Controlla un faretto RGB di potenza

Angelo9999 10/05/2013

1. Realizzazione circuito 2. Codice

1.Realizzazione circuito
Relizziamo il circuito riportato nell'immagine. L'assorbimento di queste luci molto superiore rispetto a quanto pu supplire la porta USB del computer, pertanto abbiamo alimentato questo faretto e l'Arduino a 5V utilizzando un alimentatore esterno. Per lo stesso motivo scondigliabile utilizzare la breadboard per prototipare il circuito in quanto si potrebbe rischiare di surriscaldarla. Per testare la lampada abbiamo utilizzato il codice per il crossfade di tre led rgb della sezione tutorial del sito Arduino. I colori vendono definiti utilizzando degli array di tre componenti (le 3 percentuali di rosso, verde e blu della luce). Nel codice possibile definire i propri colori personalizzati e modificare l'ordine dei colori da alternare. Il fade dei colori viene richiamato mediante la funzione crossfade(), che in ingresso prende appunto un array di 3 valori. Modificando la variabile wait si definisce la velocit alla quale i colori si alternano.

/*

* Code for cross-fading 3 LEDs, red, green and blue (RGB) * To create fades, you need to do two things: * 1. Describe the colors you want to be displayed * 2. List the order you want them to fade in * * DESCRIBING A COLOR: * A color is just an array of three percentages, 0-100, * controlling the red, green and blue LEDs * * Red is the red LED at full, blue and green off * int red = { 100, 0, 0 } * Dim white is all three LEDs at 30% * int dimWhite = {30, 30, 30} * etc. * * Some common colors are provided below, or make your own * * LISTING THE ORDER: * In the main part of the program, you need to list the order * you want to colors to appear in, e.g. * crossFade(red); * crossFade(green); * crossFade(blue); * * Those colors will appear in that order, fading out of * one color and into the next * * In addition, there are 5 optional settings you can adjust: * 1. The initial color is set to black (so the first color fades in), but * you can set the initial color to be any other color * 2. The internal loop runs for 1020 interations; the 'wait' variable * sets the approximate duration of a single crossfade. In theory, * a 'wait' of 10 ms should make a crossFade of ~10 seconds. In * practice, the other functions the code is performing slow this * down to ~11 seconds on my board. YMMV. * 3. If 'repeat' is set to 0, the program will loop indefinitely. * if it is set to a number, it will loop that number of times, * then stop on the last color in the sequence. (Set 'return' to 1, * and make the last color black if you want it to fade out at the end.) * 4. There is an optional 'hold' variable, which pasues the * program for 'hold' milliseconds when a color is complete, * but before the next color starts. * 5. Set the DEBUG flag to 1 if you want debugging output to

be * sent to the serial monitor. * * The internals of the program aren't complicated, but they * are a little fussy -- the inner workings are explained * below the main loop. * * April 2007, Clay Shirky <clay.shirky@nyu.edu> */ // Output int redPin = 3; int grnPin = 5; int bluPin = 6; // Color arrays int black[3] = int white[3] = int red[3] = int green[3] = int blue[3] = int yellow[3] = int dimWhite[3] // etc. { { { { { { = // Red LED, connected to digital pin 9 // Green LED, connected to digital pin 10 // Blue LED, connected to digital pin 11 0, 0, 0 }; 100, 100, 100 }; 100, 0, 0 }; 0, 100, 0 }; 0, 0, 100 }; 40, 95, 0 }; { 30, 30, 30 };

// Set initial color int redVal = black[0]; int grnVal = black[1]; int bluVal = black[2]; int wait = 10; // 10ms internal crossFade delay; increase for slower fades int hold = 0; // Optional hold when a color is complete, before the next crossFade int DEBUG = 1; // DEBUG counter; if set to 1, will write values back via serial int loopCount = 60; // How often should DEBUG report? int repeat = 3; // How many times should we loop before stopping? (0 for no stop) int j = 0; // Loop counter for repeat // Initialize color variables int prevR = redVal; int prevG = grnVal; int prevB = bluVal; // Set up the LED void setup() { pinMode(redPin, pinMode(grnPin, pinMode(bluPin, outputs OUTPUT); OUTPUT); OUTPUT); // sets the pins as output

if (DEBUG) { debugging... Serial.begin(9600); } }

// If we want to see values for // ...set up the serial ouput

// Main program: list the order of crossfades void loop() { crossFade(red); crossFade(green); crossFade(blue); crossFade(yellow); if (repeat) { // Do we loop a finite number of times? j += 1; if (j >= repeat) { // Are we there yet? exit(j); // If so, stop. } } } /* BELOW THIS LINE IS THE MATH -- YOU SHOULDN'T NEED TO CHANGE THIS FOR THE BASICS * * The program works like this: * Imagine a crossfade that moves the red LED from 0-10, * the green from 0-5, and the blue from 10 to 7, in * ten steps. * We'd want to count the 10 steps and increase or * decrease color values in evenly stepped increments. * Imagine a + indicates raising a value by 1, and a * equals lowering it. Our 10 step fade would look like: * * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 * R + + + + + + + + + + * G + + + + + * B * * The red rises from 0 to 10 in ten steps, the green from * 0-5 in 5 steps, and the blue falls from 10 to 7 in three steps. * * In the real program, the color percentages are converted to * 0-255 values, and there are 1020 steps (255*4). * * To figure out how big a step there should be between one up- or * down-tick of one of the LED values, we call calculateStep(), * which calculates the absolute gap between the start and end values, * and then divides that gap by 1020 to determine the size of

the step * between adjustments in the value. */ int calculateStep(int prevValue, int endValue) { int step = endValue - prevValue; // What's the overall gap? if (step) { // If its non-zero, step = 1020/step; // divide by 1020 } return step; } /* i, * * by * */ The next function is calculateVal. When the loop value, reaches the step size appropriate for one of the colors, it increases or decreases the value of that color 1. (R, G, and B are each calculated separately.)

int calculateVal(int step, int val, int i) { if ((step) && i % step == 0) { // If step is non-zero and its time to change a value, if (step > 0) { // increment the value if step is positive... val += 1; } else if (step < 0) { // ...or decrement it if step is negative val -= 1; } } // Defensive driving: make sure val stays in the range 0-255 if (val > 255) { val = 255; } else if (val < 0) { val = 0; } return val; } /* * * * */ crossFade() converts the percentage colors to a 0-255 range, then loops 1020 times, checking to see if the value needs to be updated each time, then writing the color values to the correct pins.

void crossFade(int color[3]) { // Convert to 0-255 int R = (color[0] * 255) / 100;

int G = (color[1] * 255) / 100; int B = (color[2] * 255) / 100; int stepR = calculateStep(prevR, R); int stepG = calculateStep(prevG, G); int stepB = calculateStep(prevB, B); for (int redVal grnVal bluVal i = = = = 0; i <= 1020; i++) { calculateVal(stepR, redVal, i); calculateVal(stepG, grnVal, i); calculateVal(stepB, bluVal, i); // Write current values

analogWrite(redPin, redVal); to LED pins analogWrite(grnPin, grnVal); analogWrite(bluPin, bluVal);

delay(wait); // Pause for 'wait' milliseconds before resuming the loop if (DEBUG) { // If we want serial output, print it at the if (i == 0 or i % loopCount == 0) { // beginning, and every loopCount times Serial.print("Loop/RGB: #"); Serial.print(i); Serial.print(" | "); Serial.print(redVal); Serial.print(" / "); Serial.print(grnVal); Serial.print(" / "); Serial.println(bluVal); } DEBUG += 1; } } // Update current values for next loop prevR = redVal; prevG = grnVal; prevB = bluVal; delay(hold); // Pause for optional 'wait' milliseconds before resuming the loop}

2.Codice
/* * Code for cross-fading 3 LEDs, red, green and blue (RGB) * To create fades, you need to do two things: * 1. Describe the colors you want to be displayed * 2. List the order you want them to fade in * * DESCRIBING A COLOR: * A color is just an array of three percentages, 0-100, * controlling the red, green and blue LEDs

* * Red is the red LED at full, blue and green off * int red = { 100, 0, 0 } * Dim white is all three LEDs at 30% * int dimWhite = {30, 30, 30} * etc. * * Some common colors are provided below, or make your own * * LISTING THE ORDER: * In the main part of the program, you need to list the order * you want to colors to appear in, e.g. * crossFade(red); * crossFade(green); * crossFade(blue); * * Those colors will appear in that order, fading out of * one color and into the next * * In addition, there are 5 optional settings you can adjust: * 1. The initial color is set to black (so the first color fades in), but * you can set the initial color to be any other color * 2. The internal loop runs for 1020 interations; the 'wait' variable * sets the approximate duration of a single crossfade. In theory, * a 'wait' of 10 ms should make a crossFade of ~10 seconds. In * practice, the other functions the code is performing slow this * down to ~11 seconds on my board. YMMV. * 3. If 'repeat' is set to 0, the program will loop indefinitely. * if it is set to a number, it will loop that number of times, * then stop on the last color in the sequence. (Set 'return' to 1, * and make the last color black if you want it to fade out at the end.) * 4. There is an optional 'hold' variable, which pasues the * program for 'hold' milliseconds when a color is complete, * but before the next color starts. * 5. Set the DEBUG flag to 1 if you want debugging output to be * sent to the serial monitor. * * The internals of the program aren't complicated, but they * are a little fussy -- the inner workings are explained * below the main loop. * * April 2007, Clay Shirky <clay.shirky@nyu.edu>

*/ // Output int redPin = 3; int grnPin = 5; int bluPin = 6; // Color arrays int black[3] = int white[3] = int red[3] = int green[3] = int blue[3] = int yellow[3] = int dimWhite[3] // etc. { { { { { { = // Red LED, connected to digital pin 9 // Green LED, connected to digital pin 10 // Blue LED, connected to digital pin 11 0, 0, 0 }; 100, 100, 100 }; 100, 0, 0 }; 0, 100, 0 }; 0, 0, 100 }; 40, 95, 0 }; { 30, 30, 30 };

// Set initial color int redVal = black[0]; int grnVal = black[1]; int bluVal = black[2]; int wait = 10; // 10ms internal crossFade delay; increase for slower fades int hold = 0; // Optional hold when a color is complete, before the next crossFade int DEBUG = 1; // DEBUG counter; if set to 1, will write values back via serial int loopCount = 60; // How often should DEBUG report? int repeat = 3; // How many times should we loop before stopping? (0 for no stop) int j = 0; // Loop counter for repeat // Initialize color variables int prevR = redVal; int prevG = grnVal; int prevB = bluVal; // Set up the LED void setup() { pinMode(redPin, pinMode(grnPin, pinMode(bluPin, outputs OUTPUT); OUTPUT); OUTPUT); // sets the pins as output

if (DEBUG) { debugging... Serial.begin(9600); } }

// If we want to see values for // ...set up the serial ouput

// Main program: list the order of crossfades void loop() { crossFade(red);

crossFade(green); crossFade(blue); crossFade(yellow); if (repeat) { // Do we loop a finite number of times? j += 1; if (j >= repeat) { // Are we there yet? exit(j); // If so, stop. } } } /* BELOW THIS LINE IS THE MATH -- YOU SHOULDN'T NEED TO CHANGE THIS FOR THE BASICS * * The program works like this: * Imagine a crossfade that moves the red LED from 0-10, * the green from 0-5, and the blue from 10 to 7, in * ten steps. * We'd want to count the 10 steps and increase or * decrease color values in evenly stepped increments. * Imagine a + indicates raising a value by 1, and a * equals lowering it. Our 10 step fade would look like: * * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 * R + + + + + + + + + + * G + + + + + * B * * The red rises from 0 to 10 in ten steps, the green from * 0-5 in 5 steps, and the blue falls from 10 to 7 in three steps. * * In the real program, the color percentages are converted to * 0-255 values, and there are 1020 steps (255*4). * * To figure out how big a step there should be between one up- or * down-tick of one of the LED values, we call calculateStep(), * which calculates the absolute gap between the start and end values, * and then divides that gap by 1020 to determine the size of the step * between adjustments in the value. */ int calculateStep(int prevValue, int endValue) { int step = endValue - prevValue; // What's the overall gap? if (step) { // If its non-zero, step = 1020/step; // divide by 1020 } return step;

} /* i, * * by * */ The next function is calculateVal. When the loop value, reaches the step size appropriate for one of the colors, it increases or decreases the value of that color 1. (R, G, and B are each calculated separately.)

int calculateVal(int step, int val, int i) { if ((step) && i % step == 0) { // If step is non-zero and its time to change a value, if (step > 0) { // increment the value if step is positive... val += 1; } else if (step < 0) { // ...or decrement it if step is negative val -= 1; } } // Defensive driving: make sure val stays in the range 0-255 if (val > 255) { val = 255; } else if (val < 0) { val = 0; } return val; } /* * * * */ crossFade() converts the percentage colors to a 0-255 range, then loops 1020 times, checking to see if the value needs to be updated each time, then writing the color values to the correct pins. { 100; 100; 100;

void crossFade(int color[3]) // Convert to 0-255 int R = (color[0] * 255) / int G = (color[1] * 255) / int B = (color[2] * 255) /

int stepR = calculateStep(prevR, R); int stepG = calculateStep(prevG, G); int stepB = calculateStep(prevB, B); for (int redVal grnVal bluVal i = = = = 0; i <= 1020; i++) { calculateVal(stepR, redVal, i); calculateVal(stepG, grnVal, i); calculateVal(stepB, bluVal, i);

analogWrite(redPin, redVal); to LED pins analogWrite(grnPin, grnVal); analogWrite(bluPin, bluVal);

// Write current values

delay(wait); // Pause for 'wait' milliseconds before resuming the loop if (DEBUG) { // If we want serial output, print it at the if (i == 0 or i % loopCount == 0) { // beginning, and every loopCount times Serial.print("Loop/RGB: #"); Serial.print(i); Serial.print(" | "); Serial.print(redVal); Serial.print(" / "); Serial.print(grnVal); Serial.print(" / "); Serial.println(bluVal); } DEBUG += 1; } } // Update current values for next loop prevR = redVal; prevG = grnVal; prevB = bluVal; delay(hold); // Pause for optional 'wait' milliseconds before resuming the loop}