules for the design of series lifting equipment and cranes equipped with series lifting equipment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and the following
apply.
3.1
anchorage
complete device to anchor the hoisting media to a fixed point
3.2
belt drive
system of belts, belt pulleys, belt drums and belt anchorages
3.3
stall torque (of an a.c. motor)
maximum steady-state asynchrony torque which the motor develops without an abrupt drop in speed, when the
motor is supplied at the rated voltage and frequency
3.4
chain drive
system of fine tolerance steel link chains, roller chains, driven and non-driven chain wheels and chain anchorages
3.5
working coefficient for ropes, chains and belts
ratio between the minimum breaking force and the static rated tensile force
3.6
direct control
main power circuit is directly controlled by the hand controlled actuator without additional means between the
actuator and the main power circuit
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
12
3.7
fleet angle
angle or - or + , see the following figure:
Key
= fleet angle on the pulley
- or + = fleet angle on the drum
= angle of the grooves on the drum
Figure 1 fleet angle
On drums without grooves, the fleet angle is the angle between the rope axis and a line drawn perpendicular to the
axis of the drum
3.8
force transmission
two or more connected parts which transmit forces
3.9
hoist
machines for lifting and lowering suspended loads over predetermined distances, with or without trolleys, using
different hoist media
NOTE For examples see Annex A.
3.10
hoist load m
H
load which includes all the masses of a load equal to the rated capacity of the hoist, the hoist medium and the fixed
load lifting attachments, e.g. hooks, grabs, magnets, lifting beams, vacuum lifters
3.11
hoist medium
part of the hoist and is either rope, belt, steel link chain or roller chain
3.12
hydraulic components
elements (e.g. switches, valves, filters) interconnected and forming an operational hydraulic system
3.13
hydraulic overpressure
pressure exceeding the rated pressure or dynamic pressure
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
13
3.14
hydraulic systems
definition in ISO 5598 applies
3.15
rated pressure
pressure in hydraulical or pneumatical systems at which the component is intended to operate for a number of
repetitions sufficient to assure adequate service life
3.16
hydraulic transmission (energy and signal)
supply, control and distribution of energy by means of pressurized fluid
3.17
indirect control
main power circuit is controlled by additional means between the hand controlled actuator and the main power
circuit
3.18
maximum speed
maximum of all speeds in hoisting or lowering direction
NOTE For inverter driven hoists this speed can occur at the maximum frequency but with a load smaller than the rated
capacity of the hoist.
3.19
NGL building hoist
Non Guided Load (NGL) building hoist
multi layer rope drum hoist with a rated capacity of up to 500 kg characterised by frequent temporary installation on
the construction site by the use of interchangeable supporting structures matching with the hoists frame
3.20
power source
energy to drive the prime mover of a hoist, e.g. electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic
3.21
rated capacity
a) in the case of a crane:
load(s) that the crane is designed to lift for a given operating condition (e.g. configuration, position of the load);
b) in the case of a hoist:
load that the hoist is designed to lift
3.22
rated capacity limiter
device that automatically prevents the hoist from handling loads in excess of its rated capacity, taking into account
the dynamic effects during normal operational use. This can be achieved by limiting the force flow (direct acting
rated capacity limiter) or by switching off the energy supply to the lifting drive and stopping the lifting movement
(indirect acting rated capacity limiter)
3.23
rated hoisting speed
linear speed of the load when lifting the rated capacity of the hoist:
in case of electric motors, at rated voltage and rated frequency as indicated on the nameplate;
in case of hydraulic motors, at rated flow as indicated on the nameplate;
in case of pneumatic motors, at rated pressure as indicated on the nameplate.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
14
For rope hoists, the speed at the lowest rope-layer on the drum.
For NGL building hoists, the average hoisting speed for the declared vertical path
3.24
rated lowering speed
linear speed of the load when lowering the rated capacity of the hoist:
in case of electric motors, at rated voltage and rated frequency as indicated on the nameplate;
in case of hydraulic motors, at rated flow as indicated on the nameplate;
in case of pneumatic motors, at rated pressure as indicated on the nameplate.
For rope hoists, the speed at the lowest rope-layer on the drum.
For NGL building hoists the average lowering speed for the declared vertical path
3.25
rope anchorage
arrangement comprising the parts which connect the rope end termination to the major load bearing structure, e.g.
pins, bolts, compensating levers, tension rods
NOTE This does not include the rope fastening on the rope drum.
3.26
rope drive
system of ropes running on rope drums and over rope sheaves, compensation sheaves and rope attachment parts
3.27
compensating sheave
sheave which performs the compensating lever function in a single rope system. The amount of compensation is
not limited by the movement of the sheave
3.28
rope end termination
arrangement that has direct contact with the rope in order to allows its connection to e.g. rope anchorage and hook
3.29
rope fastening on the rope drum
all parts with which the rope is fastened on the rope drum
4 List of significant hazards
Table 1 shows a list of significant hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to
persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. It also contains the relevant clauses in this standard that are
necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with those hazards.
The significant hazards are based upon EN 1050.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
15
Table 1 List of significant hazards and associated requirements
Hazards
Relevant clause(s) in this
European Standard
NOTE 1 The numbering of hazards follows Annex A of
EN 1050:1996.
NOTE 2 n.a.: considered during hazard analysis and decided to
be not significant.
1 Mechanical hazards due to:
machine parts or workpieces, e.g.:
a) shape;
b) relative location;
c) mass and stability (potential energy of elements which may
move under the effect of gravity);
d) mass and velocity (kinetic energy of elements in controlled or
uncontrolled motion);
e) inadequacy of mechanical strength
5.1, 5.12.3
n.a.
5.1, F.5
5.4, 5.12.2, 5.12.4
5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9,
F.5
accumulation of energy inside the machinery, e.g.:
a) elastic elements (springs);
b) liquids and gases under pressure;
the effect of vacuum
5.4
5.10, 5.11
5.11.4.3
1.1 Crushing hazard 5.1, 5.7.2, 5.7.4, 5.12.3, F.4.1
1.2 Shearing hazard 5.1, F.4.1
1.3 Cutting or severing hazard 5.1, 5.8.3, F.4.1
1.4 Entanglement hazard 5.1, 5.7.2, 5.7.4, 5.8.3
1.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5.1, 5.7.2, 5.7.4, 5.8.3
1.6 Impact hazard 5.1, 5.8.2, F.1
1.7 Stabbing or puncture hazard 5.1, F.4.1
1.8 Friction or abrasion hazard 5.1, 5.7.2, 5.7.4, 5.8.1
1.9 High pressure fluid injection or ejection hazard 5.11.4.2, 5.11.5, 5.11.6.3
2 Electrical hazards due to:
2.1 Contact of persons with live parts (direct contact) 5.2.1, 5.13, 5.13.4
2.2 Contact of persons with parts which have become live under
faulty conditions (indirect contact)
5.2.1, 5.13, 5.13.4
2.3 Approach to live parts under high voltage 5.13.1
2.4 Electrostatic phenomena 5.13
2.5 Thermal radiation or other phenomena such as the projection
of molten particles and chemical effects from short circuits,
overloads etc.
5.13
3 Thermal hazards, resulting in:
3.1 Burns, scalds and other injuries by a possible contact of
persons with objects or materials with an extreme high or low
temperature, by flames or explosions and also by the
radiation of heat sources
5.1, 5.11.6.5
5.11.6.6, 5.15
3.2 Damage to health by hot or cold working environment
n.a.
4 Hazards generated by noise, resulting in:
4.1 Hearing loss (deafness), other physiological disorders (e.g.
loss of balance, loss of awareness)
5.14, 7.2, Annex K
4.2 Interference with speech communication, acoustic signals
etc.
5.14, Annex K
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
16
Hazards
European Standard
5 Hazards generated by vibration due to:
5.1 Use of hand-held machines resulting in a variety of
neurological and vascular disorders
n.a.
5.2 Whole body vibration, particularly when combined with poor
postures
n.a.
6 Hazards generated by radiation due to:
6.1 Low frequency, radio frequency radiation, micro waves
n.a.
6.2 Infrared, visible and ultraviolet light
n.a.
6.3 X and gamma rays
n.a.
6.4 Alpha, beta rays, electron or ion beams; neutrons
n.a.
6.5 Lasers
n.a.
7 Hazards generated by materials and substances (and
their constituent elements) processed or used by the
machinery due to:
7.1 Hazards from contact with or inhalation of harmful fluids,
gases, mists, fumes, and dusts
5.9.2
7.2 Fire or explosion hazard
Annex B, 5.11.6.5, 5.11.6.6,
5.15, Annex C
7.3 Biological or microbiological (viral or bacterial) hazards
n.a
8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles
in machinery design as, e.g. hazards from:
8.1 Unhealthy postures of excessive effort
5.2.1, F.4.3
8.2 Inadequate consideration of hand-arm or foot-leg anatomy
n.a.
8.3 Neglected use of personal protection equipment
n.a.
8.4 Inadequate local lighting
7
8.5 Mental overload and under-load, stress
n.a.
8.6 Human error, human behaviour
5.2.1
8.7 Inadequate design, location or identification of manual
controls
5.2.1, 5.13
8.8 Inadequate design or location of visual display units
5.2.1, 5.13
9 Combination of hazards
10 Unexpected start-up, unexpected overrun/overspeed (or
any similar malfunction) from:
10.1 Failure/disorder of the control system
5.2.1, 5.2.3, 5.2.5, 5.4, 5.10.3,
5.10.4, 5.10.5.1, 5.11.6.1,
5.11.6.2, 5.12.2, 5.13.4, 5.13.7,
5.13.8.2
10.2 Restoration of energy supply after an interruption
5.2.1, 5.2.3, 5.10.5.1, 5.13
10.3 External influences on electrical equipment
5.12.2, 5.13
10.4 Other external influences (gravity, wind etc.)
5.4, 5.12.4, F.5
10.5 Errors in the software
5.2.5, 5.13
10.6 Errors made by the operator (due to mismatch of machinery
with human characteristics and abilities, see 8.6)
n.a.
11 Impossibility of stopping the machine in the best
possible conditions
5.2.1, 5.2.3, 5.10.5.1, 5.10.5.2,
5.11.6.1, 5.12.2, 5.13.4, 5.13.7
12 Variations in the rotational speed of tools
n.a.
13 Failure of the power supply
5.4, 5.10.2.2, 5.11.6.2, 5.12.2,
5.13
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
17
Hazards
European Standard
14 Failure of the control circuit
5.2.1, 5.2.3, 5.2.5, 5.4, 5.10.3,
5.10.5.1, 5.11.5, 5.11.6.1,
5.12.2. 5.13
15 Errors of fitting
5.12.4, 5.13, 7, F.4.1, F.4.2, F.6
16 Break-up during operation
5.1, 5.4, 5.5, 5.7.9, 5.8.4, 5.9.2
17 Falling or ejected objects or fluids
5.12.4, F.4.1
18 Loss of stability /overturning of machinery
F.4.1, F.5
19 Slip, trip and fall of persons (related to machinery)
F.4.1
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to mobility
20 Relating to the travelling function:
20.1 Movement when starting the engine
n.a.
20.2 Movement without a driver at the driving position
5.2.1
20.3 Movement without all parts in a safe position
5.2.1
20.4 Excessive speed of pedestrian controlled machinery
n.a.
20.5 Excessive oscillations when moving
n.a.
20.6 Insufficient ability of machinery to be slowed down, stopped
and immobilised
5.2.1, 5.2.3, 5.10.3, 5.11.5
21 Linked to the work position (including driving
station) on the machine due to:
21.1 Fall of persons during access to (or at/from) the work position
n.a.
21.2 Exhaust gases/lack of oxygen at the work position
n.a.
21.3 Fire (flammability of the cab, lack of extinguishing means)
n.a.
21.4 Mechanical hazards at the work position:
a) contact with the wheels;
b) rollover;
c) fall of objects, penetration by objects;
d) break-up of parts rotating at high speed;
contact of persons with machine parts or tools (pedestrian
controlled machines).
n.a.
21.5 Insufficient visibility from the work positions n.a.
21.6 Inadequate lighting n.a.
21.7 Inadequate seating n.a.
21.8 Noise at the work position 5.14, Annex K
21.9 Vibration at the work position n.a.
21.10 Insufficient means for evacuation/emergency exit n.a.
22 Due to the control system:
22.1 Inadequate location of manual controls 5.2.1, 5.13
22.2 Inadequate design of manual controls and their mode of
operation
5.2.1, 5.10.3, 5.10.4, 5.11.5,
5.11.6.1, 5.13
23 From handling the machine (lack of stability) 5.1
24 Due to the power source and to the transmission of
power:
24.1 Hazards from the engine and the batteries n.a.
24.2 Hazards from transmission of power between machines n.a.
24.3 Hazards from coupling and towing n.a.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
18
Hazards
European Standard
25 From/to third persons due to:
25.1 Unauthorised start-up/use 5.2.1
25.2 Drift of a part away from its stopping position 5.12.2
25.3 Lack or inadequacy of visual or acoustic warning means n.a.
26 Insufficient instructions for the driver/operator 7
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to lifting
27 Mechanical hazards and hazardous events:
27.1 From load falls, collisions, machine tipping caused by:
27.1.1 Lack of stability 5.1, F 4.1, F.5,
27.1.2 Uncontrolled loading overloading overturning moments
exceeded
5.2.2, 5.11.3, F.1, F.4.1
27.1.3 Uncontrolled amplitude of movements 5.2.1, 5.2.4, 5.4, 5.13.8.2, F.4
27.1.4 Unexpected/unintended movement of loads 5.2.1, 5.2.2.3, 5.4, 5.10.2.2,
5.11.3, 5.11.6.2, 5.13.8.2, F.4.1
27.1.5 Inadequate holding devices/accessories 5.1, 5.6, 5.7.6, 5.7.9, 5.8.4,
5.9.4, 5.9.5, F.4.1
27.1.6 Collision of more than one machine n.a.
27.2 From access of persons to load support n.a.
27.3 From derailment 5.12.4, F.4.1
27.4 From insufficient mechanical strength of parts 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.7, 5.8,
5.9, 5.11.4.1, 5.11.4.2, 5.12.1,
F.5
27.5 From inadequate design of pulleys, drums 5.7.1, 5.7.2, 5.7.4, 5.7.5, 5.7.6,
5.9.1, 5.9.3, 5.9.4
27.6 From inadequate selection of chains, ropes, lifting and
accessories and their inadequate integration into the
machine
5.7, 5.8, 5.9
27.7 From lowering of the load under the control of friction brake 5.4
27.8 From abnormal conditions of
assembly/testing/use/maintenance
7, F.4.1
27.9 From the effect of load on persons (impact by load or
counterweight)
5.2.1, 5.12.2, 7, F.4.1
28 Electrical hazards
28.1 From lightning 5.13
29 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles n.a.
29.1 Insufficient visibility from the driving position 7
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to underground work
30 Mechanical hazards and hazardous events due to:
30.1 Lack of stability of powered roof supports n.a.
30.2 Failing accelerator or brake control of machinery running on
rails
5.2.1, 5.12.2
30.3 Failing or lack of dead man's control of machinery running on
rails
5.2.1, 5.2.3, 5.3, 5.10.4
31 Restricted movement of persons n.a.
32 Fire and explosion n.a.
33 Emission of dust, gases etc. n.a.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
19
Hazards
European Standard
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to the lifting or moving of
persons
34 Mechanical hazards and hazardous events due to:
34.1 Inadequate mechanical strength - inadequate working
coefficients
n.a.
34.2 Failing of loading control n.a.
34.3 Failing of controls in person carrier (function, priority) n.a.
34.4 Overspeed of person carrier n.a.
35 Falling of person from person carrier n.a.
36 Falling or overturning of person carrier n.a.
37 Human error, human behaviour n.a.
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
5.1 General
Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and or protective measures of this clause. In addition, the
machinery shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100 for hazards relevant but not significant,
which are not dealt with by this European Standard. Hoists shall be classified in groups of mechanism in
accordance with ISO 4301-1 according to the operational requirements and conditions of application.
Hoists shall be designed in accordance with FEM 1.001, booklets 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9 and FEM 9.901.
NOTE For the calculation, European Standards are under preparation, see in particular EN 13001-1, EN 13001-2 and
CEN/TS 13001-3-1. As soon as these have been published as EN, CEN/TC 147/WGP 7 will check to see how to update this
European Standard and to make reference to these European Standards.
The test procedure for verification of the classification of power driven series hoists shall be in accordance with
Annex G. Hoists and trolleys shall be designed taking into account the static and dynamic forces which may occur
at intended use. Forces which occur due to the activation of the rated capacity limiter and the emergency stop
device shall be taken into account. Accessible parts shall not have sharp edges, sharp angles or protruding parts
that can cause injury. This can be achieved by e.g. deburring, flanging, trimming, sand blasting.
Connections and individual components of hoists shall incorporate features so that they cannot self-loosen.
Moving transmission parts (shafts, fans, wheels, gears, belts, couplings) shall be designed, positioned or guarded
in order to protect against the risks associated with possible contact of exposed persons during the intended use.
Risk of burn during hoisting operation caused by contact between the operator's skin and hot surfaces of the hoist
shall be reduced by following the principles of EN ISO 13732-1.
Additional requirements for certain applications are as follows:
a) hoists shall be in accordance with Annex B when transporting hot molten masses;
b) supporting-structures for NGL building hoists shall be in accordance with Annex F.
Information for certain applications are given by:
c) hoists should be in accordance with Annex D when operating in aggressive environments and outdoors;
d) hoists should be in accordance with Annex E when operating at low temperatures.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
20
5.2 Devices
5.2.1 Control devices
Devices for starting and stopping manually-controlled hoists shall be fitted with hold-to-run control elements so that
the drive energy supply is interrupted when the actuating elements are released.
Actuating elements of control devices shall incorporate features that prevent unintentional operation or not wanted
movements of the load (see EN 13557:2003, 5.2.3.1.2). Actuating elements of control devices shall incorporate
features and be arranged and marked in such a way that their assignments, direction of operation and switching
state are unmistakably recognisable.
5.2.2 Rated capacity limiters and indicators
5.2.2.1 General
Hoists with a rated capacity of 1 000 kg or more shall be fitted with a rated capacity limiter.
The rated capacity limiter shall be designed to prevent overloading of the hoist and the trolley. It shall also limit the
forces transmitted to the supporting structure, which are to be provided by the manufacturer (see 7.2). Overloading
means exceeding the designed operating forces.
NOTE A rated capacity limiter may also be incorporated within the supporting structure into which a hoist is fitted.
Rated capacity limiters shall be in accordance with EN 12077-2.
Rated capacity limiters shall operate to override the controls of the hoist as required in EN 12077-2:1998, 5.4.2.1.
This requirement can be fulfilled either by direct acting rated capacity limiter or by indirect acting rated capacity
limiter.
For hoists for which the rated capacity does not vary with the position of the load the risk assessment shows that
no hazard occurs from the load when the rated capacity limiter was triggered. These hoists do therefore not require
rated capacity indicators as defined in EN 12077-2.
5.2.2.2 Setting
5.2.2.2.1 General
The rated capacity limiter shall limit the forces to a level equal to or less than the designed operating forces (as
defined in EN 12077-2:1998, 5.4.1.2).
5.2.2.2.2 Direct acting rated capacity limiters
The setting shall be such that a load equal to 110 % of the rated capacity of the hoist can be lifted in order to
perform the dynamic overload test, see Clause 6, this without changing the setting of the rated capacity limiter.
With this setting a load exceeding (
RC
m multiplied by
DAL
) shall not be lifted. This load shall not exceed 160 % of
the rated capacity of the hoist.
NOTE
DAL
and
RC
m see 5.2.2.3.2.
5.2.2.2.3 Indirect acting rated capacity limiters
The setting shall be such that a load exceeding the rated capacity of the hoist multiplied by the triggering-factor
shall trigger the limiter (Load >
RC
m ). The triggering-factor shall be less or equal to 1,25 ( 1,25). A load
greater of 125 % than the rated capacity of the hoist shall not be lifted over a distance greater than the maximum
rated hoisting speed multiplied by 1 s.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
21
NOTE The triggering-factor corresponds with , 5.2.2.3.3.
5.2.2.3 Maximum force
5.2.2.3.1 General
The maximum force
L
F
max,
occurs when the rated capacity limiter operates and the load has not left the ground.
The maximum force, which applies to the hoist and the trolley when the rated capacity limiter has operated, shall be
calculated by
( ) g m m m F
RC H RC L L
+ = ) (
max,
(1)
where
L
F
max,
is the maximum force [N];
L
is the force-limit factor [-];
H
m is the hoist load [kg];
RC
m is the rated capacity of the hoist [kg];
g is the acceleration due to gravity (9,81) [m/s
2
].
The force-limit factor
L
depends on the type of limiter:
DAL L
= in case of direct acting limiter (see 5.2.2.3.2).
IAL L
= in case of indirect acting limiter (see 5.2.2.3.3).
The maximum force
L
F
max,
shall be assigned for the hoist to load combination C 1, Table 10, in EN 13001-2:2004.
In this context a calculation shall be carried out to establish whether these effects or the conditions of the load
combination C 1 according to Table 3 in EN 13001-2:2004 are significant.
The mass of the hoist medium can be neglected if it is less than 5 % of the rated capacity of the hoist plus the mass
of the fixed load lifting attachments.
5.2.2.3.2 Direct acting rated capacity limiters
Direct acting rated capacity limiters act directly in the chain of drive elements and limit the transmitted force. Those
limiters are for example friction torque limiters and pressure limiting valves. Direct acting rated capacity limiters
generally have no response delay and require no braking path.
The most frequently used limiters for direct limitation are friction torque limiters, which are set to the force limit:
( ) g m m m F
RC H RC DAL Lim
+ = (2)
where
Lim
F is the force limit [N];
DAL
is the force-limit factor for direct acting rating capacity limiters [-];
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
22
RC
H
2
].
For friction torque limiters, the factor
DAL
shall be less than or equal to 1,6.
On hydraulically acting rated capacity limiters (e.g. pressure relief valves), the factor
DAL
shall be less than or
equal to 1,4. On pneumatically acting rated capacity limiters, the factor
DAL
shall be less or equal 1,6.
For direct acting rated capacity limiters the maximal force
L
F
max,
as defined in Equation (1) is equal to the force limit
Lim
F in Equation (2):
Lim L
F F =
max,
(3)
where
L
F
max,
Lim
F is the force limit [N].
5.2.2.3.3 Indirect acting rated capacity limiters
Indirect acting rated capacity limiters measure the transmitted force using a sensor and switch off the energy
supply for the lifting operation and, if required, apply the brake torque. The force when the limiter starts operating is
called the triggering-force. Evaluation of that force and filtering of interference signals require time and act as a
switch-off-delay. This delay is called response-time. After the response-time the limiter switches off the energy-
supply.
The triggering-force shall be calculated by:
( ) ( ) g m m m F
RC H RC trig
+ = (4)
where
trig
F is the triggering-force [N];
is the triggering-factor [-];
RC
H
2
].
The triggering-factor includes the maximum tolerance of the limiter, resulting from its design and construction.
The factor
IAL
for indirect acting rated capacity limiters shall be calculated as follows:
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
23
( ) g m
t
t v C
RC
bt
IAL h
IAL

+
+ =
2
(5)
where
IAL
is the force limit factor for indirect acting rated capacity limiters [-];
h
v is the hoisting speed [m/s]. The appropriate speed shall be selected from Table 2;
RC
C is the rigidity of the hoist, hoist medium and the supporting structure [N/m];
IAL
t is the time lapse after attaining load level
RC
m to when actual motion braking commences
[s];
bt
t is the motion braking time affected by the combined hoist medium tension and brake torque [s];
2
].
When the rigidity of the supporting structure is unknown at the hoist design stage, it shall be assumed to be rigid.
The rigidity of the hoist medium can be calculated by the following equation:
H
rm
med
l
n C
C

= (6)
where
med
C is the rigidity of the hoist medium [N/m];
rm
C is the rigidity per meter of a rope, respectively chain, respectively belt [N];
n is the number of load bearing ropes, chains, belts [-];
H
l is the hook path [m].
For indirect acting rated capacity limiters the maximum force
L
F
max,
as defined in Equation (1) is not equal to the
triggering-force F
trig
in Equation (4).
The maximum force
L
F
max,
, as defined in Equation (1) shall be evaluated by
( ) g m m m F
RC H RC IAL L
+ =
max,
(7)
where
L
F
max,
IAL
is the force limit factor for indirect acting rated capacity limiters;
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
24
RC
H
2
].
Table 2 Values for
h
v for estimation of
IAL
Type of hoist drive and its operating method

Hoisting speed
HD 1 HD 2 HD 3 HD 4 HD 5
h
v
r h
v
, r h
v
, cs h
v
, r h
v
, pc h
v
,
where
HD 1 hoist drive cannot be operated with creep speed;
HD 2 a steady creep speed of the hoist drive can be selected by the crane driver;
HD 3 hoist drive control system ensures the use of a steady creep speed until the load is lifted from the
ground;
HD 4 a step-less variable speed control can be operated by the crane driver;
HD 5 after pre-stressing the hoist medium a step-less variable speed control is provided by the drive
control system independent of the crane driver;
r h
v
,
is the rated hoisting speed in cases HD 1, HD 2 and HD 4;
cs h
v
,
is the steady hoisting creep speed in case of HD 3;
pc h
v
,
is the minimum creep speed in case of HD 5.
Indicative values of
L
for different types of rated capacity limiters are given in Annex I.
5.2.2.4 Additional requirements for friction torque limiters
Friction torque limiters used as rated capacity limiters shall be such that, when triggered, the torque which can be
transmitted over a period of time of 60 s shall not exceed the maximum value specified by the manufacturer, and
the lifting force shall be sufficient to hold a load equal to the rated capacity of the hoist in the lifting motion and
when the motor is at standstill. After this period of time of 60 s, the rated capacity of the hoist may lower at an
average speed of not more than half the rated lowering speed whilst the motor is operated upwards; in this case,
this speed is determined over a distance of at least 3 m.
5.2.3 Emergency stop function
Hoists shall be provided with an emergency stop function.
Electrically powered hoists shall be in accordance with 5.13.7, pneumatically powered hoists shall be in accordance
with 5.10.5.1 and hydraulically powered hoists shall be in accordance with 5.11.6.1.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
25
5.2.4 Hoisting and lowering limiters
5.2.4.1 General
Hoists shall be fitted with hoisting and lowering limiters in accordance with EN 12077-2:1998, 5.6.1.
NOTE Hoisting and lowering limiters include, for example, electrical limit switches, adjustable friction torque limiters, relief
valves.
Friction torque limiters used as hoisting and lowering limiters shall fulfil the requirements of 5.2.2.4.
The following prescriptions shall apply in addition to those stated in EN 12077-2.
Electrical limiters shall have a positive opening system.
After operation of a limiter, it shall be ensured that the limiter does not return to its original position until the
corresponding restricted area has been left by the actuating part.
The lowering limiter shall ensure that the minimum engagement of the lifting medium is maintained at all times
during operation. The lowering limiter shall also stop the motion to prevent unwanted coiling in the reverse
direction.
5.2.4.2 Second limiter (= backup limiter) for hoisting
For normal operation a second limiter, as defined in EN 12077-2:1998, 5.6.1.4, is not necessary.
A risk assessment based on the particular application may result in the need of a second limiter for certain motions.
This second limiter shall not be approached during normal operation, whereas the first limiter can be approached
during normal operation.
NOTE Based upon the risk assessment, a second limiter may be necessary, for example when the hoisting limiter is
activated with regularity and this limiter is not designed for regularity.
Following operation of the second limiter, a restart shall only be possible by a reset action, e.g. by using a key-
lockable hold-to-run control on the control stand, manual reset button on the hoist. The indication of a failure of the
first limiter, as required in EN 12077-2:1998, 5.6.1.4, is, that a reset action is necessary, after the second limiter
has been triggered.
Following operation of the second limiter, a restart shall only be possible into the opposite direction. Indication and
reset action are not necessary, if the second limiter is a friction torque limiter designed to accommodate the
movement energy.
5.2.5 Categories of controls
All safety related parts of controls shall fulfil at least the following categories of EN 954-1:
control circuits built with electromechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic components: category 1;
safety related parts of controls which are realised electronically: category 2.
Safety related parts of control are e.g:
a) control devices see 5.2.1;
b) rated capacity limiters see 5.2.2;
c) emergency stop device see 5.2.3;
d) hoisting and lowering limiters see 5.2.4;
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
26
e) control devices/controls (pneumatic) see 5.10.3;
f) control units/control systems (pneumatic) see 5.10.4;
g) protective measures (pneumatic) see 5.10.5;
h) control devices/controls (hydraulic) see 5.11.5;
i) protective measures (hydraulic) see 5.11.6;
j) power feed isolating and switching devices see 5.13.4.
The stop function of cable-less control systems, as mentioned in EN 13557:2003, Annex C, 3.1 shall conform with
category 3.
In the following two cases all safety related parts of controls, which are realised electronically shall at least fulfil
category 3:
a) lifting operations above pipes and tubes where the destruction of those pipes and tubes by a falling load can
cause the escape of combustible gases or fluids;
b) hoisting, lowering and travelling of hot molten masses or other goods with comparable hazards as defined in
Annex B.
5.3 Couplings
Couplings in the force flow for hoists, with the exception of friction torque limiters according to 5.2.2.4, shall be
constructed in such a way that if there is a failure of plastic parts or rubber parts there is a positive engagement,
e.g. by metal parts.
5.4 Brakes for hoisting and lowering movements
Hoists shall be designed in such a way that movements can be decelerated, the load can be held, and that
unintended movements are avoided. In addition the rotating masses, the triggering limit of the rated capacity limiter
and the maximum speed, e.g. in the event of a phase failure, shall be taken into account.
Brakes shall engage automatically in the following cases:
when
a) the control device returns to its neutral position;
b) the emergency stop function is activated;
c) the external power supply to the brake is interrupted;
d) the power supply of the corresponding drive (= motor) is interrupted or switched off.
In addition to letters a) to d),
in the case of 3-phase motors, brakes shall engage automatically when
e) two phases of the power supply of the corresponding drive (= motor) are interrupted.
NOTE If only one phase fails, see 5.13.8.2.
See also 5.13.8.2.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
27
With spring loaded brakes, brake springs shall be compression springs. They shall be guided. The coils of helical
springs shall not intertwine in the event of a wire break, so that the pre-stressing of the spring does not decrease in
an inadmissible way.
If the braking-force is supplied by pre-stressed springs, the failure of any spring in the braking system shall not
reduce the available braking torque by more than 20 %. This can be achieved, for example
by using at least 5 springs;
if less than 5 helical springs are used, they shall be dimensioned such, that the wire diameter is greater than
the distance between the windings in the working condition to prevent screwing in of the two spring parts in the
event of a wire break.
The requirements, "...The failure of any spring in the braking system shall not reduce the available braking torque
by more than 20 %..." (see above) is not relevant for holding brakes. Where brakes act solely as holding brakes
(also in the case of a fault occurring), the rated capacity of the hoist shall be held even if one spring breaks.
Brake linings shall be made of asbestos-free material. It shall be possible to check the wear of the brake linings.
It shall be possible to check, adjust and replace the brake or the brake linings, when required in the user manual.
The connection between brake lining and brake lining holder shall not permit unintentional release.
5.5 Gearbox
Gearboxes shall be dimensioned according to the hoist loads and classifications in groups of mechanisms.
Dimensioning can be for example according to FEM 9.901 or ISO 6336-1 and ISO 6336-2 and ISO 6336-5. The
type of connection shall not produce any impermissible stresses on the gears.
The gear reducer shall be supported and connected to the driving and driven mechanisms in such a way that no
impermissible and uncontrolled stresses or deformations are produced in the gears or bearings.
5.6 Load hooks
Hooks shall be designed in accordance with the state of the art.
NOTE Information is given in Annex H.
Hooks shall be such that the unintentional detachment of the load is prevented. This can be achieved by:
a safety device or
the shape of the hook.
Hooks equipped with a safety-latch fulfil these requirements.
5.7 Rope drives
5.7.1 General
Rope drives with steel wire ropes shall be classified and dimensioned in accordance with ISO 4308-1.
NOTE 1 For the calculation of rope drives, the European Standard CEN/TS 13001-3-2 is under preparation. As soon as this
standard has been published as EN, CEN/TC 147/WGP 7 will check to see how to update this European Standard and to make
reference to this European Standard.
The maximum value of the individual rope angles in the highest hook position shall be taken as the basis for
calculating the rope forces of multiple fall rope reeving arrangements. Additional rope forces need not be taken into
consideration in multiple fall rope reeving if all angles between single rope and the vertical are less than or equal
to 22,5.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
28
The fleet angle for grooved drums and rope sheaves should not exceed 4 for all ropes and 2 for rotation-resistant
rope.
NOTE 2 This is referring to ISO 4308-1 and also EN 13135-2.
The amount of lateral deflection of ropes from the groove direction of drums and rope pulleys shall be such that the
rope lead-off cannot come into contact with the tip of the groove section of the drum.
In case of grooved drums with single layer the rope lead-off shall not come into contact with adjacent windings.
In the case of rope sheaves, the amount of deflection shall only be such that the rope cannot come into contact
with the edge of the groove section.
5.7.2 Rope drum
It shall not be possible for ropes to run off the side of the rope drums.
NOTE Suitable measures on drums are for example, flanged drum end plates, frame/housing, or rope guides.
Flanged drum end plates shall protrude beyond the rope wound on the drum at the top layer by at least 1,5 x the
nominal rope diameter.
Single layer drums shall be grooved. Grooving shall be smooth and free from surface defects liable to damage the
rope. The edges shall be rounded. These grooves shall have a radius of (0,525 to 0,56) x nominal rope diameter.
The rope groove depth shall be between 0,28 and 0,45 of the nominal rope diameter. The groove pitch shall
provide sufficient clearance between adjacent rope turns on the drum, taking into account the rope tolerance.
The fixing point of the rope shall be easily accessible for maintenance and replacement of the rope.
Rope run-on points in the normal working position of the operating personnel and in the traffic area shall be
guarded to prevent accidental ingress of parts of the human body.
For NGL building hoists, having more than one layer of rope on the drum and where the rope has a nominal
diameter 8 mm, a grooved drum is not necessary.
5.7.3 Ropes
Ropes used as hoist medium in rope drives shall be selected for the particular application and be made of suitable
materials so that they withstand the permissible stresses and are rated for a period of service that exceeds the
inspection interval specified by the manufacturer.
In the case of a load suspended by a single-fall rope drive and not guided, rotation resistant ropes shall be used.
Discard criteria shall be recognisable from the outside. Discard criteria are described in ISO 4309.
Rope ends shall be made in such a way that the rope structure does not become detached.
For multilayered NGL building hoists where the nominal rope diameter is 8 mm, the working coefficient shall be at
least 5.
Ropes manufactured from material other than steel shall only be used if the wear conditions are known and the
discard criteria are recognisable, in this case at least the following safety requirements connected to the specific
application shall be considered:
fatigue;
environment;
structure of rope;
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
29
terminations;
elasticity and plasticity of the rope;
rope drum;
sheaves;
guides/rope runs;
fastening;
anchorage.
The working coefficient for ropes other than steel shall be a minimum of 7.
5.7.4 Rope sheaves
Rope sheaves shall be provided with a suitable means of preventing the rope from jumping out of the grooves (e.g.
when the rope is slack).
The distance between the edge of the sheave and the protective components shall be less than 0,5 x nominal rope
diameter.
If the rope sheave breaks, it shall not be possible for the rope to slip off the sheave shaft.
Rope grooves on rope sheaves should have a groove radius of (0,52 to 0,56) x nominal rope diameter. The
opening angle of the rope sheave shall be symmetrical and between 30 and 60. The depth of the grooves shall
not be less than 1,4 x nominal rope diameter.
In the working and traffic area, rope run-on points on bottom blocks shall, as far as technically possible, have
features that prevent accidental ingress of parts of the human body.
NOTE Features may be e.g. handles, seizable hand gripping form (beads), covers.
5.7.5 Rope guides/rope runs
Rope drives shall be arranged in such a way that damage to the ropes by contact between them and with fixed and
moving structures is prevented.
Ropes shall be prevented in case of slack rope conditions from lifting off the rope winding and generate dangerous
conditions during the intended use.
NOTE Slack rope situation caused by putting the load onto the floor and simultaneous and continuing movement into the
direction lowering is not intended use.
Maximum deflection of ropes shall be such that the unwinding rope may not make contact with the neighbouring
rope of the completely wound drum end, or impact the groove edge of the empty drum end, always considering the
direction of the grooves of the drum, the groove shape and the rope construction (non-rotating, rotating).
5.7.6 Rope fastening onto the rope drum
Rope fastening onto the rope drum shall be made in such a way that at least 2,5 times the remaining static force at
the fastening device is accommodated when the rated capacity of the hoist is applied to the hoist taking into
account the friction effect of the winding on the drum. The coefficient of friction between wire rope and contact
surface shall be assumed to be = 0,1.
There shall be at least two rope windings remaining on the drum before the fixing point of the rope.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
30
The fastening elements of the fixing point of the rope shall be selected taking into account the rope and drum
contours. The rope shall not be led over edges.
5.7.7 Rope anchorage
Rope anchorage shall be such that bending of the rope and other additional stresses on the wire rope are avoided.
With wire ropes which are not of the rotation resistant type, the rope anchorage shall be made in such a way that it
is not possible for the wire rope to twist about its longitudinal axis.
Anchorages on the rope shall resist 2,5 times the static rope force resulting from the rated capacity of the hoist
without permanent deformation.
5.7.8 Compensating lever
If a compensating lever is used in place of a compensating sheave, the compensating paths shall be such that the
length differences between the two ropes in the rope drive can be adjusted when the lever adopts an impermissible
inclined position.
The compensating lever shall be fitted with a travel limitation device.
In the case of redundant rope drives, the compensating lever shall be fitted with damping devices that minimize the
impact forces if a rope breaks.
5.7.9 Rope end terminations
The following devices shall be used as rope end terminations:
a) asymmetric wedge socket clevis. This device shall be in accordance with EN 13411-6;
b) symmetric wedge socket clevis. This method of socketing shall be used only for rope diameters up to 8 mm. It
shall be in accordance with EN 13411-7;
c) metal and resin socketing. This device shall be in accordance with EN 13411-4;
d) wire rope clamps and clamping in accordance with EN 13411-3.
If not otherwise specified in the above mentioned European Standards, the rope-end terminations shall withstand a
force of at least 85 % of the minimum breaking force of the rope without rupture.
Wire rope grips and rope eyes in conjunction with wire rope grips shall not be used as rope-end terminations.
5.8 Chain drives
5.8.1 General
Calculations for chain drives with short steel link chains shall be made in accordance with EN 818-1 and with
EN 818-7.
The components of the chain drive (i.e. chain, chain drive sprockets, chain wheels and chain guides) shall match
each other in terms of dimensions and materials. With the manufacturer's planned lubrication, chains shall be ready
for discarding due to wear before fatigue rupture.
Chain drive sprockets shall be made in one or two piece(s); in the case of two-piece chain sprockets, the
arrangement of the two halves shall have positive engagement.
5.8.2 Chains
Short steel link chains shall be in accordance with EN 818-7.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
31
For roller chains identification marks shall be placed at least every 80 links on the chain for traceability-purposes.
The geometry of roller chains shall be in accordance with ISO 606. The working coefficient for roller chains shall be
at least 6.
5.8.3 Chain guides
Chain drives shall be provided with a device which ensures that the chain runs properly over chain drive sprockets
and chain guide wheels and which prevents the chain from jumping out, twisting and jamming.
In the working and transport zone, chain run-in points (for round steel and roller chains) on chain wheels and
sprockets shall incorporate features which prevent manual ingress.
5.8.4 Chain anchorage
Chain anchorage devices shall withstand four times the static chain tensile force at rated capacity of the hoist
without rupture.
Threaded connections on chain anchorage devices shall be locked to prevent self-loosening. The state of the
fastening shall be verifiable.
5.8.5 Securing the chain from running off
The unloaded end of the chain shall be secured against running off the chain sprocket. This safety arrangement
shall withstand the forces that occur when the end position is approached.
5.9 Belt drives
5.9.1 General
The drive shall be such that the belt is subject to uniform loading over its entire width under load conditions.
5.9.2 Belts
Belts used as load-bearing media in hoists shall be selected for the particular operating conditions, be made of
materials such that they withstand the permissible stresses, and shall be rated for a period of service exceeding
that specified by the manufacturer. Discard criteria shall be externally recognisable. A sufficient period of service
shall remain between readiness for discarding and rupture.
The materials of the belt shall be such that:
a) environmental influences do not result in premature failure;
b) damage caused by sharp edges or temperature influences do not lead to sudden failure of the belt;
c) contact with the belt does not constitute a danger of injury due to the type of belt.
The working coefficient shall not be less than 5 for belts with a metallic inlay or not less than 7 for belts without
metallic inlay.
5.9.3 Belt guide/belt pulleys/belt drum
The ratio of belt sheave and drum diameter to the rated belt thickness shall not be less than 18 (D/s 18).
If a slack belt situation is possible, provisions shall be made to ensure tight winding of the belt. It shall be ensured
that the belt is not able to run off the side of the pulley or drum. Rims shall be such that they do not damage the
belt which runs against them.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
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If an inclined pull is possible, measures shall be taken to avoid excessive loading in the edge zones, e.g. moveable
suspension of the lifting appliance.
5.9.4 Fastening to the drum
Belt drums shall incorporate features so that the belt can be securely attached to them without damage or bending.
Belt fastening onto the belt drum shall be made in such a way that at least 2,5 times the remaining static force at
the fastening device is accommodated when the rated capacity is applied to the hoist taking into account the
friction effect of the winding on the drum. The specific friction values of the particular materials shall be considered
for calculation of the friction torque. It shall be assumed that lubricants are present on the materials.
A minimum of two windings shall always remain and the belt shall not be capable of being wound onto the drum in
the wrong direction.
5.9.5 Belt anchorage
Belt anchorage devices shall withstand four times the static belt tensile force at rated capacity of the hoist without
destruction of the anchorage and its fastening elements.
Threaded connections on belt anchorage devices shall be locked to prevent self-loosening. The state of the
fastening shall be verifiable.
5.10 Pneumatic equipment
5.10.1 General
Pneumatic equipment shall be in accordance with EN 983.
All components and materials of equipment shall be compatible and suitable for the anticipated ambient conditions.
Sufficient air pressure shall be available for all operating modes at any point of the equipment in order to fulfil all
functions. A loss in pressure shall not result in hazards.
NOTE Due to the pneumatic drive characteristics, significant differences of lowering and lifting speed may exist.
5.10.2 Energy converters
5.10.2.1 Motors
Motors shall not create additional hazards by heating up nor by icing up.
5.10.2.2 Brakes
Hoists using pneumatically released brakes shall be such that unexpected load lowering is prevented.
NOTE This requirement is fulfilled, for example, if the brake releases only, when the motor provides a sufficient moment for
holding the load or for controlling the load movement.
5.10.3 Control devices/controls
Control devices shall be selected so that no pressure and flow disturbances can occur and their level of
performance is kept.
Control devices shall be arranged in the control system so that no unintended movements can occur.
Control devices in control systems shall be selected and arranged in such a way that in the case of a power failure
switching positions are automatically reached by spring force, bringing the control into a neutral position. For direct-
controlled hoists this requirement applies only, when the actuators are released.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
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Controls shall be such, that increasing (decreasing) of the actuator-displacement provides increasing (decreasing)
of the speed of the load.
5.10.4 Control units/control systems
System reaction times as a function of control line lengths shall be reduced to a minimum.
Triggering of machine movements by venting control lines is not permissible.
Control equipment for starting pneumatically operated hoists shall automatically return to the neutral position after
being released.
Power valves shall have sufficient venting cross sections in their neutral position, to prevent malfunction of the
brake.
5.10.5 Protective measures
5.10.5.1 Emergency stop function
The emergency stop function shall conform to EN 418 with the following deviations.
The emergency stop function shall correspond to stop category 0 according to 4.1.5 of EN 418:1992.
The requirement in EN 418:1992, 4.1.12, according to which the resetting of the "Emergency stop" shall not be
permitted to initiate restarting does not apply for hand controlled hoists according to 5.2.1 of this European
Standard.
NOTE Restarting following resetting of the "Emergency stop" is excluded owing to the automatically resetting operating
elements. No hazard occurs in the particular case of an internal error, since the hoist is hand controlled.
In case of indirect control one of the following two requirements shall be fulfilled:
a) the emergency stop function shall interrupt the main air circuit via an additional main air valve; this valve shall
be designed so that sticking of that valve is prevented, or
b) main valve selection and a unit delivered with the hoist providing the required air quality (admissible dust,
admissible water content, oil content) to ensure that sticking of the main air valve is prevented.
NOTE Such a unit normally consists of filter, pressure regulator and oiler.
In case of direct control one of the following two requirements shall be fulfilled:
c) the emergency stop function shall interrupt directly the main air circuit, or
d) the actuating elements and the energy switching part of the hand control shall be positively connected. The
positive locking shall be designed in a way that the energy switching part can be returned by hand to a stable
neutral position.
Pull cord controls can be used, if they fulfil this requirement.
Apart from that, no further emergency stopping devices are required.
5.10.5.2 Pneumatic protection
Disconnection from the pressurised air supply shall not result in load dropping.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
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5.10.5.3 Mechanical protection
Moveable elements (e.g. cylinders) shall be arranged and/or covered so that hazards for persons or objects are
excluded.
5.10.5.4 Adjustable safety device
Those adjustable safety devices which can cause a hazardous situation, if their pre-set values are modified, shall
have means to prevent their readjustment by non-authorised persons. External devices shall have visible means,
such as:
a) lead-seals;
b) covers;
c) cups
which need to be destroyed before a readjustment can take place.
Visible means are not necessary, if special tools specified by the manufacturer of the adjustable safety device, shall
be used for readjustment.
5.11 Hydraulic equipment
5.11.1 General
Hydraulic equipment shall be in accordance with EN 982.
Hydraulic systems shall be such that only components and auxiliary materials are used which are compatible with
each other and ensure correct functioning under the anticipated environmental conditions (temperature, humidity).
5.11.2 Materials and auxiliary materials
Materials used, e.g. metals, elastomeric materials (e.g. pressure liquids, grease, coolant), shall be compatible with
each other.
Pressure liquids shall be selected so that under the given operating conditions, leakage and its effects are
minimized.
The composition of the liquids shall be so that it is not hazardous to the operating personnel of the hoist.
If there is a possibility that the grease used can get into contact with the pressure liquid, it shall be compatible with
the pressure liquid.
Elastomeric, polyamid, caoutchouc etc. material is used for static and dynamic seals, flexible and semi rigid lines
and for coating several components (containers, reservoirs). These materials shall be compatible with the other
materials of components and systems and shall withstand the system pressures.
5.11.3 Energy converters
5.11.3.1 Cylinders
The piston and the piston rod shall be connected to each other so that they cannot detach during operation.
Telescopic cylinders with two or more telescopic sections shall be such that the pistons cannot move out of the
cylinders.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
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The composition of the seals shall be selected so that they are compatible with the chemical composition of the
fluid used and shall continuously withstand the given operating temperature, rated pressure and rated speed,
without any impermissible leakage or extrusion.
If the strokes of cylinders are limited by mechanical limit stops, these shall be capable of withstanding all
operational forces.
5.11.3.2 Motors
For motors where internal leakage cannot be avoided, there shall be a device to ensure that the load is not moved
due to internal leakage. This requirement can be fulfilled for example by mechanical spring loaded brakes or by self
locking gears.
In all circumstances the pressure to the motor shall not be less than 1 bar in order to avoid vacuum in the motor.
5.11.4 Connecting elements and accessories
5.11.4.1 Tubing
Tubing shall be secured so that impermissible additional load (pressure, bending, temperature) does not occur
during operation, and wear and corrosion is avoided.
The connection to the energy converters shall be such that the transmission of vibration and noise is minimised.
5.11.4.2 Hoses
Hoses shall be fitted in such a way that no torsional strain occurs during assembling. The permissible bending
radius specified by the hose manufacturer shall be observed.
In order to avoid the risk of fatigue fracture of hoses, the installation requirements of the hose manufacturer shall be
fulfilled.
5.11.4.3 Reservoir
The reservoir shall be equipped with a fluid-level gauge. The reservoir size shall be selected so that the fluid cannot
overflow at all operating states.
The reservoir shall be located in the installation so that the necessary inflow into the pump is ensured.
The reservoir size shall be selected so that a sufficient fluid quantity within the permissible temperature range is
available at all operating states.
Ventilation of the reservoir shall be provided, in order to avoid impermissible under pressure or over pressure.
5.11.4.4 Cooler/heating
If the permissible upper operating temperature cannot be kept in the circuit by the container, a cooler shall be
provided. If the ambient temperature is lower than the lowest operating temperature, the manufacturer shall provide
for possibilities by means of which the liquid can be heated up to the required temperature.
NOTE This can be achieved e.g. by warming up the system without load or by fitting a heater.
5.11.4.5 Accumulator
Accumulators are used for storing hydraulic energy, e.g. compressed gas. In this case, liquid and gas shall be
separated by means of suitable separated elements. Nitrogen or other inert gases should be used as gas.
It shall be possible to close the accumulator by means of a valve in order to isolate the pressure supply from the
installation, if required.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
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5.11.4.6 Filters
Filters shall be provided in circuits where contamination continuously occurs.
Filters shall be equipped with a bypass for certain opening pressures, in order to keep the installation working in the
case of clogging. An exception is specified in EN 982:1996, 5.3.7, for control systems with servo or proportional
valves. The flow through the bypass shall be indicated by a signal.
5.11.5 Control devices/controls
Control devices shall be selected so that no pressure and flow disturbances can occur and their level of
performance is kept.
Control devices shall be arranged in the control system so that no unwanted functions of the systems (by reaction
or similar) can occur.
Control devices in control systems shall be selected and arranged in such a way that in the case of a power failure,
switching positions are reached automatically, bringing the installation to a standstill.
The operating speed of the cylinders and motors shall be proportional to the controlling range of the control.
Hydraulic cylinders for lifting movements shall be equipped with load holding valves to prevent lowering in the case
of a pressure failure. The load holding valves shall be directly connected to the cylinders exclusively using metallic
connecting elements. Hydraulic connections between the load holding valve and the cylinder or motor shall consist
of steel tubing; flexible hoses shall not be used.
5.11.6.1 Emergency stop function
The emergency stop function shall conform to EN 418 with the following deviations.
The emergency stop function shall correspond to stop category 0 according to 4.1.5 of EN 418:1992.
The requirement in EN 418:1992, 4.1.12, according to which the resetting of the "Emergency stop" shall not be
permitted to initiate restarting does not apply for manually-controlled hoists according to 5.2.1 of this European
Standard.
elements. No hazard occurs in the particular case of an internal error, since the hoist unit is hand controlled.
In case of indirect control the emergency stop function shall interrupt the main hydraulic circuit via an additional
main hydraulic valve, which is designed so, that sticking of the piston will not occur.
In case of direct control one of the following two requirements shall be fulfilled:
a) the emergency stop function shall interrupt directly the main hydraulic circuit, or
b) the actuating elements and the energy switching part of the hand control shall be positively connected. The
positive locking shall be designed in a way that the energy switching part can be returned by hand to a stable
neutral position.
Apart from that, no further emergency stopping devices are required.
5.11.6.2 Hydraulic protection
Hydraulic systems shall be protected against overpressure of the fluid and overspeed of the load. These protective
devices shall act on the hydraulic circuits and elements so that the flow rate and pressure are limited to permissible
values. In the case of a power failure, all movements shall be stopped.
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5.11.6.3 Mechanical protection
Moveable elements (e.g. cylinders) shall be arranged and/or covered so that hazards for persons or objects are
excluded.
5.11.6.4 Adjustable safety device
Those adjustable safety devices which can cause a hazardous situation, if their pre-set values are modified shall
have means to prevent their readjustment by non-authorized persons.
External devices shall have visible means such as:
a) lead-seals;
b) covers;
c) cup
which need to be destroyed before a readjustment can take place.
Visible means are not necessary, if special tools (i.e. not commercially available) specified by the manufacturer of
the adjustable safety device, are necessary for readjustment.
5.11.6.5 Fire
Hydraulic systems shall be such that leaking fluid cannot cause a fire. Devices reaching higher temperatures when
being operated (also electrical equipment through sparks or short-circuit) shall be thermally separated from devices
carrying oil by means of a suitable enclosure, in order to avoid ignition. Under these circumstances flame-retardant
hydraulic liquid shall be used.
5.11.6.6 Explosion hazards
Hydraulic systems with chambers or hollows shall be equipped with aeration equipment, in order to prevent an
explosion hazard. If hydraulic systems are used in environment with an explosion hazard, only flame-retardant
hydraulic liquids shall be used.
5.12 Trolleys
5.12.1 General
Trolleys can be designed either as an integral part of a hoist, or as an independent design for attaching the load or
the hoist.
Motion limiters shall be in accordance with EN 12077-2 and with the relevant crane standards where appropriate.
5.12.2 Braking
Trolleys which, when traversed, also change levels shall be under the control of a braking system at all times.
Power-driven trolleys shall be under the control of a braking system at all times. The braking system shall be such,
that movements can be decelerated, the trolley can be held, and unintended movements are avoided.
Brakes shall engage automatically in the following cases.
When
a) the control device returns to its neutral position;
b) the emergency stop function is activated;
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
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c) the external power supply to the brake is interrupted;
d) the power supply of the corresponding drive (= motor) is interrupted and/or switched off.
In addition to letters a) to d)
in case of 3-phase motors, brakes shall engage automatically when
e) two phases of the power supply of the corresponding drive (= motor) are interrupted.
NOTE If only one phase fails, see 5.13.8.2.
The requirements a) to e) are fulfilled, for example, by
f) self-locking drives;
g) automatic brakes;
h) devices in hydraulic or pneumatic systems which prevent the trolley from moving.
Brake linings shall not contain asbestos.
Unless the working conditions so require, manually moved trolleys do not need to be fitted with a braking system.
For NGL building hoists the trolley, when provided as an independent or an integral part of the hoist, shall be
provided with a brake, manually released, automatically acting on the rail frame, in order to prevent unwanted
horizontal movements. All materials used shall be resistant to the outdoor conditions and temperature.
5.12.3 Operating chains (hand chain)
The operating chain of mechanically-propelled trolleys shall be guided in such a way that the chain is prevented
from coming off.
5.12.4 Derailment safety device
Trolleys shall incorporate features to prevent derailment or fall. This requirement can be fulfilled by the use of
devices such as guide rollers and/or wheel flanges.
Means shall be provided to prevent the trolley from falling or overturning in the event of a single wheel failure.
NOTE Suitable measures include trolley drop stops integrated into the design, or derailment protection by suitable
geometry of the wheel bolts.
Climbing of the flanged wheel shall be prevented in the case of monorail trolleys. For other type of trolleys climbing
of the flanged wheel or the displacement of the trolley shall be prevented in such a way that the hoist trolley cannot
fall down. This can be achieved for example by means of appropriate design of the trolley components.
Hazards resulting from falling components in the event of failure of a guide or travel element shall be prevented.
This is achieved, for example, by selecting suitable materials and sufficiently dimensioning the components taking
into consideration the use for which they are intended.
5.13 Electrical equipment of hoists and their trolleys
5.13.1 General
The electrical equipment of hoists and their trolleys shall conform to EN 60204-32 with the following deviations.
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5.13.2 Electrical supply
In addition to EN 60204-32:1998, 4.3.1, the following applies:
The hoist shall be designed such that it operates reliably in the event of a voltage drop at the hoist of up to 5 %
between no-load operation and the peak current of the largest motor.
5.13.3 Ambient and operating conditions
5.13.3.1 Electromagnetic compatibility
Hoists shall be in accordance with EN 60204-32:1998, 4.4.2.
5.13.3.2 Degree of protection of enclosures for outdoor application
The enclosures for electrical equipment, with exception of the motor, shall have at least a degree of protection
IP 55 according to EN 60529.
The enclosure of the motor shall have a degree of protection of at least IP 54.
An opening may be provided in the base of enclosures so that moisture due to condensation may drain away.
5.13.4 Supply disconnecting (isolating) and switching devices
Remark concerning the application of EN 60204-32:1998, 5.3. The electrical equipment of a hoist shall contain
devices for the following functions:
a) isolation of the electrical equipment from the mains power supply so that work may be performed without the
risk of electric shock or burning;
b) switching-off in the event of emergency switching off or emergency stop.
NOTE The "isolation" function a) may be fulfilled by a crane-disconnector, a crane-supply switch, a crane switch, or, as
described in EN 60204-32:1998, 5.3.2, letter d), a plug/socket combination.
The crane disconnector shall meet the requirements of EN 60204-32:1998, 5.3.2 to 5.3.4.
The crane-supply switch or crane switch shall meet the requirements of EN 60204-32:1998, 5.3.2 to 5.3.4 for the
"Isolation" function.
The "Switching-off" function b) may be fulfilled by a crane switch according to EN 60204-32:1998, 5.3.7.
5.13.5 Overload protection of motors
Hoist motors specified according to 5.13.8 require no protective measures according to EN 60204-32:1998, 7.3.
5.13.6 Control circuits and control functions
With regard to 9.2.2 of EN 60204-32:1998, certain control systems (e.g. for converters) may have a short time
delay before the supply power is removed, for ensuring that no additional hazard occurs.
5.13.7 Emergency stop function
Hoists shall be provided with an emergency stop function in accordance with EN 60204-32.
For cable-less controls see EN 60204-32:1998, 9.2.7.3.
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The requirement in EN 60204-32:1998, 9.2.5.4.2, according to which the resetting of the "Emergency stop" shall
not be permitted to initiate restarting does not apply for hand controlled hoists according to 5.2.1 of this European
Standard.
elements. No hazard occurs in the particular case of an internal error, since the hoist unit is hand controlled.
A plug/socket device shall not be considered as emergency stop function.
5.13.8 Electric motors
5.13.8.1 General
Motors shall be selected in accordance with Annex J, with single-phase motors being excluded.
For single-phase motors the relevant calculation methods shall be used. The selection shall be in accordance with
EN 60034-1.
5.13.8.2 Failure of power supply
Electric hoists shall incorporate features so that:
a) the load cannot lower in an uncontrolled manner if a phase should fail;
b) the load cannot drop if a phase should fail.
In the case of NGL building hoists, these requirements are fulfilled, if the following applies:
c) if the operator is activating the up-button of the control, the load shall not move down;
d) if the operator is activating the down button of the control, the lowering speed shall not exceed 1,1 times the
maximum speed, and on release of the button, the motion shall be arrested and the load sustained.
5.13.8.3 Mechanical speed limit, maximum permissible operating speed
5.13.8.3.1 Hoist motors
A motor shall be selected so that the mechanical speed limit will not be reached within the foreseeable braking
delay in the event of power loss. A motor for variable speed drive shall be selected so that the mechanical speed
limit will not be exceeded in case of switching off by an overspeed protection during lowering with maximum speed
and the appropriate load or in case of converter malfunction.
5.13.8.3.2 Three-phase slipring motors
The mechanical speed limit shall correspond at least to the values in Table 3 (at 50 Hz):
Table 3 Speed limit for three-phase slipring motors
Synchronous speed min
1
3 000 1 500 1 000 750 600
Mechanical speed limit min
1
4 500 3 000 2 000 1 500 1 200
Recommended mechanical speed limit min
1
2 500 1 875 1 500
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
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5.13.8.4 Minimum motor stall torque for hoisting motions
5.13.8.4.1 Three phase slipring motors
Stall torques for three-phase slipring motors with contactor control relative to the rated hoist motor torques M
n
at S3
40 % (see EN 60034-1) shall reach the values given in Table 4:
Table 4 Stall torques for three-phase slipring motors with contactor control
Frame sizes according to IEC 60072-1 and speeds Hoist motor stall torque at S3
40 % duty
For frame sizes 100 to 160, at 3 000 min
1
, 1 500 min
1
and 1 000 min
1
at least 2,2 x M
n
For frame sizes 180 to 225, at 1 000 min
1
and 750 min
1
at least 2,2 x M
n
For frame sizes 250 to 400, at 600 min
1
at least 2,2 x M
n
For all other frame sizes and speeds at least 2,5 x M
n
5.13.8.4.2 Other motor types
The minimum motor stall torque shall prevent the fall of the load.
5.13.8.5 Slipring motors
With slipring motors an uncontrolled lowering of the load is possible particularly under the following conditions:
a) intentional or unintentional operation with a reverse current characteristic not matched to the load to be
lowered;
b) operation of the motor with an open rotor or unintentional interruption of the rotor circuit in which case the
power supply is not interrupted immediately and therefore the brakes are not applied.
If it is not possible to exclude these possibilities, the hoist equipment shall comprise
c) either devices that prevent start-up of the load or stop movement immediately as soon as the possible cause of
uncontrolled lowering has been discovered or
d) devices that stop the hoisting movement before the lowering speed reaches the maximum permissible limit
speed specified in 5.13.8.3.2, Table 3.
See also provisions of 7.6 and 9.5 of EN 60204-32:1998.
5.13.9 Electric motion limiters
5.13.9.1 General
Electrical motion limiters shall be realized electromechanically, with a positive-opening function (definition as
in 3.46 of EN 60204-32:1998), or they shall possess a comparable safety, for electronic systems at least category 2
of EN 954-1.
5.13.9.2 Second limiter (back-up limiter)
Where for the switching off of a movement a second limiter is provided behind the first one, such a second limiter
should have a different circuit from the first one and initiate a category 0 stop function according to 9.2.2 of
EN 60204-32:1998.
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The requirements of 5.13.9.1 apply only to the second limiter. If an overriding device of the first limiter for test
purposes is provided, this shall only be by means of a hold-to-run control device. Second limiters shall not have
override facilities.
5.13.10 Temperature
The provision of 4.4.3 of EN 60204-32:1998 shall apply unless otherwise specified between the user and the
supplier.
NOTE Beyond the temperature range given in 4.4.3 of EN 60204-32:1998 (0 C to 40 C), outdoor-cranes may need a
wider temperature range, such as 20 C to 55 C).
5.14 Reduction of noise by design
5.14.1 General
Noise is a significant hazard where the position of the operator is located in the vicinity of one or more of the noise
sources mentioned in 5.14.2 and they have a:
a) high energy level and/or
b) high operating speed.
If noise constitutes a significant hazard, the design shall provide for a low noise level. In this case the
recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment according with EN ISO 11688-1 shall
be taken into consideration.
NOTE EN ISO 11688-2 provides useful information on noise generation mechanisms in machinery.
5.14.2 Main noise sources on hoist units
Main noise sources are:
a) hoist mechanisms (motor, gearbox, brake, chain or rope drives);
b) trolleys (motor, gearbox, brake);
c) control cabinets;
d) external devices, e.g. motor fans;
e) hydraulic pumps;
f) pneumatic drives.
5.14.3 Measures for noise reduction at source
Typical measures for noise reduction are:
a) selection of low-noise components;
b) use of flexible securing means which prevent the transmission of structure-borne sound between the
components and the structure.
Other measures with identical or increased efficiency may be used.
A typical measure is the use of enclosures reducing noise around components with a high noise emission.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
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5.14.5 Information on noise
Information on residual risks shall be given to the user, see 7.2.
5.15 Hoists for use in a potentially explosive atmosphere
5.15.1 General
Hoists intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres, shall be designed and constructed according to good
engineering practice and in conformity with the required categories for group II equipment of EN 13463-1 to ensure
avoidance of any ignition sources as detailed in EN 1127-1. To classify the category of the non-electrical equipment
of the hoist, it shall be subjected to an ignition hazard assessment in accordance with 5.2 of EN 13463-1:2001.
The following requirements shall be fulfilled; additional information is given in Annex C.
5.15.2 Electrical equipment of hoists
Electrical equipment of hoists which are intended for use in Zone 1 shall be at least Category 2 (see
EN 1127-1:1997, Annex B) and shall comply with the requirements of EN 60079-0. Where relevant,
EN 60079-0 may be supplemented or modified by the following European Standards: EN 50015, EN 60079-2,
EN 50017, EN 60079-1, EN 60079-7, and EN 50020, EN 60079-18, prEN 50039 as appropriate.
Electrical equipment of hoists which are intended for use in Zone 2 shall be at least Category 3 (see
EN 1127-1:1997, Annex B) and shall comply with the requirements of EN 60079-0 and EN 60079-7.
5.15.3 Non-electrical equipment of hoists
Non-electrical equipment of hoists which are intended for use in a potentially explosive atmosphere shall comply
with the requirements of EN 13463-1 and EN 13463-5 and where relevant the selected European Standard for the
specific type of ignition protection.
Category 3 equipment for use in Zone 2, shall not contain any effective ignition source in normal operation.
Category 2 equipment for use in Zone 1, shall not contain any effective ignition source during foreseeable
malfunctions or rare malfunctions.
5.15.4 Electrostatic discharge
Undesirable electrostatic discharges shall be avoided (see 7.4 of EN 13463-1:2001) by earthing and
interconnecting all the metallic components of electrical and non-electrical equipment and surrounding metal parts.
NOTE Further information on this topic is given in the CENELEC report R 044-001 Safety of machinery Guidance and
recommendations for the avoidance of hazards due to static electricity which is prepared by CLC/TC 44x.
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective measures
6.1 Hoists manufactured in series
Conformity with each safety requirement and/or measure (given in Clause 5) shall be verified by a type verification
for the first sample of a series of hoists of the same type (column 3 of Table 5) and by an individual verification for
each hoist of the series (column 4 of Table 5). Individual verification shall be carried out either during manufacture,
assembly or taking into service.
--`,,,`,,`,,``,`,``,`,,,,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
44
6.2 Hoists designed individually
Conformity with each safety requirement and/or measure (given in Clause 5) shall be verified for individually
designed hoists by the method of type verification in Table 5, column 3, except the test for verification of
classification. Verification shall be carried out either during manufacturing, assembly or taking into service.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
51
7 User information
7.1 General
The manufacturer shall provide operating instructions containing information and instructions for the
commissioning, use, regular tests and inspections and maintenance of the hoist mechanism. Information for use of
the machine shall be provided in accordance with Clause 6 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003.
7.2 Special requirements
The operating instructions shall describe the type of the hoist with clear reference to the present hoist.
The use for which the hoist mechanism is intended shall be clearly described. This shall also contain design
limitations, e.g. the theoretical duration of service. The measures to be taken when the hoist mechanism has
reached the end of its theoretical duration of service shall be described in accordance with ISO 12482-1.
Information regarding the utilisation of the hoisting and lowering limiter during normal operation and periodical
inspection shall be given.
Optional features of the hoist, e.g. devices for lowering the load in the event of a power failure, shall be described.
If a second limiter is required referring to 5.2.4.2 and this limiter is a friction torque limiter, the inspection of the
function of the first limiter shall be described in the handbook.
The operating instructions shall always include the following instructions:
1) the necessary training for the operating personnel shall be described;
2) the user shall ensure that the operating personnel are given the necessary training;
3) the operator shall always work in compliance with the operating instructions;
4) the user shall lift the load from the ground with the minimum speed available at the hoist. The rope (chain, belt)
shall be tightened and shall not be in the slack-condition when the load is being lifted from the ground;
5) it is forbidden to lift loads above the rated capacity of the hoist;
6) do not try to lift fixed or obstructed loads;
7) do not side-pull loads;
8) excessive inching (e.g. giving short pulses to the motor) shall be avoided;
9) ban on transporting persons.
All maintenance and repair work required to ensure the safe functioning of the hoist mechanism shall be described,
e.g.:
i) lubrication of ropes, chains, gearboxes, bearings, hooks etc.;
ii) inspection of wearing parts such as ropes, chains, hooks, belts and brake linings. Specification of test
and inspection intervals and discard criteria;
iii) operating principle of safety devices and requirements in the event that these devices are triggered,
e.g. resetting the emergency stop device;
iv) in order to prevent hazards with heavy trolleys when changing wheels or guide rollers, the correct use
of jacking or slinging points;
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
52
v) information shall be given how to verify the proper function of the limiters;
vi) measures to avoid possible damage of the hoist in case of incorrect phase sequence.
The following information shall be provided, if necessary:
limitations for operation, e.g. setting down the load when in the vicinity of the upper hook position.
For pneumatic and hydraulic hoists the following data shall be provided in the user information regarding the supply
of pressurized fluid:
pressure;
flow;
quality.
Regarding noise the following information a) to f) shall be given:
a) if the value of the A-weighted emission sound pressure level at the operator's position is lower than 70 dB, this
fact shall be indicated;
b) if the value of the A-weighted emission sound pressure level at the operator's position exceeds 70 dB, this
value shall be stated;
c) if the value of the A-weighted emission sound pressure level at the operator's position exceeds 85 dB, the
A-weighted sound power level shall be stated;
d) for NGL building hoists the A-weighted sound power level shall always be stated;
e) the measurement procedure and detailed operating conditions during noise emission measurements shall be
stated;
f) a recommendation for operators and servicemen to wear hearing protection when the hoist is used in a noisy
environment or the A-weighted emission sound pressure level due to the hoist is high at the operator position.
The manufacturer shall provide information on how to check and to set the rated capacity limiter. Setting and
checking of the rated capacity limiter shall be done according to the instructions of the manufacturer by competent
persons only. He shall request from these competent persons to document the test result in the logbook.
When the hoist is not fitted with a rated capacity indicator the manufacturer shall inform that this hoist shall be used
only in those applications, for which the rated capacity of the hoist does not vary with the position of the load.
For the installation and use of the hoist in supporting structures the manufacturer shall provide those information
which enables the designer of the supporting structure to take into account the static and dynamic forces which
may occur during operation of the rated capacity limiter of the hoist. Information to be provided (see 5.2.2).
In case of direct acting rated capacity limiters:
DAL
force-limit factor.
In case of indirect acting rated capacity limiters:
triggering-factor;
med
C rigidity of the hoisting medium (rope or chain or belt);
IAL
t time lapse after attaining load level
RC
m to when actual motion braking commences (s);
--`,,,`,,`,,``,`,``,`,,,,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
53
bt
t motion braking time affected by the combined hoist medium tension and brake torque (s);
time lapse after attaining load level RC m. to when actual motion braking commences.
Also
L
F
max,
according to 5.2.2.3 shall be provided.
In the case of NGL building hoist where the possibility of an incorrect phase sequence of three-phase supply can
be easily controlled, installation instruction shall be provided in order to prevent the possibility of damage to the
hoist machine or hazardous situation.
7.3 Marking
Marking shall be in accordance with EN 12644-2.
Every hoist shall be provided with the following information in a lasting and easily legible manner on a part which
cannot be removed:
1) name and address of the manufacturer;
2) the prescribed marking
1)
;
3) type designation;
4) year of construction;
5) explosion proof class, if applicable;
6) rated capacity; the rated capacity shall also be specified on the bottom block or hook with accessories;
7) group of mechanisms;
8) rope/chain: ident number of the manufacturer or information concerning the load bearing means, i.e.
for ropes: minimum breaking force, diameter and design;
for chains: diameter, pitch and grade;
9) characteristics of the power supply;
10) rated hoisting speed.
For belt-hoists with the following data:
a) material/materials;
b) tensile strength (breaking force);
c) dimensions;
d) operating limit temperatures.

1) For machines and associated products which are intended to be placed on the market within the EEA, CE marking
according to the relevant European directives, e.g. Machinery Directive, Low Voltage Directive.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
54
Annex A
(informative)
Examples of power driven hoists
A.1 Rope hoist
Figure A.1.1 Rope hoist Palan cble Seilzug
Key
A Motor und Bremse
B Getriebe
C Seilfhrung
D Trommel
E Seilfestpunkt
F Umlenkrolle
G Lasthaken
H Laufrad
J Fahrmotor
K Fahrschiene
A Motor and brake
B Gear box
C Rope guide
D Drum
E Rope anchorage
F Sheave
G Load hook
H Wheel
J Travel motor
K Runway
A Moteur et frein
B Rducteur
C Guidage de cble
D Tambour
E Ancrage du cble
F Noix de moufle
G Crochet de levage
H Galet
J Moteur de direction
K Chemin de roulement
Figure A.1.2.1
Monorail trolley, standard
headroom
Chariot monorail, hauteur
perdue normale
Einschienenuntergurtfahrwerk,
normale Bauhhe
Figure A.1.2.2
Monorail trolley, short
headroom
perdue rduite
kurze Bauhhe
Figure A.1.2.3
Crab
Chariot birail
Zweischienenobergurtfahrwerk
angebaut)
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
55
A.2 Chain hoist
Figure A.2.1 Chain hoist Palan chane Kettenzug
Key
A Motor und Bremse
B Getriebe
C Rutschkupplung
D Kettenantriebsrad
E Kettenfestpunkt
F Kettenumlenkrad
G Lasthaken
H Kettenspeicher
J Laufrollen
K Fahrmotor
L Fahrschiene
A Motor and brake
B Gear box
C Friction torque limiter
D Chain drive sprocket
E Chain anchorage
F Chain wheel
G Load hook
H Chain box
J Wheel
K Travel motor
L Runway
A Moteur et frein
B Rducteur
C Limiteur de couple friction
D Noix de chane
E Ancrage du chane
F Noix de moufle
G Crochet de levage
H Bac chane
J Galets
K Moteur de direction
L Chemin de roulement
Figure A.2.2.1
Monorail trolley, standard
headroom
perdue normale
normale Bauhhe
Figure A.2.2.2
Monorail trolley, short
headroom
perdue rduite
kurze Bauhhe
Figure A.2.2.3
Crab
Chariot birail
Zweischienenobergurtfahrwerk
angebaut)
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
56
A.3 Belt hoist
Figure A.3.1 Belt hoist Palan sangle Bandzug
Key
A Motor und Bremse
B Getriebe
C Rutschkupplung
D Bandrolle (mehrlagige
Bandwicklung)
E Lasthaken
F Laufrollen
G Fahrmotor
H Laufschiene
A Motor and brake
B Gear box
C Slipping clutch
D Belt sheave (belt wound in several
layers)
E Load hook
F Wheels
G Travel motor
H Runway
A Moteur et frein
B Rducteur
C Accouplement glissant
D Poulie de sangle (sangle enroul
en plusieurs couches)
E Crochet de levage
F Galets
G Moteur de direction
H Chemin de roulement
Figure A.3.2 Monorail trolley Chariot monorail Einschienenuntergurtfahrwerk
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
57
A.4 Open type hoist
Key
A Hubmotor
B Kupplung
C Bremse
D Getriebe
E Trommellager
F Trommel
G Unterflasche
H Fahrwerk
J Laufrder
A Hoist motor
B Coupling
C Brake
D Gearbox
E Drum bearings
F Drum
G Bottom block
H Crab
J Wheels
A Moteur du palan
B Embrayage
C Frein
D Rducteur
E Paliers tambour
F Tambour
G Moufle infrieure
H Chariot
J Galets
Figure A.4 Open type hoist Treuil ouvert Offenes Hubwerk
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
58
A.5 NGL building hoists Treuil potence de chantier Bauaufzge fr nicht gefhrte
Lasten
Figure A.5.1 Jib hoist with parallel drum
Treuil potence tambour parallle
Auslegerhubwerk mit paralleler Trommel
Figure A.5.2 Jib hoist with axial drum
Treuil potence tambour axial
Auslegerhubwerk mit axialer Trommel
Figure A.5.3 Hoist with trolley
Treuil potence pour chariot
Hubwerk mit Fahrwerk
Figure A.5.4 Suspended hoist
Treuil potence suspendu
Aufgehngtes Hubwerk
Key
A Motor and brake Moteur frein Motor und
Bremse
B Gear box Rducteur Getriebe
D Rope drum (multilayer ) Tambour
(multicouches) Seiltrommel (mehrlagig)
E Electric panel Coffret lectrique
Elektrogehuse
F Rope up-jib pulley Poulie de renvoi
Umlenkrolle am Ausleger
G Load hook Crochet de charge Lasthaken
H wheel galet Laufrad
S Integrated supporting device Dispositif
support intgr IntegrierteAufhngung
UL Hoisting limiter Limiteur de course
Hubbegrenzer
Figure A.5.5 Scaffold hoist Treuil
dchafaudage Gerstwinde
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
59
Annex B
(normative)
Additional requirements when transporting hot molten masses
Hoists intended for transporting hot molten masses shall be designed in such a way that in the event of a structural
component failing in the kinematic chain, the load is prevented from dropping.
This requirement can be fulfilled either by a) or b):
a) provision of redundant hoist (hook not included).
This does not apply to applications up to 5 t rated capacity, provided that the whole hoist is designed for a load
that is at least 50 % higher than the rated capacity;
b) an emergency stop brake on the rope drum or on the chain sprocket in conjunction with redundant rope or
chain drive.
The requirement for redundancy of the rope or chain drive does not apply to rope hoists up to 40 t rated
capacity or chain hoists up to 5 t rated capacity, provided that the rope drive or chain drive is designed for a
load that is at least 50 % higher than the rated capacity.
In both cases a) and b), the hook shall be designed:
redundantly or
as a laminated hook or
for a load that is at least 50 % higher than the actual hoist load to be lifted.
In both cases a) and b) the working coefficient of the rope or the chain drive, if they are not redundant, shall be:
at least 5,6 for rope drives.
NOTE 1 This conforms to ISO 4308-1, group M6.
at least 6,3 for chain drives.
NOTE 2 This conforms to EN 818-7, group M5.
For redundant rope drives and redundant chain drives, compensating sheaves are not allowed. Compensating
levers shall be provided with cushioning devices that minimize the forces from the rearrangement impact if a rope
or a chain breaks.
Consideration should be given to the use of laminated hooks where the rated capacity exceeds 20 t.
NOTE 3 Information is given in Annex H.
NOTE 4 The requirements above, beginning at a), are summarized in Table B.1.
If, in the event of a load dropping, an increased hazard exists as in the case of hoists used for the transportation of
hot molten masses, then these stipulations shall also be applied.
This is e.g.:
lifting operations carried out above pipelines, where the destruction of those pipelines by a dropping load may
cause leakage of combustible gases or fluids;
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
60
when transporting goods with comparable risks, such as acids, lyes.
An emergency stop braking system consists of the following system components:
breakage monitoring and/or speed monitoring system;
braking device for emergency stop and operational stopping brakes.
Fixed load lifting attachment used for transporting hot molten masses shall be made of a non-ageing material.
For ambient temperatures of more than 80 C, ropes shall have steel inlays or other heat-resistant inlays.
If protective measures are not possible, ropes of special design are required.
The lower blocks, traverses, rope drums and rope sheaves, chain baskets, gears, brakes, motors and electrical
equipment shall be protected against direct thermal radiation from hot molten masses.
Where hoists intended for transporting hot molten masses are operated also in another mode of operation with a
higher rated capacity, separate consideration shall be given to each mode of operation of the hoists. The hoists
shall fulfil the requirements of this standard for the respective mode of operation. In addition, the intended rated
capacities for the intended modes of operation shall be clearly marked on the crane. It shall be possible to switch
the rated capacity limiter to the respective mode of operation by using a mode selector switch.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
62
Annex C
(informative)
Additional requirements for hoists intended to be used in potentially
explosion atmosphere
C.1 Introduction
Explosion hazards can occur when the concentration of the flammable substances in air exceeds the lower
explosion limit and if an effective ignition source is present.
Examples of flammable substances which increase concentration above the normal:
solvent vapours from the flash off process;
gases from fuels and/or products by the combustion of the heating system;
gases released from deposits;
combustible heating gases;
solvent vapours from any leakage from broken pipes or fittings;
cleaning fluids;
solvent vapours from recirculation process.
Examples of ignition sources are:
hot surfaces e.g. of heating systems and electrical equipment;
sparks created by mechanically induced energy e.g. fans, conveyors;
electrostatic discharges;
electrical sparks;
welding and other sources of thermal energy used during maintenance and cleaning.
C.2 General
Where hoists are intended for use in hazardous areas EN 1127-1 specifies methods for the identification of
hazardous situations that may lead to an explosion. It details the design and construction measures to achieve the
required safety. It includes the relationship between categories and zones and the applicable equipment in the
different zones.
Information on the control and classification of hazardous places for gases and vapours by the use of ventilation is
given in EN 60079-10.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
63
C.3 Hazard sources in explosion hazard areas
C.3.1 Electrically caused hazards
a) Elimination of hazards caused by electrical sparks, e.g. in the case of connecting parts, installations,
switchgear, equipotential bonding (refer also to EN 60079-0, EN 60079-1, EN 60079-7).
b) Elimination of build-up of hazardous electrostatic charges, e.g. in the case of plastic enclosures, insulating
material, equipotential bonding (refer also to EN 60079-0, EN 60079-7).
c) Elimination of hazards caused by build-up of electrostatic charges, e.g. in the case of fans made of plastic,
components made of plastic with turning or sliding movements (refer also to EN 60079-0).
C.3.2 Mechanically caused hazards
a) Elimination of hazards caused by mechanically generated sparks, e.g. by swaying load handling attachments;
friction producing large amounts of energy on rollers, wheels, clutches, brakes; impacts; sparks caused by
impacts while maintenance work is being carried out; impact sparks in the case of fans (refer also to
EN 60079-0, EN 1127-1 as well as recommendations by expert authorities). The risk of hazards may be
reduced by selecting appropriate materials. Soft materials which tend to yield are favourable. Copper,
beryllium bronze and stainless steels (e.g. V4A) are preferred. Hard steels, aluminium and magnesium as well
as rusty parts should be avoided. Brakes and clutches should include an appropriate lining material and/or be
protected in a suitable way. Striking or scraping of rotating parts against stationary parts should be prevented
by an appropriate safety distance.
b) Elimination of hazards caused by hot surfaces, e.g. in the case of bearing points such as friction bearings and
sliding bearings; guide arrangements, friction on rollers, wheels, clutches and brakes (refer also to EN 1127-1
as well as recommendations by expert authorities) In addition to a low-friction design, measures should also be
taken by selecting appropriate materials and types of protection and the scraping of rotating parts against
stationary parts should be avoided.
c) Elimination of hazards caused by build-up of electrostatic charges, e.g. in the case of fans made of plastic,
components made of plastic with turning or sliding movements (refer also to EN 60079-0).In addition to the
maximum permissible surface resistance of 1 G , consideration should also be given to the size and shape of
the parts as well as to a maximum circumferential speed not exceeding 50 m/s, e.g. in the case of fans.
C.3.3 Hazards caused by environmental conditions
a) Enclosures should feature sufficient protection against the ingress of hazardous quantities of dust and water
(refer also to EN 60079-0, EN 60079-7).
b) Components which serve explosion protection purposes should be protected from damage caused by
corrosion by means of sufficient corrosion protection (for example, by greasing with acid-free grease, by
protective measures to cover against dust and moisture, by selecting appropriate materials).
c) Measures should be taken to prevent hazards in the case of impermissible high or low ambient temperatures.
The permissible ambient temperatures should be specified on the data plate. Protection against high
temperatures may be provided by shielding measures and temperature monitoring measures as permitted by
the relevant regulations. Low temperatures (lower than 20 C) may be avoided by heating, e.g. with
resistances. Attention shall be given to ensure designs are compliant with explosion protection standards in
C.2.
d) The permissible installation height above sea level is limited to 1 000 m. At greater heights, the over
temperature limit value of the components should be reduced or the maximum permissible ambient
temperature shall be reduced.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
64
C.3.4 Measures to eliminate hazards in explosion hazard areas
Hazards should be eliminated by means of structural design and selection of materials. In this respect, the existing
CEN standards shall be considered and recommendations of test and inspection authorities and expert bodies
shall be observed. Since test and inspection obligations do not exist for all hazard classes, the manufacturer should
exercise great care.
The owner shall be responsible for assigning the zones (Zone 0, Zone 1, Zone 2 or Zone 20, Zone 21, Zone 22)
and correct selection of the equipment (temperature class, gas group, equipment category). He may be advised by
third parties (explosion-proof equipment manufacturers, authorities).
C.3.5 Marking
In addition to 7.3 the following markings apply:
specification of the test office;
specification of the test number;
specifications relating to the explosion-proof design (types of enclosure, temperature classes, explosion-proof
group);
manufacturer, test symbol as well as date;
serial number;
the Ex symbol.
C.4 User information
Qualified and/or expert persons shall be employed for maintenance and repair work, for regular inspections as well
as for operating hoist mechanisms.
Damage caused by environmental influences, inappropriate operating conditions and malfunctions shall be rectified
immediately.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
65
Annex D
(informative)
Additional requirements for operation in aggressive environments and
outdoors
D.1 General
Provision should be applied with respect to the definition and classification of corrosivity environment as per
ISO 9223.
When problems relating to operation in aggressive environments and the outdoors raise questions, the following
standards may be usefully consulted for specific needs or applications:
EN ISO 8044:1999, Corrosion of metals and alloys Basic terms and definitions (ISO 8044:1999)
EN ISO 8565:1995, Metals and alloys Atmospheric corrosion testing General requirements for field tests (ISO
8565:1992)
ISO 8407:1991, Corrosion of metals and alloys Removal of corrosion products from corrosion test specimens
corrosion test specimens
ISO 9223:1992, Corrosion of metals and alloys Corrosivity of atmospheres Classification
ISO 9224:1992, Corrosion of metals and alloys Corrosivity of atmospheres Guiding values for the corrosivity
categories
ISO 9225:1992, Corrosion of metals and alloys Corrosivity of atmospheres Measurement of pollution
ISO 9226:1992, Corrosion of metal and alloys Corrosivity of atmospheres Determination of corrosion rate of
standard specimens for the evaluation of corrosivity
D.2 Ropes and chains
On request, the manufacturers of ropes and chains should supply all information for selection, protection,
inspection, maintenance and discard criteria for them, when used in specific aggressive environments and
outdoors.
General considerations are needed for specific areas: structures, electric equipment and motors, electric cables,
copper terminals etc.
The following examples of corrosion may be taken in respect of various situations in aggressive environments:
a) structures:
selection of materials in relation of the temperatures;
special considerations for marine environment applications;
b) electric equipment and motors:
in case of tropical climatic conditions with sensitive dampness, treatment against moisture and fungosity
should be provided;
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
66
various coatings may be used to provide protection against corrosion, for insulation purposes etc.;
motor protection may include cover for dripping, grade F for minimum insulation, heating anti-
condensation (motor > 1 kW), minimum mechanical protection IP 55 according to EN 60529;
c) electric cables:
environmental conditions have a marked influence on the selection of electric cables, particularly with
regard to the type of sheaths. Consideration shall be given also to the material raceways;
d) copper ends of cables and other similar parts of electrical equipment require specific protection when they
operate in the presence of ammonia and acetylene.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
67
Annex E
(informative)
Additional requirements for operation at low temperatures
As to hoists for use at low temperatures, attention is drawn to the following, for example:
suitability of materials for load-bearing components;
suitability of lubricants;
suitability of the welding process;
icing of the motors, brakes and switchgear;
tendency of the seals to become brittle;
tendency of the cables and insulation to become brittle;
tendency of the plastics to become brittle;
corrosion as a result of dew forming;
suitability of ropes, chains and belts;
compliance with relevant standards and regulations;
test of the complete series hoist mechanism under the specified operating conditions, as required.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
68
Annex F
(normative)
Supporting structures for NGL building hoists
F.1 General
This annex specifies requirements for supporting structures for NGL building hoists with the following limitations:
a) size:
for swivelling supports, swivelling radius 2,00 m;
vertical length of the prop support 3,50 m;
for gantry support, length of the railway 5,00 m;
b) rated capacity:
for gantry supports, 500 kg;
for swivelling supports, 200 kg;
c) rated hoisting speed 1,2 m/s;
d) hoisting height 50 m.
These structures are used for temporary installation in the construction site work.
F.2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this annex, the following terms and definitions apply.
F.2.1
supporting structure
different types of connections, used for NGL building hoist. The different parts can be interchangeable or integrated
in the same hoist in order to permit various possibilities of installation and a quick assembly and disassembly. The
weight and size of each separate part can be manually transported
F.2.2
rated load of the supporting structure
load corresponding to the maximum static force for which the structure is intended to be used
F.2.3
competent person
designated person, suitably trained, qualified by knowledge and practical experience, and provided with the
necessary instructions to enable the required procedures to be carried out
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
69
F.3 Classification
The different structures are classified taking into account their application or configuration:
F.3.1
column support
free self standing supporting structure with hinges for swivelling jib hoisting system
2
), provided with devices to hold
it by a counterweight system (see Figure F.1)
F.3.2
prop support
support with hinges for swivelling the jib hoisting system, provided with devices to fix it between two intermediary
floors (see Figure F.3)
F.3.3
window support
support with hinges for swivelling the jib hoisting system, provided with fixing clamps to anchor it to a column or a
wall (see Figure F.4)
F.3.4
scaffold support
support with hinges for swivelling the jib hoisting system, provided with clamping devices to fix it to the scaffold
structure (see Figure F.5)
F.3.5
gantry support
light and demountable self-standing double frame, stabilised by a counterweight system supporting a railway on
which runs the trolley of the NGL hoisting system (see Figure F.6)
F.3.6
up-jib
swivelling jib fitted with the top sheave pulley installed on the vertical of the hoist at the upper limit of hoisting stroke
(see Figure F.7)
F.3.7
jib-extension
small Jib extension frame often used with type a) and type b) supports for simple loading-unloading operations at
the upper level (see Figure F.2)

2
) A combination of a NGL building hoist and one of the different types of supporting structures. The jib of a swivelling jib
hoisting system or the trolley used for a gantry support, can be partially or totally integrated in the same NGL building hoist
structure (See Annex A - 4 : Jib hoist and hoist with trolley).
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
70
Figure F.1 Column support
Support Colonne
Dreibock
Figure F.2 Jib-extension
Extension de potence
Zwischenrahmen
Figure F.3 Prop support
Chandelle
Geschosssttze
Figure F.4 Window support
Support fentre
Fensterwinkel
Figure F.5 Scaffold support
Support pour echafaudage
Gersthalterung oder befestigung
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
71
Figure F.6 Gantry support
Chevalet
Doppelrahmensttze mit Ausleger
Figure F.7 Up-jib
Flche potence
Schwenkarm
F.4 Construction characteristics
F.4.1 General requirements
a) Parts of supporting structures shall be resistant to the external ambient agent in order to prevent oxidation or
ageing;
b) the design of all components to be handled during installation shall taking into account the permissible weight
taking into account the stability aspects due to the installation position;
c) the components shall be of compact construction and protected against mechanical damages, their design
shall take into account the possibility of shocks and squeezing during transportation;
d) the surfaces of parts shall not have sharp edges, sharp angles or protruding parts that can cause injury;
e) the geometry and the forms of supporting structures shall not produce possibility of entanglement or trapping,
during operations of loading, unloading, and the manual movements for the operator working with the hoisting
system;
f) the connection between the jib hoist or the hoist with trolley and the supports on to which it is fitted, shall be
secured by mechanical locking devices in order to prevent its detachment during any possible working
movement (see Figure F.9 and Figure F.13);
g) all small specific parts that need to be removed during transportation, shall be fixed to the relevant frame by a
permanent linking connection; this is not necessary if the hoisting system cannot be used without this
removable part, or it is a commonly used part such as screws or nuts (see Figure F.8 and Figure F.9);
h) during the up-down load movements, the hoisting equipment (jib hoist, hoist with trolley or up-jib), shall be
maintained in the hoisting position by a self-applying device. This device shall only be released by a specific
action. This device shall withstand all loading conditions resulting from the movements of the load and it shall
not be necessary to remove it during disassembly for transportation (see Figure F.11 and Figure F.12);
i) if horizontal telescopic parts are used they shall withstand all loading conditions resulting from the movements
of the load. It shall be capable of being locked during hoisting movements and the parts shall have a maximum
extension (see Figure F.13);
j) the connection devices for the supporting structures to the building shall not only rely on friction and shall be
suitable to transfer all forces produced by the hoisting system (see Figure F.16 and Figure F.17). The design
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
72
shall avoid loosing of connection due to the elasticity of the parts. When a threaded positioning device is used
(see Figure F.16 and Figure F.17), it shall be provided with a clamping point and the thread geometry and its
inclination shall permit it to be tightened by a manual torque and to keep the required fastening during the
hoisting operations without self-loosening;
k) when the stability of the hoisting system is achieved by counterweight, the positioning media of the frame to
the floor (e.g. expansion plugs) shall not be considered in the stability calculation;
l) in order to prevent the risk of the operator falling when the supports are used close to the edge of a floor, a
hand rail and foot stop protection shall be fitted to the gantry and column supports. The hand rail may have a
gap suitable for the rope passage and the possibility to open it for the passage of the load. Hand rails shall be
such that movable parts return to the closed position automatically and that they can withstand a horizontal
force of 300 N and a vertical force of 500 N (see Figure F.10 and Figure F.15).
F.4.2 Interchangeability of parts and modularity
F.4.2.1 General
Each supporting structure should be considered as an interchangeable component of a hoisting system. The
design shall take into account all possible configurations.
In order to avoid misuse of the jib extension, it shall be capable of fitting only to the foreseen type of supports and
it shall not be possible to fit it to any other jib extension.
F.4.2.2 Counterweight
a) The support stabilised by a counterweight shall be permanently marked with details of the movable
counterweight necessary to permit the rated load stated for the support;
b) counterweights shall be attached to the support frame in such a way that they cannot become unintentionally
dislodged (see Figure F.10 and Figure F.15). If they are of solid construction, each part shall be permanently
marked with its own weight with a maximum value of 25 kg and shall be locked to the support;
c) if containers filled by sand or gravel are used, the volume of tanks shall be calculated taking into account a
density less than 1 300 kg/m3. The use of liquid filler shall not be permitted. Containers shall be marked with
the filling level suitable for sand, and provided with a lockable cover.
F.4.2.3 Screws for frame connections
If screws or bolts are used for connecting the different parts of a frame support, and the frame is intended to be
disassembled for a more easy transportation, one type only of screws or bolts, corresponding to the higher strength
requested, shall be used.
F.4.2.4 Railway end stop
Gantry supports shall be provided at each end of the rail with buffers in order to stop the trolley without derailment
(see Figure F.14).
F.4.3 Ease of transportation
Relating to parts that require to be carried along 2 or more floors the following weight limits shall be observed.
Parts which are to be carried by one person shall have a maximum weight of 25 kg.
Parts which are to be carried by two persons shall have a maximum weight of 50 kg.
Parts which are to be installed by one hand only, balanced by body, shall have a maximum weight of 15 kg.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
73
Figure F.8 Connection device to the
scaffold with T-head bolt
Figure F.9 Example of hinge with anti pull-out
system
Figure F.10 Connection devices for
counterweight and hand rail position
Figure F.11 Example of jib positioning
devices and sheave protection
Figure F.12 Example of hand lever jib
positioning device
Figure F.13 Self retaining locking handle
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
74
Key
A counter weight ballast
Figure F.14 Rail buffers Figure F.15 Feet stop and body guard for
gantry support
Figure F.16 Prop head/length rate
R
H
12
max
where R is the head internal radius
Figure F.17 Window support hoisting position
max
D A (in order to guarantee the equilibrium
of overturning moment)
F.5 Calculations
F.5.1 General
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
75
The calculations for the supports are part of the calculation for the complete hoisting system calculation and shall
take into account:
a) the various positions of suspended load and combinations of loads and forces;
b) stability;
c) structural analysis, by evaluating the individual loads and forces in the positions, directions and combinations
which produce the most unfavourable stresses in the different supporting components;
d) the hoisting system shall be classified in accordance with ISO 4301-1 according to the operational
requirements and conditions of utilisation. The supports shall be designed taking into account FEM 1.001,
booklets 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 9 and FEM 9.901.
NOTE For the calculation, European Standards are under preparation, in particular EN 13001-1, EN 13001-2 and
CEN/TS 13001-3-1. As soon as these have been published as EN, CEN/TC 147/WGP 7 will check to see how to update this
European Standard and to make reference to these European Standards.
F.5.2 Forces and load combinations to be considered
The structure of the hoist supports shall have sufficient strength for all intended operating conditions, including
erection, dismantling and environmental effects. The design of the structure as a whole, and each part of it, shall be
based on the effects of any possible combination of loads as specified in this clause.
Connecting devices between the hoist and the supporting structure shall be considered to be part of the hoist.
When calculating the complete hoisting system and every related component, the following forces and loads shall
be taken into account:
a) the effect of moving loads shall be determined by taking the weight of all actual loads (rated load, accessories,
wire ropes etc.) and multiplying them by a dynamic coefficient ) 3 , 0 1 ( v + = where v is the rated speed in
m/s. Alternative factors may be used if they can be proven to be more accurate;
b) the maximum static pulling force
3)
applied by the NGL building hoist at the rated voltage shall be considered
for the design of the supporting structures and their counterweight devices. If its value is less than 80 kg plus
the rated load, then at least the rated load plus 80 kg shall be considered;
c) irrespective of height, the minimum value for wind pressure shall be q =125 N/m
2
which corresponds to a wind
speed of Ws = 14 m/s, assuming a surface of at least 1 m for the load.
F.5.3 Stability
The complete hoisting system shall be regarded as adequately stable if, referring to the most unfavourable fulcrum,
the stability moment is equal or greater than the overturning moment, taking into account at least the loads and
forces listed in Table F.1 multiplied by
o
S .
All stabilising forces shall have the factor = 1,0.
Table F.1 Stability safety factor
o
S for various forces
Loads or forces Safety factor
o
S
Dead loads 1,2

3) The maximum static pulling force is the force corresponding to the locked rotor torque of the electric motor at the first layer
on the drum.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
76
Rated load 1,5
Maximum static pulling
force
1,2
In-service wind forces 1,2
300 N horizontally to the
hand rail
1,2
Stabilizing moments Overturning moments multiplied by
o
S
F.5.4 Structural verification
The following parameters shall be used when designing the structure according to FEM 1.001, booklet 3:
a) the safety coefficients shall be at least equal or equivalent to those listed in Table F.2;
Table F.2 Safety coefficients for steel structures
Load case Coefficient (
E
)
I 1,5
II 1,33
III 1,1
b) the four different combinations of loads and forces listed in Table F.3 shall be considered for the purpose of
calculations.
Table F.3 Load cases
Load case for: Forces and effects
Normal use during hoisting operations to the
maximum downward speed.
loads dead load rated
a
+ ) (
I
Exceptional forces: during the static or dynamic
tests.
) 1 , 1 ( load rated
a

b
or
loads dead load rated + ) 25 , 1 (
III
Exceptional forces effects: maximum static
pulling force.
) 80 ( load rated kg +
b
or
max. static pulling force of the intended
hoist + dead loads
III
Occasional conditions: brake, upper limit stop,
wind.
loads dead force wind load rated
a
+ +
II
a
t coefficien dynamic = according to FEM 1.001, booklet 2, 2.2.2.1.1.
b
The worst condition shall be considered.
--`,,,`,,`,,``,`,``,`,,,,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
77
Classification shall be calculated according to FEM 1.001, booklet 2, using the following:
total working cycle Class (Utilisation class) = U2;
the number of load cycles of a NGL building hoist is normally
4
10 6 intermittent duty (e.g. 10 years, 40 weeks
per year, 30 hours per week, 5 cycles per hour);
the rated load may be assumed to have a load spectrum factor = 0,75 and a class for the load spectrum = Q4.
F.5.5 Loads transmitted calculations
The calculations of loads transmitted to the building or the scaffold structures where the support of the building
hoists are connected or positioned, shall take account of at least the following actions:
a) the possible positions of the suspended load;
b) the dynamic effect due to the load movement;
c) the counterweight load;
d) the weight of the support and the hoist;
e) the forces applied by the rope to the sheaves;
f) the maximum force applied by the NGL building hoist.
F.6 Instructions
F.6.1 Transmitted forces/moments information
The figures given for the different types of supports considered and the foreseeable transmitted loads shall be
provided for a correct installation of the hoisting system.
--`,,,`,,`,,``,`,``,`,,,,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
78
Key
F
1
, F
2
vertical forces
R horizontal distance between F
1
and F
2
Figure F.18 Transmitted loads from
prop support
Key
F
1
horizontal forces due to the moment, depending
on swivelling position of the jib
F
2
vertical force
Figure F.19 Transmitted loads from scaffold
support
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
79
Key
F
1
horizontal forces due to the moment,
depending on swivelling position of the jib
F
2
vertical force
Figure F.20 Transmitted loads from up-jib
Key
F
1
horizontal forces due to the moment, depending on
the swivelling position of the jib
F
2
, F
3
vertical forces, depending on the swivelling
position of the jib
Figure F.21 Transmitted loads from window
support
Key
F
1
and F
2
are vertical forces depending as well
on the swivelling position of the jib as on the
counterweight
Figure F.22 Transmitted loads from
column support
Key
F
1
and F
2
are vertical forces depending as well on the
counterweight as on the position of the trolley
Figure F.23 Transmitted loads from gantry support
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
80
F.6.2 Markings
The manufacturer shall provide the following information on one or more durable signs or plates mounted in a
prominent place on the NGL building hoists supporting structures, in the official language of the country where the
supporting structure is placed on the market:
a) name and address of the manufacturer, or his authorized representative;
b) type designation and identification of the NGL building hoist type intended to be used with;
c) serial number;
d) year of construction;
e) rated load when fitted with the intended hoist.
F.6.3 User information
An instruction handbook shall be provided with each support. It shall be in accordance with
Clause 6 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003 and shall contain;
a) general information:
1) list and description of the component parts, dimensions and weights;
2) manufacturer name and address or his authorised representative;
3) type designation and serial number or range of serial numbers covered;
4) identification of the NGL building hoist with which the support is intended to be used and the relevant rated
load;
b) the competence of the person responsible for installation of the hoist system;
c) disassembling and reinstallation:
1) the transmitted forces to the supporting structure during the working operations, shall be provided by a
diagram showing the ties and the forces, moments and their directions;
2) the scaffold for the hoisting system shall be suitably prepared and able to withstand all resultant loads,
and its structure shall be supported by a link able to take all loads and moments as described in the user
information;
3) minimum area required for installation;
4) procedures for erection and dismantling with additional safety instructions in order to minimise the risk of
falling of parts of the hoisting system or the operator;
d) test after installation:
1) after each installation with the relevant NGL building hoist, and when ready to be used, the whole hoisting
system shall be tested with the maximum load before placing into service. The procedure shall conform to
that given in the NGL building hoist handbook;
2) the verification tests shall be carried out by a competent person.
e) recommendations for transportation;
f) information regarding the permissible matching with other supporting structures;
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
81
g) maintenance instructions with regular inspections and maintenance work to be carried out.
F.7 Verifications
Table F.4 Means of verification of the safety requirements and/or measures
Clause Safety requirements Type verification Individual verification
Construction characteristics Drawing and
calculations
F.7
Erection and dismantling Visual inspection
Visual inspection
Stability Calculations
Dynamic and static
test
Test after installation
F.8 Load transmitted Calculations Test after installation
Materials and fittings Calculations
Dynamic and static
test
Manufacturing process
control
Test after installation
Conformance to each safety requirement and/or measure (given in the F.7 and F.8) shall be verified by type
verification for the first sample of a series of supporting structures of the same type and by an individual verification
for each supporting structure of the series by the methods detailed in Table F.4.
Supports manufactured in series are verified by type test of the supporting structures together with the
NGL building hoist intended to be used with it, as well carrying out the dynamic test using 1,1 x rated load as the
static test with 1,25 x rated load. The individual verification shall be made by inspection procedures and checks of
the parts and during the manufacturing process in order to assure that each sample of the series is in compliance
with the type tested.
The individual verification tests after installation shall be carried out from a competent person in accordance with
the instruction handbook.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
82
Annex G
(normative)
Power driven series hoist mechanisms Test procedure for verification of
the classification
G.1 Introduction
The calculated classification of series hoists is effected according to ISO 4301-1. The design constraints for series
hoists, Table A.1 of ISO 12482-1:1995 are also based on ISO 4301-1. The verification of the dimensioning and
classification of series hoist mechanisms according to the specified rules is effected by the manufacturer using
mathematical methods and tests. Since, however, ISO 4301-1 contains no further information on other factors
resulting in the cause of damage beyond the load spectrum and time, this annex establishes a test procedure"
(referred to in the following as "test") which specifies the minimum requirements.
G.2 Application
This annex applies to power driven series hoist mechanisms. This annex does not deal with the load bearing
means employed (ropes, chains, belts).
The test is effected in the lowest Group of Mechanisms in which the series hoist mechanism is offered. Verification
of the classification in higher Groups of Mechanisms shall be effected mathematically according to ISO 4301-1 on
the basis of the test results of the lowest Group.
NOTE The service life tests may additionally be used to obtain, secure and verify technical data.
For example:
Motor data: Temperature rise, over temperature, current consumption, speed curves
Brake data: Wear, adjustment intervals
Noise data:
Gearbox data: Wear, lubrication
Drum data: Wear of the grooves, winding characteristics
Chain sprocket data: Wear, operating characteristics
G.3 Implementation of the test
G.3.1 Framework conditions
The test may be performed in enclosed, non-climatised rooms. The ambient temperature shall be 20 C 10 C.
This test does not include environmental factors (e.g. moisture/rain/snow/temperature). If such factors are expected
to affect the serviceability of safety-related parts (e.g. brakes), separate verification should be obtained for the
complete series hoist mechanism or these parts.
--`,,,`,,`,,``,`,``,`,,,,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
83
The hoist mechanism shall be supported in a mechanically rigid arrangement with the permitted tolerance for the
supporting surface. If additional loads are created in certain configurations (e.g. in the frame or drum bearings) due
to the design of the hoist mechanism, the test shall be based on the most unfavourable bearing arrangement.
The suspended load may be guided in a slide arrangement.
G.3.2 Configurations
The test shall be carried with the hoist mechanism fully assembled. Preference shall be given to selecting the
reeving arrangement for the load bearing means which results in the highest lifting speed offered. If the test is
performed with a higher reeving arrangement, the load shall be increased in order to allow for the larger rigid body
kinetic stress resultants in the chain of drive elements during the acceleration times. Instead of exact calculation
(see G.5), the factor 1,1 (see G.5) may be selected as the increase in load for each 50 % reduction in the lifting
speed. In this case, 10 % of the operating period shall be verified with increased load.
Alternatively, the operating period with increased load may be converted into an extended total operating period
(see G.5) for verification purposes. If the test is performed with a higher lifting speed than the maximum offered, the
load may be reduced for the same reasons. In this case, however, the exact calculation method specified in the
annex shall be selected.
Two hoist mechanisms may be tested simultaneously (particularly in order to test hoist mechanisms with multiple-
layer winding) by means of opposed winding and unwinding (see Figure G.1). In this case the test load shall be the
sum of the rated capacities of the two single hoists.
For rope hoists, in the case of drums with a rope guide arrangement and single layer winding, the rope lead-off
shall move symmetrically about the drum centre (see Figure G.2).
If the series hoist mechanism is offered with various drive units and controls (e.g. squirrel-cage rotor motors,
frequency inverters, direct current, hydraulics, pneumatics), the series drive unit which causes the most
unfavourable moment impact shall be selected for the test.
Additional components which are possible as an option, or which are possible depending on the reeving
arrangement or selected drive, may be tested separately from the fully assembled series hoist mechanism (e.g.
control switching elements, bottom blocks, second brake, overload protection).
G.3.3 Test programme
G.3.3.1 Load
The entire test shall be performed at full load (load spectrum coefficient 1). Depending on the reeving arrangement
or in the case of opposed winding, the load shall be increased or the test period correspondingly extended
(see G.3.2).
G.3.3.2 Time sequence
The test shall be performed with the permitted values specified by the manufacturer for operating time and number
of starts of the drive. The operating time may be collated into a block of time within a 2 min cycle. Additional
stopping points shall be provided along the lifting path in order to achieve the number of starts of the drive, if
required.
When the steady-state temperature has been reached, the test may be conducted at steady-state temperature with
regulated external cooling with an increased operating time and increased number of starts of the drive in order to
reduce the test periods.
G.3.3.3 Paths, cycles
With 1/1 reeving arrangements and lifting speeds up to 12,5 m/min, the load paths per start shall not exceed 6 m
for rope load bearing means, and 4 m for chain load bearing means. At higher lifting speeds, the load paths per
start shall not exceed 10 m for rope load bearing means and 6 m for chain load bearing means.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
84
NOTE These values apply for the winding paths and winding speeds for tests with opposed winding arrangements.
For 2/1 reeving arrangements, half of the above values for load paths and load speeds may apply in each case.
The load shall be lifted from the floor at the start of at least every 4
th
lifting motion (not including intermediate stops
to achieve the number of starts of the drive). If the calculation of the rope reeving arrangement and drive are based
on a start via creep speed motor or pole-changing operation, one in four of the lifting motions started to lift the load
from the floor (i.e. at the start of every 16
th
lifting motion to lift the load without intermediate stops to achieve the
number of starts of the drive) shall be performed by the main hoist motor only, providing the control system does
not prevent this (see G.5).
For tests with opposing winding arrangements, the lowering (unwinding) hoist mechanism shall not start operation
until the lifting (winding) hoist mechanism is lifting at steady-state speed. The brake of the lowering hoist
mechanism shall not be applied until lifting hoist mechanism has come to a standstill.
G.3.3.4 Maintenance work
All maintenance work prescribed by the manufacturer or relevant regulations shall be performed according to the
duration of service.
G.4 Acceptance criteria
The tests shall be considered as finished when the series hoist mechanism is still serviceable, however when
recognisable damage indicates that there is an immediate risk of failure, at the latest. The period elapsed until this
time counts as the achieved service life in full load hours.
The test is considered to have been completed with success if
a) after completing at least three tests, the average value of the achieved service life is greater than the required
number of full load hours for the test group of mechanisms and the lowest achieved service life is not less than
10 % below the value for the group of mechanisms, or
b) after completing one test, the achieved service life in full load hours is at least 20 % higher than the required
number of full load hours for the group of mechanisms.
G.5 Calculation and Figures
a) Load increase for test with higher reeving by means of constant factor;
Example:
smallest offered reeving arrangement 1/1;
tested reeving arrangement 2/1 or 4/2 : load increase factor = 1,1;
tested reeving arrangement 4/1 or 8/2: load increase factor = 1,1 = 1,21;
tested reeving arrangement 8/1: load increase factor = 1,1 = 1,331.
b) rigid body kinetic stress resultant during acceleration:
reeving n/k:
where
F is the drive force reduced to hook path [N];
--`,,,`,,`,,``,`,``,`,,,,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
85
k n
X
/
& &
is the acceleration of the load [m/s];
R
m are the moments of inertia reduced to hook path of motor, brake, gearbox, drum or chain sprocket
[
R
m ] = kg;
m is the mass of the load, [m] = kg;
k n
S
/
is the rope or chain force stress resultant, [
k n
S
/
] = N;
S F m X
n k R n k / /
&&
=
m m
k
n
m
k
n
mg
m m
k
n
m
S
R
R
R
k n
F
+
+
+
=
/
Calculation of the rope forces for the smallest offered reeving
ang
S and for the tested reeving
test
S .
Mathematically required rigid body kinetic load variation factor:
Example: mg F 6 , 1 = ; m m
R
=
smallest offered reeving: 1/1
tested reeving: 2/1
1,083
1 / 2
1 / 1
= = =
S
S
S
S
f
test
ang
Last
Calculation of the operating time variation as a function of the load variation factor and the share of acceleration
and braking times.
( ) [ ] 1 1
3
+ = Last
Last vor test
f p D D
T
T
p
bv
Last
=
where
test
D is the duration of the extended test time in hours, [ ] h D
test
= ;
vor
D is the number of full load hours required for classification according to FEM group of mechanisms;
[ ]
vor
D h
bv
T is the sum of the acceleration and braking times during a lifting cycle, [ ] s T
bv
= ;
f
S
S
Last
ang
test
=
--`,,,`,,`,,``,`,``,`,,,,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
86
T is the duration of a lifting cycle, [ ] s T = .
Key
2m sum of the related capacitiesof the two single hoist numbers 1 and 2
1 lowering hoist mechanism
2 lifting hoist mechanism
Figure G.1 Opposed winding arrangement
Key
1 highest load position
2 lowest load position
Figure G.2 Symmetrical rope lead-off about the drum centre
--`,,,`,,`,,``,`,``,`,,,,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
87
Key
1 creep speed
2 stop to achieve the number of starts
3 creep speed
Figure G.3 Normal lifting operation during the test (Cycle I)
Key
1 creep speed
3 creep speed
Figure G.4 Picking the load up from the floor at the start of every 4
th
lifting operation (Cycle II)
Key
Figure G.5 Every 4
th
pick up from the floor at main lifting speed, if possible (Cycle III)
--`,,,`,,`,,``,`,``,`,,,,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
88
Test procedure:
3 x cycle I; cycle II;
3 x cycle I; cycle III, if possible; otherwise repeat cycle II
--`,,,`,,`,,``,`,``,`,,,,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
89
Annex H
(informative)
Documents for hooks
Documents for consideration:
a) Design system 1:
DIN 15400, Lifting hooks, mechanical properties, load capacities, stresses and materials
or
b) Design system 2:
UNI 9465, Lifting hooks for lifting appliances Mechanical properties Lifting capacities, stresses and
materials.
NOTE Although Annex H is an informative annex the standards of the 2 systems should not be mixed.
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--`,,,`,,`,,``,`,``,`,,,,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
E
N

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--`,,,`,,`,,``,`,``,`,,,,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
92
Annex J
(normative)
Selection of motors
J.1 General
For the convenience of the reader, this annex reproduces with permission of FEM subclause 5.8 (pages 5.18
to 5.30) of FEM 1.001, booklet 5 (3
rd
edition 1998-10-01 Rev 1992-10-01) except for the clause numbering, figure
numbering and page numbering which have been changed to suit this annex and some modifications to meet the
CEN rules.
Annex J is structured into three clauses:
1
st
part J.2: General determinations for the selection of motors and dimensioning of motors according to thermal
aspects, usually applying on all sorts of drives in intermittent service.
In J.2.4 "SQUIRREL-CAGE MOTOR" includes a method to calculate, suitable for asynchronous squirrel cage
motor. This method, given on a trial basis, has to be tested.
2
nd
part J.3: Special determinations to dimension motors according to the maximum torque required to LIFTING
motions and according to data on stress occurring during the use of these drives.
3
rd
part J.4: As in 2
nd
part, but this clause applies on motors for HORIZONTAL motions.
J.2 Criteria for motor selection (EN 60034-1)
J.2.1 General
Required powers - the thermal power is also included in these required powers;
maximum rated torque and maximum acceleration torque;
cyclic duration factor;
number of cycles/hour;
type of control (type of braking); } driving systems
speed regulation; } driving systems
type of power feed; } driving systems
degree of protection, (environmental conditions); } driving systems
ambient temperature;
altitude.
For the pre-dimensioning of the motor, account has to be taken of:
the thermal calculation as per J.2.4;
--`,,,`,,`,,``,`,``,`,,,,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
93
the maximum required torque:
for hoisting mechanisms as per J.3.1;
for horizontal motions as per J.4.1.
The motor has to comply with the two requirements.
If the required torque diagrams, in order to define the mean equivalent torque (as per J.2.4.1) are not available,
these can be assessed respectively with the help of Tables J.1 and J.2.
J.2.2 Remarks on the selection of motors
The selection of the motor should be agreed with the manufacturer in taking into account the torque and powers
calculated in the following clauses and the real operating conditions of the motor.
In the event of electronic power control, the definition of the motors has to be made in co-operation with the
manufacturer, taking into account the cooling system and the speed range.
J.2.3 Degree of protection according to EN 60034-5
J.2.3.1 Indoor application
For indoor application under normal conditions, motors shall comply with IP 23 at least.
In dusty environment, motors shall comply with IP 44 at least.
J.2.3.2 Outdoor application
For outdoor application, motors shall comply with IP 54 at least.
In case of water condensation risk, care should be taken that the water condensation drain holes remain open.
J.2.3.3 Particular application
Motors may comply with a lower degree of protection if they are appropriately protected, or protected by external
means for their particular application.
J.2.3.4 Explosive environments
In potentially explosive environments, motors shall be explosion-proof in accordance with EN 60079-0 and EN
50020.
J.2.4 Thermal calculation of the motor
J.2.4.1 Mean equivalent torque
In order to carry out the thermal calculation, the mean equivalent torque shall be determined as a function of the
required torque during the working cycles, by the following equation:
n 3 2 1
n
2
3
2
3 2
2
2 1
2
1
med
...
...
t t t t
t M t M t M t M
M
n
+ + + +
+ + + +
=
where
-
-
`
,
,
,
`
,
,
`
,
,
`
`
,
`
,
`
`
,
`
,
,
,
,
`
`
,
,
`
`
`
-
`
-
`
,
,
`
,
,
`
,
`
,
,
`
-
-
-
EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
94
t
1
, t
2
, t
3
,.t
n
are the periods during which the different torque values are produced; periods of rest are not
taken into account;
M
1
, M
2
, M
3
,., M
n
are the calculated torque values, in taking into account all the inertia forces including the
one of the rotor mass of the motor.
In case of variable loads, at least 10 successive working cycles for the pre-dimensioning, shall be taken into
account (see definition 2.1.2.2 of FEM 1.001, booklet 2).
Figure J.1 shows an example of the torque operation for 2 different cycles.
J.2.4.2 Mean equivalent power
Starting from the equivalent torque, the mean equivalent power P
med
in kW is defined by the following equations:
550 9
n
med
med
=
M
P
where
med
M is the mean equivalent torque in Nm;
n is the speed of motor in 1/min.
The defined motor can be selected in S3 duty if one single motion operation is not exceeding 10 min. Should this
not be the case, a special study has to be made.
For the squirrel cage motors, the pre-dimensioning will be carried out according to the method described in J.2.5.
For the motor selection, the mean equivalent power
med
P shall be corrected as a function of altitude if it exceeds
1 000 m and the ambient temperature if it deviates from 40 C (see J.2.6).
-
-
`
,
,
,
`
,
,
`
,
,
`
`
,
`
,
`
`
,
`
,
,
,
,
`
`
,
,
`
`
`
-
`
-
`
,
,
`
,
,
`
,
`
,
,
`
-
-
-
EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
95
Key
1 cycle 1, rated load
2 raising with rated load
3 lowering with rated load
4 raising without load
5 lowering without load
6 driving with rated load and resisting wind
7 driving without load abd with driving wind
8 cycle 2, Partial load
9 raising with partial load
10 lowering with partial load
11 raising without load
12 lowering without load
13 driving with partial load and resisting wind
14 driving without load and with driving wind
X time
Y1 hoisting torque, hoisting motion
Y2 driving torque, horizontal motion
Figure J.1 Torque operation for two different cycles
--`,,,`,,`,,``,`,``,`,,,,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
96
Table J.1 Typical operation of torque for 2 different cycles
Hoisting motion/torque Horizontal
motion/torque
t
r
: rest time t
r
: rest time
M
1
, M
4
, M
7
, M
10
Starting torque M
1
, M
4
Starting torque
M
2
, M
8
Hoisting torque raising M
2
Driving torque with load and
resisting wind
M
3
, M
6
, M
9
, M
12
Braking torque M
3
, M
6
Braking torque
M
5
, M
11
Hoisting torque lowering M
5
Driving torque without load
and with driving wind
J.2.5 Squirrel cage motor
The following inequality has to be checked for the pre-dimensioning of the squirrel cage motors:
( ) ( )

+ >
180
10
P 1 1
3 2
moy
E
N
D
N N moy moy N N K
n J
t
I
I
P t T P C
where
( ) T P
N N
1 is the loss energy of the motor working at its rated power (S1) during a time T;
( )
N moy moy
1 t P is the loss energy of the motor during the time
n
t (constant speed) in a cycle;
180
10 n
3
moy
2
E
N
D
J
t
I
I
P
N
is the loss energy of the motor during the starting and braking phases;
K
C is the correction factor linked to the type of motor;
N
P is the nominal power in kW of the motor in continuous (S1) duty;
N
is the efficiency of the motor at

N
P ;
550 9
moy moy
moy
n M
P

=
moy
n is the speed of motor for power
moy
P in 1/min;
moy
M is the mean resisting torque in Nm calculated in the same manner as
med
M in
removing the starting and braking phases;
moy
is the efficiency of the motor at power
moy
P ;
T is the total time of cycle in s; T
stop E N
t t t T + + =
T
t t
E N
+
=
100
ED
-
-
`
,
,
,
`
,
,
`
,
,
`
`
,
`
,
`
`
,
`
,
,
,
,
`
`
,
,
`
`
`
-
`
-
`
,
,
`
,
,
`
,
`
,
,
`
-
-
-
EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
97
N
t is the operating time at constant speed during one cycle in s;
E
t is the equivalent time of starting and braking during one cycle in s;
( )
cy icy ccy
acc
moy E
3 0,5
30
f d d
M
J
n t + + =

J is the total inertia of masses in motion referred to the motor shaft in kg
2
m ;
ccy
d is the number of complete starts during one cycle;
icy
d is the number of impulses during one cycle;
cy
f is the number of electrical brakings during one cycle;
acc
M is the mean accelerating torque in Nm;
moy moy D acc
M M M =
moy D
M is the mean starting torque of motor in Nm.
The following data has to be indicated by the motor manufacturer:
N
P nominal power (kW) of motor in continuous (S1) duty;
N
efficiency with nominal power;
4 / 5 ... 4 / 1
efficiency for 1/4
N
P 5/4
N
P powers;
M
J moment of inertia of motor in kg m
2
;
4 1/4.....5/
n speed of motor at 1/4
N
P 5/4
N
P in 1/min;
Dmoy
M mean starting torque of motor in Nm;
N D
I I / ratio between the starting current and the current at
N
P ;
K
C correction factor linked to the type of motor.
In case the
K
C factor is not mentioned in the manufacturer's catalogue,
K
C shall be taken equal to 1 for motor of
polarity equal or above 4.
J.2.6 Power correction in function of ambient temperature and altitude
These corrections are depending from the type of motor, the cooling method and the insulation class.
The precise calculation can only be made by the motor manufacturer in supplying them with the following
indications:
med
P without correction;
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
98
values of ambient temperature;
altitude.
The pre-dimensioning can be based on the values indicated in Figure J.2 in using the following equation:
k
'
med
med
P
P =
or
k
'
moy
moy
P
P = for squirrel cage motors.
moy
' P or
med
' P is the required nominal power of motor as function of altitude and ambient temperature.
Key
X ambient temperature (C) 1 alttitude 1 000 m
Y correction factor K 2 alttitude 2 000 m
3 alttitude 3 000 m
4 alttitude 4 000 m
Figure J.2 Correction as function of ambient temperature and altitude
The K > 1 (dotted line) coefficient values shall be defined between the motor manufacturer and the hoisting
appliances manufacturer.
The ambient temperature shall be indicated above an altitude of 1 000 m.
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99
J.2.7 Cyclic duration factor and number of working cycles per hour
The cyclic duration factor is given by the following equation:
( ) % 100
time idle time Operating
time Operating
+
= ED
The operating time and the number of operations per hour of the motors as well as the number of working cycles of
the crane, are an important base for the thermal definition of the motors and which should be agreed between the
user and the manufacturer of the crane. In case it is not possible to give these indications in a precise manner, it
should be referred to Tables J.2 and J.3.
J.3 Motors for vertical motions
J.3.1 Determination of required torque
For a hoisting motor, the required power to raise the maximum rated load ( )
Nmax
P is defined in kW in taking account
of the configuration of the transmission and of the reeving according to the following equation:
3 L
max N
10
V L
P
where
L is the maximum nominal permissible lifting force in N;
L
V is the lifting speed in m/s;
is the efficient of machinery.
It gives the required torque to raise the maximum nominal load
n
P
M
550 9
max N
max N
=
where
n is the rotating speed of the motor in 1/min.
In order to be able to develop the necessary torque for acceleration, for lifting the test load or for compensation for
variations in the mains voltage and frequency, the torque developed by the motor shall satisfy the following
minimum condition:
for squirrel cage motors with direct starting
1,6
Nmax
min
M
M
where
min
M is the minimum torque of the motor during starting.
for slip ring motors
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
100
1,9
Nmax
max
M
M
where
max
M is the being the maximum torque of the motor.
For all types of motors which are fed by variable voltages and /or frequencies
1,4
Nmax
max
M
M
The mechanical braking torque at the motor shaft
F
M should at least be equal to
static:
2
Nmax
2 M M
F

dynamic:
2
Nmax F
5 , 1 M M
Definition of the braking torque:
static: is the required minimum torque which prevents the brake from slipping when being at standstill;
dynamic: is the braking torque produced by the brake during the whole duration of a braking cycle.
In the event of an electrical braking, it shall be capable to slow down the load in complete safety.
J.3.2 Cyclic duration factor and number of cycles per hour
In the case where no precise indications are given, the values mentioned in Table J.2 can be chosen.
--`,,,`,,`,,``,`,``,`,,,,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
101
Table J.2 Indications for the number of cycles per hour and the cycles duration factor for the vertical
motions
Type of appliance Cyclic duration factors for three types
of mechanisms
Ref Designation
Precisions
conc. the type
of utilisation
a
Number of
cycles per
hour
Lifting
Derricking
hinged boom
Derricking
boom
1 Appliance with manual drive
2 Jib cranes for assembling 2 to 25 25 to 40 25
3 Assembling and dismantling
cranes for power stations
machine shops
2 to 15 15 to 40
4 Stocking and reclaiming
transporters
Hook 20 to 60 40
S2 15 - 30 min
b
transporters
Grab or magnet 25 to 80 60 to 100
S2 15 - 30 min
b
6 Workshop cranes 10 to 50 25 to 40
7 Overhead travelling cranes, pig
breaking cranes
Scrap charging cranes
Grab or magnet 40 to 120
40 to 100
60
8 Ladle cranes 3 to 10 40 to 60
9 Soaking pit cranes 30 to 60 40 to 60
10 Stripper cranes, open hearth
furnace charging cranes
30
10
60
60
11 Forge cranes 6 40
12.a Unloading bridge cranes,
Bridge cranes (for containers)
Hook or spreader 20 to 60 40 to 60 S2 15 - 30 min
12.b Other bridge cranes (with crab
and/or rotating crane)
Hook 20 to 60 40 to 60
S2 15 - 30 min
b
13 Unloading bridge cranes,
Bridge cranes (with crab and/or
rotating crane)
Grab or magnet 20 to 80
40 to 100
60
S2 15 - 30 min
b
14 Shipyard jib cranes, dismantling
jib cranes
Hook 20 to 50 40 40
15 Wharf cranes (rotating on
bridge crane), floating cranes
and shear legs
Hook
40
20
40 to 60 40 to 60
bridge crane), floating cranes
and shear legs
Grab or magnet 25 to 60 60 to 100 40 to 60
17 Floating cranes and shear legs
for heavy lifts (usually > 100 t)
2 to 10
S1 or
S2 30 min
b
S2 15 -
30 min
b
18 Deck cranes Hook 30 to 60 40 40
19 Deck cranes Grab or magnet 30 to 80 60 60
20 Site tower cranes 20 40 to 60 25 to 40
21 Derrick cranes
10
S1 or
S2 30 min
b
S2 30 min
b
22 Railway cranes, admitted for
railway traffic
10 40
a
This column comprises only some indicatory typical cases of utilisation.
b
It is recommended for S1and S2 to refer to the definition of EN 60034-1.
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102
J.4 Motors for horizontal motions
J.4.1 General
In order to select travel motors correctly, all the necessary torque (or power) values shall be considered, taking into
account the starting time, the number of starting cycles per hour and the cyclic duration factor. The maximum
transmissible torque of the travel motors is limited by the adhesion of the driven travel wheels on their tracks.
J.4.2 Determining the torque necessary
The maximum torque necessary is determined from the loading specified in FEM 1.001, booklet 2 without taking
into account the coefficient
m
:
case I for cranes not exposed to wind;
case II for cranes exposed to wind.
case III a for cranes exposed to exceptional loadings (for the determination of the brakes).
The travel motors shall deliver the necessary torque for the acceleration and the maintaining of the speed:
Speed maintaining torque.
To determine the torque necessary for maintaining the speed, account has to be taken of the sum of forces (w)
resisting to travel resulting from the dead weight, the load and operating conditions such as:
deformation of the running surface;
friction of the wheels on straight sections and in curves;
wind force;
gradients in the track;
necessary traction of power supply cable.
Acceleration torque (running up to speed).
The acceleration torque shall take into account the sum of the acceleration forces of the mass of useful load and of
the other masses put into motion.
For the acceleration values, see Table T 2.2.3.1.1 of FEM 1.001, booklet 2.
The necessary torque can be calculated by the following equation (see Figure J.1).
Case I:
[ ] ( )

+ +
=
n
m m
M M
2
60 v w a
o L
n 1
K
Case II:
the largest of the values from the results of the following equation shall be taken into account
[ ] ( )
2
60 v w a
8 L
1

+ +
=
n
m m
M M
n
K and
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
103

=
n
M M
n
2
60 v w
5 2
1
K
where
a is the acceleration in m/s
2
(at constant speed a = 0);
L
m is the mass of useful load in kg;
0
w ,
8
w ,
25
w is the total travel resistance in N (in certain cases of utilisation, w can become negative):
0
w at zero wind;
8
w at a wind of 80 N/m
2
;
25
w at a wind of 250 /N/m
2
;
v is the travel speed in m/s;
n rotation speed of motors in 1/min;
is the overall efficiency of mechanism;
m is the equivalent mass in kg of all parts put into motion, excluding the load, which is supposed to be
concentrated at the suspension point of the load;
+ =
rot o
m m m
0
m is the mass in kg of the whole of the elements, excluding the load, undergoing the same horizontal motion
as the suspension point of the load;
rot
m is the equivalent mass in kg of the rotating parts referred to linear motion.
The inertia of the rotating masses, referred to linear motion is evaluated, using the following equation:
=
2
2
x
rot
v
n
91,2
1
J m
where
x
n is the speed of rotating masses in 1/min;
J is the moment of inertia of all rotating masses in kgm
2
.
For determining the maximum torque of the motor, the highest values of the calculated torque shall be taken into
account.
For slip ring motors used for the horizontal motions, the starting resistances shall be so defined that the minimum
torque delivered by the motor is never less than 1,2 times the torque required to maintain the travel speed.
J.4.3 Cyclic duration factor and number of cycles per hour
In the case where no precise indications are given, the values mentioned in Table J.3 can be chosen.
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104
J.4.4 Rotation
The calculation is carried out in an analogous fashion to J.4.1 angular speeds being substituted for the linear
speeds.
J.4.5 Span variation
If the span variation in the case of luffing jibs, leads to an elevation or to a lowering of the centre of gravity of the
masses put into motion, the calculation can be carried out in an analogous fashion to J.4 in the factor (w) the forces
required to the vertical displacement of the centre of gravity.
Table J.3 Indications for the number of cycles per hour and the cyclic duration factor for the horizontal
motions
Type of appliance
Cyclic duration factors for three types
of mechanisms
Ref Designation
Precisions conc.
the type of
utilisation
a
Number of
cycles per
hour
Rotation Crab Travel
1 Appliance with manual drive
2 Jib cranes for assembling 2 to 25 25 25 to 40 25 to 40
3 Assembling and dismantling
cranes for power stations
machine shops
2 to 15 25 25
transporters
Hook 20 to 60 15 to 40 40 to 60 25 to 40
transporters
Grab or magnet 25 to 60 40 60 15 to 40
6 Workshop cranes 10 to 50 25 to 40 25 to 40
7 Overhead travelling cranes,
pig breaking cranes
Crap charging cranes
Grab or magnet 40 to 120 40 to 60 60 to 100
8 Ladle cranes 3 to 10 40 to 60 40 to 60
9 Soaking pit cranes 30 to 60 40 40 to 60 40 to 60
10 Stripper cranes, open
hearth furnace charging
cranes
30
10
40
40
60
40
11 Forge cranes 6 100 25 25
12.a Unloading bridge cranes,
bridge cranes (with crab
Hook or spreader 20 to 60 15 to 40
12.b Other bridge cranes (with
crab and/or rotating crane)
Hook 20 to 60 25 to 40 40 to 60 25 to 40
13 Unloading bridge cranes,
bridge cranes (with crab
Grab or magnet 20 to 80 40 40 to 100 15 to 60
14 Shipyard jib cranes,
dismantling jib cranes
Hook 20 to 50 25 to 40 40 15 to 25
bridge crane), floating
cranes and shear legs
Hook
40
20
40 to 60 25 to 40
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
105
Table J.3 (concluded)
Type of appliance
Cyclic duration factors for three types
of mechanisms
Ref Designation
Precisions conc.
the type of
utilisation
a
Number of
cycles per
hour
Rotation Crab Travel
bridge crane), floating
cranes and shear legs
Grab or magnet 25 to 60 15 to 40
17
Floating cranes and shear
legs for heavy lifts (usually >
100t)
2 to 10
18
Deck cranes
Hook 30 to 60 40
19
Deck cranes
Grab or magnet 30 to 80 60
20
Site tower cranes
20 40 to 60 25 15 to 40
21
Derrick cranes
10 25
22
Railway cranes, admitted
for railway traffic
10 25
a
This column comprises only some indicatory typical cases of utilisation.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
106
Annex K
(normative)
Noise test code
K.1 Scope
This noise test code specifies all the information necessary to carry out efficiently and under standardized
conditions the determination, declaration and verification of the noise emission characteristics of power driven
hoists.
Noise emission characteristics include emission sound pressure levels and the sound power level. The
determination of these quantities is necessary for:
manufacturers to declare the noise emitted;
comparing the noise emitted by machines in the family concerned;
purposes of noise control at the source at the design stage.
The use of this noise test code ensures reproducibility of the determination of the noise emission characteristics
within specified limits determined by the grade of accuracy of the basic noise measurement method used. Noise
measurement methods allowed by this European Standard are engineering methods (grade 2).
The C-weighted peak emission sound pressure levels of hoist usually have such a low value that it is not necessary
to measure and to declare them.
K.2 Standards used in this annex
prEN 15011, Cranes Bridge and gantry cranes
EN ISO 3744, Acoustics Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure
Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 3744:1994)
EN ISO 4871, Acoustics Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment
(ISO 4871:1996)
EN ISO 11201, Acoustics Noise emitted by machinery and equipment Measurement of emission sound
pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions Engineering method in an essentially free field
over a reflecting plane (ISO 11201:1995)
K.3 Description of the machine family
This annex applies to hoists within the scope of this European Standard.
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107
K.4 Determination of the emission sound pressure level at the operators position by
measurement
K.4.1 General
A-weighted emission sound pressure levels shall be measured according EN ISO 11201.
The test cycles and measurements shall be repeated at least three times, the test result being the arithmetic
average value. This average value shall be the A-weighted emission sound pressure level to be declared together
with the location at a distance of 1 m where it has been determined.
K.4.2 Hoists, other than NGL building hoists
NOTE 1 These are hoists within the scope of this European Standard, with the exception of NGL building hoists.
Hoists are primarily integrated in cranes. Therefore the location of the operator is unknown when manufacturing the
hoist. Thus, the A-weighted emission sound pressure level shall be measured at a distance of 1 m from the main
noise source of the hoist.
NOTE 2 The main noise source is usually the hoist drive.
NOTE 3 The emission sound pressure level at the operators position which is normally at a distance other than 1 m, can be
estimated according to the following equation, after the hoist unit has been integrated in the installation which is operated in a
building of usual structural design:
=
l
r
p p
d
d
L L
r
lg 10
1
(K.1)
where
1
p
L is the sound pressure level measured at a distance of
1
d = 1m from the source of sound;
r
p
L is the sound pressure level to be determined at a distance of
r
d from the source of sound.
The equation above results in a reduction of the A-weighted sound pressure level by 3 dB with doubled
distance. This empirical value takes structural influences into account for normal enclosed areas, e.g. the
reflection of sound waves from walls.
K.5 Determination of the sound power level
K.5.1 General
As basic noise emission measurement standard EN ISO 3744 shall be used, with exception of the microphone
positions.
NOTE 1 These are hoists within the scope of this European Standard, with the exception of NGL building hoists.
The A-weighted emission sound pressure level at the location of the operator is usually below 85 dB. Therefore,
this noise test code does not deal with the determination of the sound power level for hoists other than
NGL building hoists.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
108
However, if it is necessary to determine the sound power level, this shall be done according to EN ISO 3744, i.e.
+ =
0
2
2
lg 10
S
r
L L
pf W
(K.2)
where
W
L is the sound power level [dB];
pf
L is the average A-weighted emission sound pressure level on the measurement surface (hemisphere) [dB];
0
S is 1 [m
2
];
r is the radius of the hemisphere (distance of the microphone from the main noise source of the hoist unit,
see K.4.1) [m].
NOTE 2 It may be necessary to state the sound power level, if the sound pressure level at the location of the operator is
determined for the entire installation in which the hoist unit is integrated. This is e.g. the case in prEN 15011:2004.
K.5.3 NGL building hoists
NOTE NGL building hoists belong to the group of construction winches, as defined in Directive 2000/14/EC, Article 13:
- construction winches (with electrical motor), definition: Annex I, item 12.
For NGL building hoists the largest dimension does not exceed 8 m. Therefore the measurement surface of the
microphone positions shall be a hemisphere and there shall be six microphone positions.
The location of the 6 microphone positions distributed on the surface of a hemisphere of radius r are listed in the
form of Cartesian coordinates in Table K.1. The radius r of the hemisphere shall be equal to or greater than twice
the largest dimension of the reference parallelepiped. The reference parallelepiped is defined as the smallest
possible rectangular parallelepiped just enclosing the NGL building hoist and terminating on the reflecting plane.
The radius of the hemisphere shall be rounded to the nearest higher of the following values: 4 m or 8 m.
Table K.1 Coordinates of the 6 microphone positions
Number of microphones x/r y/r z
[m]
1 + 0,70 + 0,70 1,50
2 - 0,70 + 0,70 1,50
3 - 0,70 - 0,70 1,50
4 + 0,70 - 0,70 1,50
5 - 0,27 + 0,65 0,71 r
6 + 0,27 - 0,65 0,71 r
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
109
Key
r radius of the hemisphere
Figure K.1 Microphone positions on the hemisphere
The influence of the environment shall be corrected by:
0
2
=
A
K (K.3)
where
A
K
2
is the environmental correction factor (see EN ISO 3744:1995, 8.4) [dB].
The surface sound pressure level shall be determined at least three times. If at least two of the determined values
do not differ by more than 1 dB, further measurements will not be necessary; otherwise the measurements shall be
continued until two values differing by no more than 1 dB are obtained. The A-weighted surface sound pressure
level to be used for calculating the sound power level is the arithmetic mean of the two highest values that do not
differ by more than 1 dB.
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110
K.6 Mounting and operation conditions
K.6.1 General
The mounting and operation conditions shall be the same for the determination of both, the sound pressure level
and the sound power level.
NOTE The mounting and operating conditions can be different for different types of hoists.
The hoist shall be warmed up in accordance with the instructions before the noise measurement commences.
Safety requirements shall be observed.
The test cycles during measurement shall represent the normal application, i.e. lifting the load and travelling of the
trolley at the same time and at the maximum speed appropriately defined for the suspended load. These test
conditions include all relevant noise sources of the hoist unit.
The hoist and its trolley shall be installed on rails under the specified conditions of use. The vertical distance
between the rails and the ground surface shall be such, that lifting and lowering of a load during the test cycle is
possible.
When determining the emission sound pressure level at the operators position in order to minimize the test effort it
is sufficient, to measure the noise at a single microphone position. When measuring the noise level during travelling
of the trolley the microphone shall be either connected with the travelling trolley or shall be mounted separately
from the moving trolley stationary on the ground.
The load handled during the test cycles shall be close to the rated capacity, with the following exception. For hoist
units with a reeving (e.g. 2/1, 4/1), the measurement may be carried out with a smaller reeving and a
correspondingly smaller load instead of the reeving provided for the rated capacity. This means for example, that
with a rated capacity of 40 t with 4/1 reeving, the measurement may also be carried out with a load of 10 t with 1/1
reeving.
With open type hoists travelling of the trolley is not necessary if the size of the travelling motor is at least two sizes
smaller than the hoist motor. Instead of travelling a value of 1 dB shall be added to the noise value, measured
when lifting the load.
K.6.3 NGL building hoists
The test shall be carried out with the NGL building hoist in a stationary position without operating the travelling
mechanism. For the purpose of the test, the hoisting speed shall be no less than the rated hoisting speed and the
lowering speed shall be no less than the rated lowering speed.
The hoist shall be mounted on a reflecting surface of concrete or non-porous asphalt. The geometrical centre of the
hoisting equipment shall be positioned above the centre of the hemisphere; the hoist shall be connected but no
load shall be applied.
The frequency of the supply current, specified for the motor by the manufacturer, shall be stable at plus or minus
1 Hz.
The operating conditions during the test shall be actuating the drum movement clockwise and anti-clockwise with
the higher speed foreseen by the manufacturer; the hook shall be free of load. The period of observation shall at
least be 15 s.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
111
K.7 Uncertainties
At the present point of time no technical data are available to determine the standard deviation of reproducibility for
the machine family covered by this annex. Therefore the values specified in the basic standards for noise emission
may be considered as upper limits which can be used to determine uncertainty K when preparing the noise
declaration. Investigations which require the effort of all manufacturers are necessary to determine possible lower
values for the standard deviation of the reproducibility resulting in lower values of uncertainty K. The results of such
investigations will be reflected in future versions of this European Standard.
K.8 Information to be recorded
The information to be recorded is that required by EN ISO 11201:1995, Clause 12, and, if the sound power level is
determined, by EN ISO 3744:1995, Clause 9.
Details of the operating conditions during the determination of noise emission shall be recorded, including the
speed used and the corresponding net power.
K.9 Information to be reported
The information to be given in the test report is that required by EN ISO 11201:1995, Clause 13, and, if the sound
power level is determined, by EN ISO 3744:1995, Clause10.
Details of the operating conditions during the determination of noise emission shall be reported, including the
speed used and the corresponding net power.
K.10 Declaration and verification of noise emission values
The noise emission quantities to be declared are those listed in Clause 7.
Noise emission values shall be declared in accordance with EN ISO 4871.
The declaration shall have a single-number format (see EN ISO 4871) i.e. the values measured according to K.4
and K.5 and the uncertainty K as described in K.7 shall be declared separately.
If a verification is carried out, this shall be done using the same test conditions as those used for the initial test.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
112
Annex L
(informative)
Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application
Is there a product standard in the following list that suits the application?
EN 13000:2004 Cranes Mobile cranes
prEN 14439:2002 Cranes Safety Tower cranes
prEN 14985:2004 Cranes Slewing jib cranes
prEN 15011:2004 Cranes Bridge and gantry cranes
EN 13852-1:2004 Cranes Offshore cranes Part 1: General-purpose offshore cranes
EN 13852-2:2004 Cranes Offshore cranes Part 2: Floating cranes
prEN 14492-1:2006 Cranes Power driven winches and hoists Part 1: Power driven winches
prEN 14492-2:2006 Cranes Power driven winches and hoists Part 2: Power driven hoists
EN 12999:2002 Cranes Loader cranes
EN 13157:2004 Cranes Hand powered lifting equipment
EN 13155:2003 Cranes Non-fixed load lifting attachments
EN 14238:2004 Cranes Manually controlled load manipulating devices
YES
Use it directly, plus the
standards that are referred to
NO

Use the following:
EN 13001-1:2004 Cranes General design Part 1: General principles and requirements
EN 13001-2:2004 Cranes General design Part 2: Load actions
CEN/TS 13001-3-1:2004 Cranes General design Part 3-1: Limit states and proof of competence of steel
structures
CEN/TS 13001-3-2:2004 Cranes General design Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in
reeving systems
prCEN/TS 13001-3-3 Cranes General design Part 3.3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel / rail
contacts
EN 13135-1:2003 Cranes Safety Design Requirements for equipment Part 1: Electrotechnical
equipment
EN 13135-2:2004 Cranes Equipment Part 2: Non-electrotechnical equipment
EN 13557:2003 Cranes Controls and control stations
EN 12077-2:1998 Cranes safety Requirements for health and safety Part 2: Limiting and indicating
devices
EN 13586:2004 Cranes Access
EN 14502-1:2005 Cranes Equipment for lifting persons Part 1: Suspended baskets
EN 14502-2:2005 Cranes Equipment for the lifting of persons Part 2: Elevating control stations
EN 12644-1:2001 Cranes Information for use and testing Part 1: Instructions
EN 12644-2:2000 Cranes Information for use and testing Part 2: Marking
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
113
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association to provide one means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New
Approach Directive Machinery 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has been
implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of this
standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the relevant
Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the
scope of this standard.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
114
Annex ZB
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 94/9/EC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association to provide one means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New
Approach Directive ATEX 94/9/EC.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has been
implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative subclause 5.15 of
this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the relevant
Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the
scope of this standard.
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
115
Bibliography
[1] EN 13135-2:2004, Cranes Equipment Part 2: Non-electrotechnical equipment
[2] prEN 15011:2004, Cranes Bridge and gantry cranes
[3] EN 60079-10, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres Part 10: Classification of hazardous
areas (IEC 60079-10:2002)
[4] CEN/TS 13001-3-1:2004, Cranes General design Part 3-1: Limit states and proof of competence of
steel structures
[5] EN ISO 8044:1999, Corrosion of metals and alloys Basic terms and definitions (ISO 8044:1999)
[6] EN ISO 8565:1995, Metals and alloys Atmospheric corrosion testing General requirements for field
tests (ISO 8565:1992)
[7] EN ISO 11688-2:2000, Acoustics Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment Part 2: Introduction to the physics of low-noise design (ISO/TR 11688-2:1998)
[8] ISO 4309:1990, Cranes Wire ropes Care, maintenance, installation, examination and discard
[9] ISO 5598:1985, Fluid power systems and components Vocabulary
[10] ISO 6336-1:1996, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 1: Basic principles,
introduction and general influence factors
[11] ISO 6336-2:1996, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 2: Calculation of surface
durability (pittings)
[12] ISO 6336-5:2003, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 5: Strength and quality of
materials
[13] ISO 8407:1991, Corrosion of metals and alloys Removal of corrosion products from corrosion test
specimens
[14] ISO 9223:1992, Corrosion of metals and alloys Corrosivity of atmospheres Classification
[15] ISO 9224:1992, Corrosion of metals and alloys Corrosivity of atmospheres Guiding values for the
corrosivity categories
[16] ISO 9225:1992, Corrosion of metals and alloys Corrosivity of atmospheres - Measurement of pollution
[17] ISO 9226:1992, Corrosion of metals and alloys Corrosivity of atmospheres Determination of corrosion
rate of standard specimens for the evaluation of corrosivity
[18] BS 2903, Specification for higher tensile hooks for chains, slings, blocks and general engineering purposes
[19] DIN 15400, Lifting hooks , mechanical properties, load capacities, stresses and materials
[20] UNI 9465, Lifting hooks for lifting appliances Mechanical properties Lifting capacities, load capacities,
stresses and materials
[21] CLC/R 044-001, Safety of machinery Guidance and recommendations for the avoidance of hazards due
to static electricity
[22] Directive Machinery 98/37/EC amended by 98/79/EC
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EN 14492-2:2006 (E)
116
[23] Directive ATEX 94/9/EC
[24] Directive Noise 2000/14/EC
[25] EN 1050:1996, Safety of machinery Principles for risk assessment
[26] EN 13001-1:2004, Cranes General design Part 1: General principles and requirements
[27] EN 50015:2000, Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres Oil-immersion o
[28] EN 50017:1998, Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres Powder filling q
[29] prEN 50039:2001, Electrical apparatus for potentially explosion atmospheres Intrinsically safe electrical
systems i Group II systems for gas atmospheres
[30] EN 60079-18:2004, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres Part 18: Construction, test and
marking of type of protection encapsulation "m" electrical apparatus (IEC 60079-18:2004)
[31] EN 60079-2:2004, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres Part 2: Pressurized enclosures
p (IEC 60079-2:2001)
[32] EN 61000-6-2:2005, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 6-2: Generic standards Immunity for
industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-2:2005)
[33] EN 61000-6-4:2001, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 6-4: Generic standards Emission
standard for industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-4:1997, modified)
[34] EN ISO 11688-1:1998, Acoustics Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995)
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Riproduzione vietata - Legge 22 aprile 1941 N 633 e successivi aggiornamenti.
UNI
Ente Nazionale Italiano
di Unificazione
Via Sannio, 2
20137 Milano, Italia
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