Be GrAo DUC vA DAo TAc

|) ,;
it

....

r{oi roAx Hoc vrET NAM

,'r[,u. tap CHf na UAXC TUAXC

_ ! !;;,o

A,.tA\-

l*r* rxoilo no-r

Hoc slitH
ilnug HHIu
!)u6lrc
/
,
l'"
TONil 6 Uil xO rnu6c nnY

Thi hoc sinh gi6i toin qua th r,r

# VOLGOGRAD I99 I
+
:!r

6):e
i.E

Z-

D"O,
11

OI'o
;Jr*ll
iJ-rH

"tri,

XC

?lJ^

zez

A
tJJ
_J
AJFI{

TJJ

t-!|

#,9'H.
DQi tuydn tod.n ud dQi tuydn tin hqc
Trudng Dai lwc Su phant HiL Noi I dtt thi qudc gia

Db

ra ct}a cuQc thi dac bi6t chdo

3{} ruAna

z]l\

mirng

rAP cruf ToAN{ Hec vA

rribr rRE

rubl rRE

rAP cHi roAN Hec vA

MUC LUC

Trang

MOt phrrong phrip giAi

phuong trinh nghi6m nguy6n

Giai bei kj,tn-tdc

rf

Bdi to:in v6 di6n

sd

MOt bei torin hai cudn sdch ldm sai

I
I
I

Dd ra kj' ndy

10

Problems of this issue

11

D6 ra

cia cu6c thi dac bi6t

t'nNIt t o,rN
Phi tdng hi|n fip :
Nc';6 oa'l-t'rl

Nr;r rYtiN

H6 th6ng bdi dttdng hoc sinh nang khidu to6n

d Li6n X0 trttoc dAy

L5 sinh nhdt mbo DOr6mon

Tdng bin tfip

t2

Ph6p bidn hinh ddng dang dac bi6t vd

rlng dung vd.o vi6c giAi torin hinh hoc

13

Di cd kheo

15

Thi. hqc sinh gi6i to6n qua thU

d Volgograd 1991

16

HoANG crttLlNct

HOt

odNc atEN rAp

Nguy\n Cdnh ToAn, Hodng

Chlng, Ng6 Dat Tt, LO Khac
Bdo, Nguy6n Huy Doan,
-

Nguydn Vi6t Hai, Dinh Quang

Hdo, Nguyi:n Xudn Huy, Phan
Huy Khai, Vu Thanh Khi6t, Lo
Hei KhOi, Nguy1;n Vdn MAu,
Hoitng LO Minh, Nguytn Khac
Minh, Trhn Vdn Nhung, Nguyi;n
Dang Phdt, Phan Thanh Quang,

Ta Hbng Quang, Dang Hilng

Thang, V0 Duong Thuy, Trhn
Thdnh Trai, LO Bti Khiinh Trinh,
Ngd Vi6t Trung, Ddng Quan

. .,

^
vten.

Tru sd tbo soan :

DT: 260786
8l Trdn Hrrng Dao, Hh NQi
23r Neuy6n Van Cn. TP Hd Chi Minh DT: 356111

fip uir tri sq : VLI KIM THUY

Trinh bdy; DOAN I{ONG

BiAn

n ua bdi vi6t niy t6i mu6n trao ddi ctng ban

\fdoc mQt phtrong phdp giAi phuong trinh

Bir,i 2 : Gi&i phuong

F-y'-2y2-sy-1=o

nghiQm nguy6n. TOi nghi ring phtrong ph6p

niy c0ng li mQt cOng eu t6t dd giAi m6t ldp

nhtng bii to6n vd phtrong trinh nghiOm

nguy6n, T4m d{t cho nd c6i t6n lA Phrrong
phrip "khir dn".
Ta sir dung tinh chdt luy thrla ctng bdc cria
c6c sd nguy6n li6n tidp hoac tich c6c s6 nguy6n
li6n tidp... dd dua phrrongtrinh nghiQm nguy6n
cdn giAi v6 dang phuong trinh khdc it dn hon
vi quen thuQc hon. Tr] dd, d6 ddng tim drroc
nghiOm nguy6n cria phuong trinh d5 cho.

trinh nghiOm nguyOn

(2)

Gidi : (2) +

rt = f +2JP +3y +.1 (*)

Tac6y2>0;5y2 *2>0n6n
6f+ zy2+ sy+ 1)- 1sy2+ z1 < f+ 2y2+ sy+ 1 <
<9y'+2y2 +3y+t) +y2Dodd
O - l)s..d < 0 + 1)3 -x3 =/ hoac
x3=A,+1)3
* lts = y'. Xdt hop v6i (*) ta cci :
Zf + S.y * 7 = 0 -y = -l ;

Dinh cho cdc b6n Trung hoc c0 sd

cdl

PHU0NG TRINH NGHTEu NGUYBnT

NGUYEN

Thttdng vQn dgng hai nhQn x6t sau

a)

Xt <Y<(X+o)n (ae

b)

X(X+

vdii=1;2;...;a-1.
l)

< (X+ a)(X

... (X+

Z\ -*Iz:(X*a*i)t'

n) < Y(Y+

l)

... (Y+

n) <

(X+ a * n) (a e Z)
(Y+n) = (X+ j)(X++i+ 1)...

+ a + 1\ ..:

-Y(Y+l)...
(X+i+n)
vdii= 1;2;...;a-1.
Sau diy li rn6t s6 bni to6n minh hoa,

Bdi 1 : GiAi phuong trinh nghi6m nguy6n

'(l)
I *x *x2 +f = y1
(D6 thi hgc sinh gi6i to6n cdp II todn qudc
bAng A nem 1992)
Gidi : Ta cci

1,) 3
xr*x +1= (**r)-*ZrO,
11' 19
si+llx*7=s(x \ +Io)*n'o

n6n :
(1+ x+ x2+ F) - @2+ x+ 1) < 1* x+ x2+ f <
< (1 +x +x2 +f1 + (5x2 + 1lx + 7)

f .f

< (r + 43
K6t hgp (1) ta c<i :
Do dri

(r+

tr)3

1+

x*x2

-f :

trlnh d6 cho

(loAi) V6i

TAN

= -1

-x, = -7.
* :F = 0 + rs. Phdi hgp vdi {*) +y) - g +
! = 0lric dd x = 7.
Y

NghiQm nguyn cria phuong trinh d6 cho

le (-1 ; -1) vi (l ; 0)
Bdi 3 : Gid.i phuong trinh nghiQnt nguyn :

*1 - yl + y' +2x222 + sx2 + 4i + 1 : o (.8)

Gid.i:
(3) -'y^l = x4 + z1 + 2x222 +3rl + 4* + 1 C*)
Ta c6 3x2 +422 + 1 > o ; x2 +3 > o n6n
1x{

z1

+ 2x222 + sx2 + 422 +

7)- (Bxl+ 4/

ly <
+ 1rl + s;

12x222 + sx2 + 422 + l)

Do dd 7x2 + 2212 . O12 . (r? + z2 +

1x4 + z1

2y2

(yr), = 1x2 +22 + li2. Phdi hop vdi (**) ta cci :

x2 +2x2 = 0
-x = z =0.,Trl dd cd y - +1.
NghiQm nguyn cta phuong trinh tr6n li

(0;1;0)vd(0;-1 ;0)

Biti 4 : Gid.i phuong trinh nghiQnt ngujtAn

xl+i-y2 +y*10:o

+ 1)3

+f -,x(x*1) = P+
-f*=0
lr = - I

NghiQm nguyGn cria phrrong

ld:(0;1)vA(-1 ;0)

= -1
2

OTJC

Gid,i

: (4\

@)

*-y0 - 1) = x4 + x2 + JO (**x)

Ta cci
x4+x2 < x4 +x2+ 10 < (xa+x2+ ru1 + (6x2+ z)

Dodd:
x21x2

< y(y

- l) < 1x2 + s11x2 + <1

* fyT - l) = (x: + 1)(x2 + 2)

Lyy-1)=(x2+2)(i+3)

Kethop v6i

(***)+l':=:
'

Lxt=l

x=2;X=-2;X=7ix=-7.
Tt

dd tim dttgc nghiQm nguy6n eta phrrong

trinh (4).

'

Dd iam quen v6i phrrong phrip grAi trn, cic

b4n hay giAi cic phrrong trinh nghiQrn nguy6n sau :
1) "/ -r'r = 3r
2) (x -2)a -xa =

f
3)/:xJ+2x*1
4) xt' - 4yt - 4l = 2 + 3y + 6f

Tin chic rang s6 cd nhi6u thri vi ddn v6i

ban v6 Phrrong trinh nghiQrn nguy6n.

-Al./^bavi

Hc

slllH lfnilo HHIu

Hoc
rHOilg 001 Duolfc
t^^aA
t?
ronil o ucil x6 rnu6c nnY
NGo vIoT TRUNG

Cu6c thi hgc sinh gi6i todn (HSGT) ddu

ti6n dtrqc td chrtc d L6ningrad nam 1986 bdi
ts.N. Delonu. 0rg crlng li ngudi td chilc cudc
thi HSGT ddu ti6n d Maxkva ngay nam sau
dd. Hinh thfc cuQc thi do 6ng nghi ra hiQn nay
dtioc dirng d nhi6u nrJdc vi cA d nrrdc ta. Sau
dai chidn th6 gi6i ldn thrl 2, thi HSGT dttoc
nhAn rQng ra toln Li6n X6. Cu6c thi v6 dich
toAn n{6c c6ng hda Nga ddu tiOn drroc td chfc
ndm 1961 vh cu0c thi v6 dlch todn li6n bang
ddu ti6n d{Qc td chrlc nam 1967. Cho ddn
nhfing n6m 70 c6c cuQc thi toirn ii6n bang
khOng mang t{nh chlnh thrlc vi chi nh6n dugc
mQt phdn trg cdp ti6n tit trttUng Dai hoc tdng
hgp qu6c gia Maxkva. Cric cuQc thi HSGT bao
gdm nhi6r.l b6c, b6t ddu trl trtlbng, sau din
tinh ho4c thdnh phd vA sau dti ddn nrrdc c6ng
hba, cudi cirng mdi d6n toin li6n bang.
6
thdnh phd 16rr eldn ddn hinh thinh
"r"
c6c cAu l4c bQ todn hgc thtrdng dtroc hrr6ng
d6n bdi cric nhi to6n hgc tr6. Cdc cAu lac bQ
niy sinh hoqt vio cudi tu$n vi ho4t dQng chti
ydu lB tfp giAi cric bAi todn kh<i. Hdu nhrr tdt
cA cdc nhir to6n hgc X0 vi6t ndi tidng hiQn nay
tr6n 50 tudi d6u d6 tham du cdc eAu lac bO
torin hgc vA doat giai thi HSGT thdi ki dd.
Tuy nhi6n c6c hoat d6ng tr6n chi thu hut
dtrgc cric hgc sinh nang khidu d cric thinh phd
l6n. De' bdi drrdng hoc sinh n6ng khi6u d c6c
dla phrrong, mQt sd nhi to6n hgc d6 td chtlc
c6c trudng chuy6n to6n vA li nOi tm. Tnrdng
chuyEn todn vd ll nQi tni ddu tiOn drrgc thinh
l6p d thAnh phd hdn lAm gdn NOv0xibidc, bdi
nir}r to6n hqc M.J.Lawenchiev, Ong td cria
th&rih phd, nam 1961. Nem sau dd thi c6c nhi
torin hrlc A.N.K6lm6g6r0v vi nhi vdt li I.K.
Kik6in c0ng td chfc na6t trtldng tudng tU d
Maxkva. Cric trtrilng khdc ldn ldn xudt hin 6
2

L6ningrad, Kiev vA Erevan. Nhttng nha to6r

khip Li6n
XO dd td chdc c6c cuOc thi HSGT vd t.uydn
chon hgc sinh cho c6c trudng chuyn nQi trti.
Cung trong nhrJng n6m 60, c6c trddng vd l6p
chuy6n to:in (kh6ng n6i tru) cflng drloc mOt sd
nhi todn hoc ndi tidng td chtic d cac thinh ph6
l6n. DAy cfing li thdi ki mi l6p nhi to6n hoc
ddu tin trtrdng thdnh trong chd dd Xd viet cci
con brldc vdo hoc c6p ba.
Bd sung cho cdc trtldng vi l6p chuydn cbn
cci Tnrdng torin th6ng tdn todn li6n bang drr<rc
thnnh .l0p bdi nhi todn hqc I.M.Gelfan nant
1964. O c6c dia phttong h6o Linh, c6c tAp thd
hoc sinh dtt6i stt hu6ng d6n cria giSo vi6n day
todn titng thring sE giAi hay bdn vd c6c trai tozln
dugc gili ddn tt Tnrdng todn th6ng tdn.
Trudng niy ho4t d6ng dtta chti ydu vio stt gitip
dd cia sinh vi6n torin nhirng nAm cudi cung d
tn dng Dai hqc tdng hop qudc gia Maxkva,
thOng thudng crlng d6 ttng li hoc sinh cria
Tnrdng torin th6ng tdn.
Dd phuc vu cho vi6c phd cAp c6c kien thrlc
todn hoc, c6c nhi todn hqc X6 vidt con chf
trgng viSt sdch todn cho hgc sinh phd thOng.
Nhi6u srich d<i dd trd n6n ndi tidng nhrr cudn
"Ba hdn ngqc cria sO hoc" ctia Khinchin vi cudn
"Gi6i h4n" cria Kirilov. Giai nhrrng cu6'n sdch
ndy chi bang gid mQt que kem cho n6n hoc
sinh nAo cring cd thd mua dttoc. Nam 1969,
K6lm6g6rov vd Kik6in xudt bAn tap chi to6n
li phd th6ng "Kvant' vdi sU bAo tro cria Vi6n
hdn lAm khoa hqc. Hdu hdt c6c nhd todn hoc
ndi tidng cta Li6n XO ddu vidt bni cho tap chi
nAy. Nd drloc cdc hoc sinh neng khid;u torin
y6u thich vi xudt bAn trung binh 200.000 td
mdi thring. HiQn nay Mi cung xudt bAn tap chi
Quantum (dich tt Kvant) d{a tr6n cdc bii b6o
cri cr"ia Kvant.
hgc trd d cric thdnh ph6 tr6n da di

Nh$n x6t a, b, c khOng ddng thdi bang 2 vi

trrii v6i gie thi6t

+b2 +cr = 4{;5A

Do drf : a(.a _ 2\ + btb _ Z) + ck _ Z) <

BAi Tl/f 97 z Chtng minh rd.ng : Ndu ba

sd a, a t h uir a * 2k dbu ld. cdc sd nguyn td
ldn hon 3, thi k chia hdt cho 6.
Loi gini z cizPhgnt Hd,i Hba,7 torin, Neng
khidu, HAi Hrrng
Do a, a* k, a* 2k d6u ln nguy6u t6 l6n hon
3 n6n d6u ld sd 16 vd kh6ng chia h6t cho 3.

*ViovAo*ftctrng16n6n

(1)
a*k-a=ki2
* Vi o, a * k, a I 2k ddu kh6ng chia hdt cho 3
nOn khi chia cho 3
sd drr :

it

nhdt hai sti cd ctrng

- Ndu a vd, a * h c6 cirng sd drr, thi suy ra

(a+k)-a=ki3
- N6u a * k vir a * 2h cri cirng sd drr, thi
suy ra : (a + 2h) - (a + k) = k i 3
- N6u a vd. a * 2h c6 ctng sd du, thi suy
ra:(o+2k)-a=2ki 3
nhung(2,3)= ln6nfti3
Ydy k, 3 (2)
Tt (1), (2) vn do Q,3) = 7 ta suy ra ft i 6
(dpcm)

. Nhin x6t

: 1. Cri

rdt nhi6u ban cri ldi giei

tdt va bing nhi6u c6ch kh6c nhau.

2. C6 rnQt vdi b4n tdng qu6t hda kh6ng
dfng cho bBri to6n gdrn n sd nguy6n td lQip

thinh

mQt cdp s6 cQng.

TO NGUYEN

Tzllyl : Clw a" b, c lh 3 sd duong thm nnn

+
a2 b2 + c2 >- 4r[a5;. Ching nilnh ritng :
Bni

a4b*c>Z,labc
Ldi giii z Cd.ch 1 (Triin Anh Son

Marie-Curie Ha NQi)
Ap dung bdt d&ng
a2, b2, c2

thfc

CO

7M

si cho 3

sd

tac6:a2+b2+c2>3{AFa

(1)
4{abc > 3ltFW
Ap dung bdt ding thrlc C0 si cho 3 sd o,, b, c

ta cci

Tt

*a2+b2+c2<2(a+b-rc)
+4t[abc<2(a+b+c)
+2rfabc<o,*b*c
Cdch 3 : (VaVan Hoan 9T

(2)

Ap dqng bdt ding thric

Cach 2 : (Trd.n Thi Ngqc Hdi 8T Tnrdng

Chuy6n Le Khi6t - QuAng Ngei). Ta cci :
a2 +b2 +c2 ) 2c{7TF > Pc,[2ab
+ 4t[6i > 2ct[1ab + 2 > c. Ttrong t{

2>-b;2>a

Phan BQi Chau

CO

si cho 6 s6 drrong

o2,b2,c2rarbrctac<5:
a2 + b2 + c2 + a * b * c > O TfiFF = 6,{abc
Md al +bl + d = 4r[ibc +a *b +c > 2@bc.
Ding thfc xdy ra e+
a2=b2=c2=q.=b:c
\tr a, b, c > 0 n6u di6u tr6n xdy ra khi vi
ctri t<tri a - b = c: l trdi v6i giA thidt
a2 + b2 + c2 = 4r[6;.Do dd a * b * c > 2{abc.
NhQn x6t : Cci 60Vo ldi giei gui v6 cci deinh
gi6 dring, ln bdt ding thrlc kh6ng th6' trd thdnh
ding thtlc. Cht ydu c6c b4n dua vAo bdt ding
thrlc C6 si theo nhidu hrrong khzi phong phri,

Ngodi 3 ban cci ldi giAi tr6n, c6c ban khric cring
cd ldi giAi t6t : Phan Thi Lan gCT, Vi6t Tri,

Vinh Pht ;Vu Td.t Thd.ng, Phqnt. Nguydn Thu

Trang (Nghia Tdn, Hi NQi) ; Nguydn Plutong
Lan (9T NK Ha Tinh), La Thd San (9CT D6ng
Son, Thanh H6a), Duong Ngo.c Tilng (9 Toin
NK Hoa Lu, Ninh Binh), Trd.n Van Long (9
NK Thanh Li6rn, Natn Ha), Ngtydn Thi
Thanh (9A,, H6ng Bing, HAi Phbng), Luong
L Quang (9, NK HAi Httng), Hd. Khd,nh Linlt
(5A Chu Van An, He NQi), Vd Thanh Titng
(9CT, Qu6c hqc HuO v. v..
DAc biet c<i 2 ban La Van An (9CT, Phan
BOi ChAu, NShe An) vdPhqnt Anh Tud,n (gNK
Thuln Thinh, HA B6c) d6 tdng qurit dfng bdi
to6n theo 2 hrr6ng kh6c nhau :
1) Cho n sd drrong a1 , et, ..., a,,.tb.
atit + attt

+... + a',',' = pr[ara27\

v6il<nz<;1<p<2nthi
a\-',n + a':- n +

+ a*b*e>2{ffi

NghQ An)

a *b *c > 31[abc
(1), (2) suy ra :
4r@b; @ +b +c) > gabc > Sabc

2) Cho
n

,I",'-'

rz sd

...

duong

[-i--

r!,1-

"' -- 1zn - p1tlaro-, ... a,,

a7 t at, ...,a,, thfia ru*n
n

utr,!,", ,0,,I

,o,--nolE, rnCiNc, NrrA'r

B}ri T3/197 l Cho duitng trbn tdm O, duimg

hinh AB. Ggi C, D ld, hai didnt. theo thu ttt ckia
trong, chia ngoiri dogn-AB theo ti s6 k > 1. Gqi
chu ui hai tam gidc chung dd,y CD, ldn luot
c6 dinh M d ffAn duitng trbn (O), N d ffAn ddy
cung AM, lit. Pruit Pr. Chtng minh rdng
Pt. Pz < 2.AD.

'Lbi giii

KhiddMB, MAliln
lugt le phdn gi6c

ph6n gir{c

ngoii cta g6c

CMD'. Ta cci

1+
s =p
', * ...*

y*

o#

phAn gi6c

ngoii
rl

c,0'a CMD.

Ldy E d6i xrlng vdi C qua AM. Dd thdy E

thuQc tia ddi cira tia MD. Trcng AEND c<i
EN + ND > ED, Me NE = .lfC, ME = MC
Nn NC +ND > MC + MD + NC +ND +
+ CD > MC + MD + CD Hay P2> Pt ()

tt ffB=9tr

khdc
suy ra
AND > 98.
(1)
Do dri AD > ND.
Vi N nim trn dAyAMn6n ON < OA. Do vQy
NC<NO+OC<AO*OC=AC

(2)

Tt (1) va (2) ta cci :

Pz = ND+NC+ CD < AD+ AC+ CD = 2 . AD
TitcPr<2.AD(**)

Tt (*) va (**) ta drroc , Pt < P) < 2.AD

(DPCM)

Nh$n x6t : BAi giii trdn dga vio ldi giai

ctla c6c bqrn Nguydn Anh Til 9H Trttng Vuong
vd. Nguydn Quang Nghia 9A Trrrng Nhi, HA
NQi. C6c bqn kh6c cti bii giei t6t : Phan Ngsc

Lan, 9 CT ViCt Tri, Vinh Ph:iu ; Phant Dinh

Giang,9CT Trdn Phf II, HAi Phbng ; Moi
Thanh Binh 7M, Nguy*n Nggc Td.n,9M Mari
Quyri, Phq.m Huy Timg 8A, Bd V6n Dan,
Phgm LA Hilng 9A Trung Nh!, Nguydz Hodng
Duong, Nguydn Bd. Hilng,9H Trtlng Vdong,
He NQi ;Vu Thu Huong 9T PTNK HAi Hrrng,

Trh.n Thi KhuC 98 Quang Trung, Thanh Hda

Nguydn Hoitnh 9CT Phan BQi Chdu, Nghe An

Vd Thanh Titng 9CT Qu6c hoc

4

(P
s =[9] + lU1+... + ;- -l)q1
Lp) LpJ
L p J

kq cho p. Do vAy :

suy tidp ,"

=
BC = BD.
, . CA: DA.
DA
o D'A
ep = 7g'YilY D' = D'
\u' ca i,B ) 's",
Trlc ld MB, MA ldn lrrqrli phdn giric trong

-UAt

BAi T4lf 97 : Vdi m6i cQp sd nguyan duong

fi cilng nh.au (p, q) dq.t :

nguyan

t;l

BD' AD' MD'

BC AC MC
CA AD'
TiI dd

vi

vO KIM THUY

trong d6 [x] lit s6 nguyn ldru nhd.t hhdng uuot

qud. x. Xd.c dinh'cd.c gid tri p, q dd S ld. m.Qt sd
nguydn $.
Ldi gini kila nhibu ban) : Vdi mdi a e R
dat { o} = ct - [a/. Khi dd, v6i k N e6
. ho, rk
= : , d diY ro la sd drt trong Ph6P chia

tia
^ BD
^sao cho
CMB
= BMD'.
vi

MydidmD'thuQc

trong

I{ud i Nguydn Hfru IIQi A, 8T LA Khidt, QuAng

Ngii,Wgzydn NhQtNam.,Bd Rla - Vrlng Tnu.

Thta Thi6n

;
;

(P-l)q-

p
,'t ,'2

P
(p-i)q

'"' -'\
(2*2
\p p + ...+ p
/

: 2 -(t'v-"'*

.rp-t.

p)

p) = I n6n ro * 0 Yk = 1,2, ..., p- 1.

Hdn nfra, ta sd chfng minh r,, ,t2,...,tp_l
d6i mOt khric nhau. ThAt vAy-, gid st, ngdgc

(q,

l?i, it,i e{1,2,...,'p - il ii<j', -md

(L) vi
ri=rj Khi dd 1<j-r<p-2
(2)
(2)
(do(q,
p
(j -i)qi
pi =
Tt
=+ fi - i)| p
(1).
= J), mAu thu6n vdi

cho

MAu thudn nhdn duoc

ta di6u cdn chtlng minh,

vA.

do dci

rt 12
rp-t t 2
p-l n-l
+...+ --- = -f- +...+'- : '--:--+
p -p
p pp
p
2
rp-t)(q-l)
Suyra:
S:"-tt3)
Tt (3) ta thdy dd S la nguy6n td cdn cci
p , e * I (x) vh it nhdt mQt trong hai s6 p, q ld
s616. X6t

OTruimg ho.p 1 : p, q cilng lir sd ld. Khi dd

p,e>- g (do (*) vd,p*e (do 1p,9: 1).Kdt
hop v6i (3) suy ra S li sd chin ldn hon 2, vA
do dd S kh6ng phAi ln sd nguy6n td.
oTrxitng hgp 2 : p ld sd chdru uit q lir sd ld.
Khi dd S In s6 nguy6n td khi vA chi khi :

(p,s): I

p-1=1

q-1=ro
2 'u

_[p=z
l1q=21+l,uoile{P
It'

\4)

<=+ I

(P,g) =

lfp:t+l,udi t e(P)it / * 2(rnod3)

(p-l)eF ']s:s

q-1
2 -r

trbng dd Fta tap s6 nguy6n td.

OTruitng hop 3 : p lit. sd 16 ud. q ld s6 chd.n.
Do tinh d6i xfng d6i vdip, q cia bidu thfc x5c

dinh S (theo (3)) n6n trong trudng hgp niy,

tt kdt quA cria trudng hgp 2, ta drroc S ld sd
nguy6n t6 khi vA chl khi :

lp=z**1,udime(P
f'l
r
^ll't -'

tsi

l[p=s

'1q = n * 1, udi n e (Atdn #2 (mod3)

['
Vdy, tdm l4i, tdt cb c{.c cAp gui trip, g cdn
tim li c6.e cilp p, g drroc x6c dinh theo (4), (5).

Nh$n x6t : 1. Trongsd 112ldi giAi mn Tda

soan nhQn drroc c<i 11 ldi giAi sai. Rdt nhi6u
ldi giai cho k6't quA kh6ng chinh xric : ho6.c
thrla nghiQm (do khOng dd y t6i didu kiOn (p,
c6c nghiQm p = S, e =- 4
il = 1) ho{c b6 scit
ve p - 4, q = 3 (do xudt ph:lt tr} quan ni6m
sai, rang ndu f c Fttri troai , : I (niod3) hoac

f=2(mod3)).

._2.9ap!+n cri ldi giei t6t : Dodn Trung Tilng

((TCS Nghia Tdn, Hd NOi) ; Ngu.ydn pnu
Binh (PTCS Bd Van Dirn, Hi NQif ; Phqnr Le
!_i,ns jPTCq_ Iry"e Nhi, He NOi) ; Nsuy1n
Ngqc Tdru (9M Mari Quyri, He NOi) ; Tiinn
U_t^?_?f"ry_S_(9J-!am Son, Thanh H6a) ; La
Hd.i Ydn (PTTH Hing Vuong, Vinh Phri)';Le
Vd.n Dung (PTTHNK Hd B5c) ; Neuyfin Vit

Linh (PTTH Trdn Phri, Hai Phbng)l Nso Thdi

Huong, Nguydn ltc Todn, Nguydn Huy Todn,

yrz (PTC{_DHTH rIe-NOi) Nguydi
;
To ?0?s
Tlldn -qury_s-(PqqT DHSP1 Ha NOi) ; Nsiy4n
Thd,i Hd (Mari Curie Ha N6i) ; Nsuvdn indnn
Binh (PTTH chuy6n Ttrrii Binh) it'u O,t" Soo
(PTTH Lrrong Van Tgy, Ninh Binh) ; La Minh
HIQLLI!rySon, Thanh Hrja) ; Nguydn La Na
(PTqT DIISP Vinh) ; Phirng Qudcb{nh (PTTH
I,0 {Iidtr QuAng NS*i) ; Ng1y-finVai Son (eudc
Isf 4f-6) ;_!.e Thi Thanh-Ngqc (PTTH L6 Qui
DOn,_Nha Trang) ; Phan Hoitng Vl, (eudc hqe
Quy Nhon).
NcuyEN rgi,c urr.rH

Bei T6/197 : Cho sd tu nhicn c >- S . {dy

d4ng dd.y sd tU nhin {a,,} nhu sau :
&r.= c

an,=&n-,
([x]

ki hitu $ nguyat lin nh.dt khnng uuqt qud x).

Chilng rntnh
a, = 3
,lim
Ldi giai : Trrrdc hdt, ta chrlng minh

gie thidt)
Gi6 srl da cct (1) vdin = h (h >

ak+t="r-

ak

l)

S
LZ)* 1 r; * 1 r;,

"Qk-

(1)

3 (theo

. Khi dd

vi

ak + I ) 3 . Do vQy, theo nguydn

cct (1) Y n > 1 .

I eNn6n

li quy nap, ta
O

TiSp theo, ta chrlng minh : ndu a,, > 3

an+11a,,(2\
?h6t v{y, tr) ar, > 3 +

(door,N)+
"dr,

lZ)'2
o Tt

a,,

thi

aD

2r-2 *

+ q,+t=

a,,

-Q rr- lZ) * 74 o,,- 7 'o,,'

(1) va (2) suy ra 3 i e N* sao cho

a,, > 3 V ru N" thi
doan f3, c/ sE chrta v0 sd sd nguyOn
-day d6i rndt
khdc nhau !). Theo cdch x6c dln-h
{ o,,i d5
c6 e.rr: 3 Y n >, . Bdi vdy lint arr: 3 (DPCM)

ai= 3 (vi ndu, ngugc l}i,

Nhfn x6t : 1. sq, Le i;*i,un

Hcia) do kh0ng chu y t6i di6u ki6n
c N n6n
"nur(Thanh
dd chfng minh bdi ra ld bAi sai ! M6t sd ban
kh6c m6c sai ldm co.bAn : rndi chi chring minh
duoc (1) d6 v6i kdt lu4n,,lr*o,, =.1 . KliOng it
ban cri ldi giai thidu ch4t chC, do kh6ng chrlng

*t"n,,'T:

lima

lt) lt;]
=

2. Cd'c ban cci ldi giai tdt : L Hdi Yd'n, Vu

Us.nn I!Q, Nguydn Thdi Binh (PTTH Hung
Vtlong, Vinh Phri) ; Ph.qm. La Hi"tng (9A PTCS
Trtrng Nhi, Ha NQi) ; Dinh Thirnh Trung, T0
DongVry _(PTCT DHTH Ha NQi) ;Trinh Dang
Giang (Mari Curie, Ha N6i) ; Phan Anh Tudi
(PTTH Nguy6n Hu6, Hd Tay) ; Ph.q.nt La Son,
Hodng Thi Tuyilt ( Lan Son, Thanh H6a).; L
Thbi Huu, Chu Nguyn Binh, Hodng Van
Long (PTCT DHSP Vinh) ; Nguydn Thanh
rld, (PTTH Dio Duy {rI, QuAng Binh). ;

I$uydn Thu Tinh, Huynh Ngiydn Tin

(Trttdng chuy6n QuAng Ngai) ; Gians Kit
(PTTH

Nguycn Thuong Hi6n, TP Hd

Qu6c

Chl Minh) vit Nguydn XuAn Hitng (PTTH Ban

MO ThuAt, Dakiak).

Nguydn Thdi Hd (Mari Quyri, Hd

-NOi)3.daBan
chrlng minh dring (tuy kh0ng cti4t choi

.an - l- L g j *1;n=2,3,.....'

arr) 3
V n > 7. Thatvfy, v6i n = 7 c6 at )

ak +

do

khingdinh sau : "Vdi c

i o,, j dtioc xric dinh bdi :
d)=c
'

@n:e,_,-[,.att
Khi dd

- l-

)*1;n=2,3,...
uu

,',:'*o^

r? cho trudc, lAp dey

'

..
[.r+{c]
tt'nl'an=
+i"i nduc < S
{z
,r+6
L
(i ci t<i hi6u phdn ld cria c : I cJ = c - [c].)
Ncuy6u rHAc urNr-t
nduc>S

BAi T6/197. Gid.i phuong trinh

2518a-

el -

t+

z5:*o

- af

Suy ra : A3 83
a,
+

si

l,
+ rq

252'*"

*18 x 3ra-8r2+

- {rz + 8'

-7to -8r2+
D6 dnng drra phrrong trinh v6 dqng :

Zg

12

16

5X3AB

4)

-3)' + / - Q*/B : 3 - V
Vay, { A3 = -4+3AB = 5 -3 ffi , dP"rrr.
Nhin x6t : C6c ban grli bdi v6 d6u cd ldi
gi&i dring vd d6u sir dqng dinh liViet cho phrrong
t*rinh baE ba. M6t s6 ban cbn sit dung cric hang
ding thrlc dAi s6 dd chrlng minh trtrc !i6p bei
torin-. Tuy nhi6n, crich giAi niy quri dni dbng.
NcurvEN vAN MAtr
Bai T8/f 9?. Xdt cd.c sd thtlc a. b, c (a * 0)
phuong trinh
(1)
a(ax2 +bx*c)2 *b(ax2 *bx *c) *c:0

gt+1q5t+2+V=2g
v6it=1x2-ay2>O
Gei vd trrii ld

(3AB

hay (AB

= 2g - 18. 3r4 -8t2 + 12 - 7xa -8t1 16

Liri giai : Cd 36 b4n dd ngh! srla l4i d6 ra
vn giAi dring theo d6 di sita : "GiAi phuong trinh :
25(y4 -

sao cho

f(t) thi f(t) ld hAm

ddng bidn.

Vir>ononf(t)>f(O)=2s
Ding thtlc xey ra khi vi chi

t-0<=,x-*2

khi

NhAn x6t : Do so xudt n6n d6 in nhdm m6t

+ thinh ddu -. Tuy nhi6n, da sd cric bgn d6u
do6n ra nguy6n bAn vi dinh chinh girip. Chi cd
2 b4n v6n giAi vd kh6ng stta d6, nhtrng d6u li
lu{n nhdm dd ehrlng minh phtrong trinh v6
nghiQm. V6i de dd in ban Nguyn Thanh Hd.i
ehring minh phtrong trinh cd 4 nghiQm.
ddu

l0 rH6Nc NHAr
Bdi T7ll97. Chtng m.inh

rd,ng

uO nghiQnt.

Chtng ntinh rang ac > 0

Ldi gini : Cach I (str dung tinh chdt li6n
tuc cria da thrlc)
Ndu f(x) = ax2 + bx * c = 0 vd nghiQm thi
L,

b2

4ac < o aac

,5 ,o

, dpcm.

rr, thi ta x6t 2 trttdng hqp

1) o > 0 . Khi dd phuong tt\nh f(fk)1 : Q
v0 nghiQm af(f(x)) > 0 Vx e R. Tt dci,
Ndu fl/r) cci nghi6rn

c=f(f(x,)>0vdac>0.
2) a<0 thi f(f(x))<0 VrR. Tt
c=fffix))<0

dd,

Cdch 2 (srl drlng tinh chdt cria tam thric bdc hai)

Nduoc

-Q*s =0(via*0)

n6nphttong

cri nghiQrn x = 0, trdi v6i giA thidt.

< 0 thi f(x) cd hai nghim trdi ddu
oc
Ndu

trinh (1)

Liti giii: Dqt

8n
q=2cos2n ;p=2cos4n ;y-2cos-7
7
7
4 = 1[o+ tF* ltl ; B = {ip+ W+
X6t phuong trinh cos4r = caslx
e=+(cosx - I)(8codr * 4co? x - 4cosx - 1) = 0

thl a , F , y li, ba nghiQm ctra phrrong trinh

+t-2t-i. =o
Dodd:a*B*y=-l;
ap +py +ya - -2;oFy
Stt dgng

hing ding thdc

- Sxyz 4
+2(x+y+z)(xy*yz+zx)
B + sB

(Tqm *'\1;ffi1

+lt.,F_f1= -5
7t3- -4+3AB
6

*bx*c:xt e
cci nghiQm (vi

Do dci phrrong trinh or2

a*+bx*c-xr=0
L=b2-4a(c-x)>o)
Ggi

r,

Id nghiQm. Khi dd

* c)2 + b@x?, + bx, * c) * c =

= axlt +bx, 1c = 0 , triti v6i giA thidt- Vay
ag?, + bx,

ac > 0 (dpcm)

(x + y * z)3 = x3 + y3 + z3

Tacd:
83 = - z -

xt < 0 < r, nn ax, vi. ax, trdi ddu. GiA stt

arl > 0. Suy ra a(c -xr) = ac - ax, < 0

*gA-El

Nhfln x6t. 1) Tba soqn nhQn drroc sd ltrong

v6. Nhi6u bqn nhdm l6n
rdt l6n sic ldi giai grli
trong lQp lian - aOi v6i phuong trinh
aP +bt*c=0 (v6i t= ax2 +bx +c) coi di6u
kiQn v0 nghiQm <+A - b2 - 4a < 0.
2) Ban Nguydn Huy Tod.n (10A DHTH HN)
cbn md rEng bai to6n nhrt sau : Cho hai da thrlc
f(x), g&) io-Uac ch6n (> O) vit c6 c6c hQ sd cao
nhdf vd tu do nhu nhau. Bidt Sff@l = 0 v6
nghiQm. Chring minh ring hQ s6 tr1 d-o- vi he
sd cao nhdt c0a hai da thrlc dtj ctrng ddu.

3) Tuy vQy, vi6c ard rQng trgc ti6p bii to6n

tr6n drrgc d4t nhtr sau :
Cho d.a thrtc Pk) ftQc > 1) c6 it n.hdt hai
nghiQnr ud. phuong trinh P(P(x))' 0 uO nghiQnt.
Chung ntinh rd.ng cd.c nghiQnt. crta P@) citng
d.d.u. Ivlong c6c b4n xem x6t lai crich giAi cria
minh xem-cd thd 6p dung dd giai bei torin tdng
qurit tr6n dttoc kh6ng.
T{CUYEN VAN MAU

BAi T9/f97. Cho hai didnt A, B cd dinh

ffAn dudng trbn td.m O

uit. ntQt didnr. C chuydn

dQng ftAn duitng trbn d6. Tint. quy

td.m tam gid.c ABC.

li

Liri

tich trqng

giii. DatR

b6n kinh dttdng

trdn (O). Goi M ld

trung didm cta

ta c6 G nim giita
C, M sao cho GC =

ZGM. Udy didm I

nim giira O, M sao
cho IO = ZIM, ta
c6 IG ll OC (dinh

MI

IG'R = OC: m
Goi ,41,

li Ta-l6t dAo), suy ra

1R IG
: ,h"y
= ,viLc

B, li

cric giao didm cfia AB v6i

Dao l4i, rdy didrn

thuAn
. ta

R'
6 G., e (I
\;r) ;kdthoPv6i(1)ta

(, f;) "*,
"'
giao
B, ; Goi C'ld
didm crja tia

cho G'khdcA,,
MG' vli (O). Gqi G, li trgng tdm A ABC', ta c<i
G, nim trn tia MC' (L\ MAt khac, theo phdn

G, = G', hay G'lA m6t didm cria qu! tich.

vay qul tlch ld dudng trbn (/ ;
t.u r,.i
didm

A,

81.

f;)

Nh$n x6t : Cci 164 ban giai bai niy vi giAi

dring. Tuy nhi6n nhi6u biri trinh bdy quri dni
trong khi dd cd mQt s6 bii lai qu6 v6n t6t, mQt
vii biri srl dgng kidn thrlc cria c6c ldp PTTH.
C6c bqn sau dAy cri ldi giAi t6t i Luu Chi Dung
(11 TK4 Nangkhidu Bdc Thai), NgO DinhDuy
(10 CT, PT?II NK Trdn Ph{, Hai Phbng),
Th6i ThanhTud.n (10 Torin chuyOn L6 Khidt Quing NgEi), Phgm Manh Quang (10 T Lam
Son - Thanh Htia).
oANc vIEN

Xil didnt M ndnt b4n trong tt

ABCD. Ggi A', B', C', D' lit hinh chidu
uudng g6c cita M trn cd.c m;Qt cia trt d.i|n ; I
ld. trgng tdm. cila trl din A'B'C'D'. Ching
minh rdng MI lu1n di qua mQt didnr cd dinh
Bni

f 0/197.

d.iQn dbu

khi M di

vdi c6.c
canh cta
tip
hqp cAc glao

ABCD. Gqi

didm ctia chring

vdi c6c m4t cria
ABCD ld E vdi

= lAr,A"r,A^,
8,.8".8",:,D:.
E

dQng.

D',, f). Xot mat (BCD), ching h4n, ta c6 cac

arii,iid,, e-';:";incnr sao 3ho MA , tt AB t
MA, ll'AC!; IilA^ ll AD. Suy ra hirih chr;p
MA',AA.. d6u (d5 ddng d4ng ph6i cAnh vdi

'A.A,
Suy ra 2 Mxi:3(MA'+MB'+MC'+MD'\:nMf Q,)
.r t
(vi 1 ld trong t6m c.ua A'B'C;D'). MAt khric,
xdt dinh B chane han. ta c6 BA ll MA, v6i A,
e (BCD\ ; gC liMO, v1i C, e"6BDi ; BD fl
MD, v6i D, e (ABCi. Ntrtt -u|y, M, B, A1, C 1,
D) fa 5 din1r cria nrOt hinh hOp trong dd MB
Ia-mOt dttdng ch6o vd 4A, M%, MD.l? ba
canh. Ta c6 : MA, + MC) + MD) = MB.
Suy ra

(, , 3).

cri

tudng rlng song

song

MA,-+-MA,+MA.=SMA'
!++J+++

t6m tam gtrdrcABC,

,R.
e(r;g)

M kd cric
drrdng thing

ABCtr, t6ur ddng d4ng ld giao didm cria dudng

th6ng MA vdi (BCD) Kdt hop vdi MA' t
hay
G.rA./,r\ j4t c6 AU trongJ$m A A

AB;Glitrgng

IG

Ldi Sai.

Qua

-4i-++
Mr,= MA + MB+MC+MD=4MG (2)
L

.t e Il
(vi G ln trong tdm ctta ABCD). Tt (1) vi (.2),
ta c6 MG = 1MI hay M, G, -I th&ng hdng. Md
G cd dinh nn ta cd dpcm.
NhQn xdt : Cdc ban d6u giAi dtng nhtrng
nhi6u bii trinh bdy ddi vA v hinh rudur ri.
C6c ban sau dAy cci ldi giAi tdt : Vil Qudc Anh
(12T Ddo Duy Tt. QuAng Binhr, Nguydn Van
Soz (l1ct - QH - HuO, Phirng Qudc Dinlt
(11CT Lc Khidt, Qu&ng Ngai) ; Nguydn Hbng
Tdnt (ll CT Hung Vrrong, Vinh Phri).
oANc vtEN

Bei LUf 97.VOt B c6 hhdi luong nL,, : 3n1.

ding yn d chdn nQt phang nghi1ngi VQt A
cQ

hhdi htong nt o = nr chuydn dQng udi uQn tdc

ntqt phdip ndnt.'ngarug ddn ua chanr uito

uQt B (h. 1). Sau ua chqnt rugubi ta thd.y uQt A
ditng lgi, cbn uQt B clruydn dQng lAn nr.Qt phd.ng
nghiAng ddn dQ cao h,,. Sau do nguisi ta ho(tn
ui A cho B, ttlc ld dd A ding ydn d chdn mQt
phang nghiAng cbn uQt B clruydn dQng udi uQn

fitren

tdc u^ ddn ddp ud.o A (H. 2). Hdi sau ua chqnt.

uQt .t len du'6c den d.Q cao'h bang bao nhiau ?
dO quo n o td.t giila uQt u?t. cdc ntQt ptrang.

Ldi giAi

Truitng hqp 1. X6t sU va charn.trong hQ quy

chieu (.FIQC) gdn vdi m4t ddt. Ap drlng dinh
luit b6o todn dOng lrrgng vi chgn trgc r'r theo
hu6ng d ta a,rqc (H. 1) :

Ldi giai : Tdng c6ng sudt ti6u thu d m4ch

P = Pt + P2 + P3 + Pj *P-, = 700W

Crrdng d0 dbng di6n

P 700 175
u 24
6'
175
160
Tr)/ = y': * I.t--'
(J,

#-ara/'
nluo

-_-l-

*0=0*SntUu

suy ra

r,r8

co neng:

. Ap dr,rng dinh luAt bAo

35U2

,u3,

z"lg)
h, =

suy ra

u2

Ift

UA=0+q
Ap dqhg dinh

lu{t

[/,

(1)

toin

Cdn

B,diLZll9T. C6 4 dbn uit 1 diQn hd duoc

mdc uit.o 1 ngubn diQn c6 hiQu diQn thd
U = 24 u6n theo ntqch uE d tinh bn. Cho bi"dt
cdng sud.t tiu thu theo thrt ttt lit P = 150 W ;
|
Pz = 160 W ;.Pt = 200 W ; Pc = igO W ;
P s = 10 W. Tinh hiAu din thd, cuimg dQ dbng
di|n, diQn trd d m6i dbn uit diQn hd.
8

31U,

408)U.,

384

(2)

R2

cd

Phuong trinh ndy cri 2 nghiOm

96

tho

OK

u2

14U22-33gtL*2016=o

u2"

Nh$n x6t. Crj 30 em de gui bdi giAi, trong

d<i c<i 10 em cci ldi giei dring: Nguydn Tdt Son,
11A, PTTH Nghia Dnn (Nghc An) ; Duong
Minh Tdn, 28 ph6 Nguy6n Van Tr6i, euy
Nhon (Binh Dinh) ; V6 Qu6c Anh, LZt, Diro
Duy Tt (QuAng Binh), I{\ng Linh, 12F Lam
Son (Thanh Hda) ; Nguyfin Thanh Binh L2G
PTTH chuy6n Thdi Binh ; Thu Hibn, l2A,
PTTH chuyn Thrii Binh ;TrdnVan Binh,T'
K4 chuyOn to6n, PTTH N6ng khi6u Bdc Th6ii
"Nguydn-Vu Quang,10 Li PTTH Dio Duy Tr)
(QuAng Binh) ; Phitng Minh Hoitrug,12L1, Ha
NOi - Amstecdam (He Ngi) ; Truong Hdnt
Yang,llAl, PTTH Li TU Treng (Cdn Tho).

(32U2
=

(1)

P2

bing (1) vd (2) ta

cd neng ta dtroc

= ,U (2). So srlnh (1) vd (2) ta duoc h :

180

I-, ta cd

Rs

*UA=ur.
bAo

192

d=4

uz-u,

ntgho

'

P1

Trudng hW 2; Luc ddu ta xdt su va cham

trong IfQC chuydn d6ng vdi vrln tdcf,r. Trong
IfQC ndy vAt B drlng y6n cdn v6t A chuy6'n
dOng vdi vAn t6c uo ddn va cham vio B, gidng
nhtr d trudng hSp 1. Do d<i sau va cham vdtA
drlng yn. BAy gid ta x6c dinh v6n tdc cria A
trong HQC gdn vdi mat ddt. Ap dung c6ng
thrlc c6. ng vQn t6c ta duoc ;

I,,

Ps

Suy ra

Ti 1_, =

toin

216U)
U_,

suy ra

chinh

uz=7v

u? Uz

10,5V (nghi6m nny b! loai vi rlng

Uo: 12,9V > U,-"udbngl. di tr) dtrdi l6n).

v6i It 2 =
Tr, "u, u, = ffv, u, = ?V,

vdi

u, = Tv,

,, = #,

Ap dung eong thtlc

oU^
I = #ud. R =?,"r, ral,

- Ilo

t4,GA;

Rr = 0,71Q ; Ir = 11,7A;8, = 1,18Q ;

I.-'= 14,6A R,! 0,94e ; I, =- 17,bA:
En = 0,59Q t1s = 2,92A;h.s = 7J74.
. Nhfn x6t : Cd 15 em de gui bai giai, trong
dci cci 9 em cci ldi giei 6t : Lb Thiy-Nga, ILA
PTTH Nghia Da;, Ngh6 An ; Luu" itqnh

Tuitng, 1 1A PTTH Nghia Ddn, Ngh An ; Trdn

!0A, P?TH YOn Hba, Ha NOi ; Hod.ng
Anh L, 11A, PTTH Nghia DAn, Ngh6 An ;
Thu Hibn, 12A PTTH chuydn Thrii Binh ;
{-SuyAn Trsng Viet, 11A PTTH Hdng Quang,
HAi Drrong, HAi Hung ; Vil Duy NguyAn, Le
Ngsc Ti, llA PTTH Nghia DAn, NghO An ;
Lg H\e Nam, I Lf, Nang khidu Thrii Thuy,
Thrii Binh.
8d.9,

MT

Gidi ddp bdi

L5 sinh nhat

nnEo o0nEnnont

Tr) nhfn x6t cria Ddr6mon suy ra crich m5i

vi mBo c6c mOt vi thi crj mQt vi m6o cdc. Vdy
cd d6y cQc (C) vi kh0ng cdc (K) nhu sau :
...* c * c * K * c * c *K* c * c * K *...
Nhu vay giua 333 d khSch ng6i c.ich mQt
sE c6 222 mdo c6c. Bdi vi da sd khrich ld c6c
du6i cho n6n d6y ctng s nhu thd ddi vdi s6
mbo cbn lai (ghi ddu *). Nghia ld cd cA thAy
444 mdo cQc du6i.
Ddy dugc s6p xdp nhrl sau :
.., CCCC KKCCC CKKCCCC KK.,,.
Ta nh6n thdy day cci chu l<t 6 : CCCCKK.
Vdy c<i thd s6p x6p 666 vi khrich ngdi quanh
bdn trdn.

eai to6n vb dibn sd

Di6n cdc chtr sd tr] 1 ddn 9 vdo 9 6 cria bAng
dtt6i dAy, sao cho :
- sd cri ba cht s6 nim d
hdng ngang giua bing tdng
cfia hai s6 (cd ba chfi s6) ctia
hai hdng cbn l4i.
- sd cci ba chir sd nim d
cQt giua bing tdng cria hai
sd (c<i ba chrl sd) cria hai cdt cbn lai.
Bi6t ring tdng 3 cht sd ctra hing giita vA
cta c6t girra d6u bing 18.
DAO TRQNG QIIANG

BiNH PHI.JONc

(Suu rfun )
Ddn dAy, teii c6 thd ngimg

bft

dudc. Song dai tang them

thuydt phuc, t6i dd nghi voi ban dqc ring : khi dac lai giai
cria 2 cudn tr6n, ta n6n ng6m nghf cho ki hon nt7a, vA c0ng
mong ldn t5i bAn sau 2 sAch ndy khfug ph4m sai dm d6.
NGUYEN I-IO[.' DU

TOAN

MQt bei to6n

hai cudn s6ch lim sai

Dd la bei "Trong m$t duing trdn (o), AB ld mQt dubng
M lA mot diim chay tren dr.rdng trdn. Ta ndi
MA, MB, vA trgn tia d5i coa tia MA ta ldy diilm / sao
cho Mt = 2MB. Tim t6p hQp didm / n6i tr6n". DAy lA bAi
10 tlang 46 s6ch HH9 c0a
nhi xudt bln GiAo duc
kfnh cd dinh.

(NXBGD).

Trong cudn sAch giAi

bai tap hinh I - NXBGD vA

cu6n 6n luyQn toAn 9 nhA

di

m6y in NghQ An
trinh
bAy lAi giai va kdt tuan nhu
sau : "Tip hQp didm

/ lA

cung chtia g6c kh6ng dtii

v6 tran doanAB". Kdt Uan
nhu vay lA chua ddoc, Ta
vE qua A mOt drrdng thing
vu6ng g6c v6i,,4B cit cung

VE BAI TOAN PHUONG TRINH

KIEU FERMA
Tr6n tqp chi'To5n hec vA tu6'i trg' sd tgg nem 93
ban HoAng Oitc TAn da gi6i thi6u v6i d6ng dAo ban dec
mQr bAi toAn th0 vi drJQc nhidu ngudi quan tAm:t'rn nghiOm
trJ nhi6n c0a mot phudng tr)nh kidu FERMA

xi

xi

+ ... +

xi :4;

r" (x, *

o,

rt >

2l'.

(11

Trong bAi b6o crla minh ban HoAng Dr.Ic TAn dA tim th6m
mQt sd nghiQm m6i Od sung c6c nghiCm niA nhA to6n hqc
Li6n X6 N.P. Liapkin tlm ra nAm 1975. DAy qua that la mQt
bii to6n hdp d5n. LA ngudi chuy6n vd to6n li thuydt nhtmg
t6i cEng thti dd ra mQt thuAt to6n chay tr6n mAy vi tinh
c6 nhAn AT386 vA nhan duoc mot sd didu thrl vi :dring
nhd ban HoAng &ic TAn d6 vidt v6i a < 7 mei nghiem
c0a phudng tr'inh (1) dA drioc liet kO trong bAi b6o 193 ngoAi
ra m6y cdn chi ra them mOt sd nghiOm m6i, d6 le cac
nghiem sau '. 1.741.725, 4,210.818, 9.800.817 cho n = 7,

88.593.477 cho r = I vA cAc nghiQm 146.511.208, 472.335.975,

I hdn thi nr.ta cdn chi
534.494.836, 912.985.153 cho a =

AmB d C, clt cung AnB 6

C' va tao didm / nhu h'inh v6 thi khdng thuOc tap hop
cdn tlm. KCt luan t$p hqp / cdn tim cni lA 2 cung ddi
xitng nhau qua AB : CntB vd C 'nB (cA C, 4 C' c0ng
thuoc tip hop cdn tim).

ra cAc nghiOm sau dAy mA ban Hodng Oic TAn tim ra

cho trrrdng hop /, = 8 lA sai : 63.645.890, 63.645.891,
73.495.876 (ban dqc cung d6 dAng ki6!m tra duoc cAc s6
tr6n kh6ng th6a m6n phuOng trinh (t) v'i tinh chEn 16 crla
hai vd phrrong tr)nh (1) kh6ng tring nhau ! thf du 63.645.890
H sd ch5n nhttng ndu thay c6c ch0 sd crla n6 vAo vd trSi
c0a (1) thi kdt quA lA mot s6 16 l) Nhu vfy v6i md z < 10

c6c nghiQm coa (1) da dr.toc tim hdt. T6i tin ring phudng
trinh (1) cdn nhidu nghiQm n0a. Ai sE ld ngrrdi tirn dr-toc
nghiQm tidp theo l6n hdn 912.985.153 ?

TA HONC QIJANG

Bei T10/201. Trl diOn OABC vu6ng d O,

cd dudng cao OH c6 dinh, cric dinh A, B, C
chuydn dQng. K6 HA' t OA 6 A' t HB' r OB
d B' ; HC' t OC 6 C'. Chfng minh rang 6
didm A, B, C, A', B', C'cung nim trn ur6t
m{Lt cdu vir mat cdu niy luOn di qua hai didm
c6 dinh.

Cdc ldp PTCS

t-t, QUii<: ltAN

BAi Tl/201 : Tim r e Z dd sd 25r + 46 le

tich cria hai sd nguyOn li6n tidp.
NGLIYEN DTIC T,{N

Bdi T2l201. Tim

c6c

cht

sd x, y, z,

xy.yz - ztz,x*y,z*O

md'

LE HAI KI.IOA TRUNG

Bei T3/201. Bi6t c5c c4nh cira tam gi6c

ABC la ba s6 nguyOn li6n^ti6p. T.im d0 dni cac
canh cta tam gi6c ndu 3A + 28 = 18@
NGUYLN

KI

IAN}I NGUYEN

C6c dd Vat

BAi L1l20f . M6t mach di6n gtirn m6t ngudn

diQn (sudt diQn dQng E,,, diQn trd trrong r) vd
3 diQn trd x, y, z.

a) Trong 3 crich m6c sau ddy : 3 di6n trd

niii tidp nhau, 3 di6n trd song song nhau, 2
di6n trd y vb, z song song nhau r6i n6i tidp v6i
r, ngrldi-ta d6u thdy cOng sudt ti6u thu bdi z
ln khong ddi.

,a! *t,,ld crrdng do ddng

di0n qua z), theo , ,a i.
b)-Ap dUng s6 : cho r = lQ, x : 2{), 1,, =
5A' tinh Y' z' Eo'
Hay tinh y, z, ti

Cdc l6p PTTH

Bei T4l201. Chop ld mQt s6 nguyn dtrong

khric 5, d l}r mQt sd nguy6n duong, kh6c 2,
p, p * 8. Chtlng minh rang tr) tQp hop M = {2,
p,-p + A. d\ cd thd tim dtroc it nhdt li ba cqp
sd (a, D) khdc nhau, trong dci a, b lit hai phdn
trl khric nhau thuQc M sao cho ab - 1 kh6ng
lA blnh phuong cria m6t s6 nguy6n. Quy u6c
cQp (a, b) vn c4p (D ,o) lir nhrl nhau.
16,

TRAN Dt]Y HINII

Bni T5l201. Cho a .- ,{2 ui, q > 0. Chrlng

minh ring (qu + p-12 = 2-(q2 + q-z)
NGLJYE,N

VAN MAU

Bld T6/201. X6t hdm sd P.' R -E th6a

thgc cri
men : Ndu Q (r) li da thrlc vdi h6 s6
bQc > 2 t}l.i P (Q (r)) cong li mOt da thtlc.
Chting rninh rlng P lA m6t da thrlc.

.I'RAN vAN MINrr

B.niLzlz01- AB le vdt ctia kinh vat O, cho

th{tA?'nam trong ti6u cu FrO, ctia}<fnh
mit cho anh Ao A"8". A"B" ld 6nh md rn6t
nhin thdy quar kinh hidn vi.
Anh

TtBta
vE tia BI
song song
v6i
truc
chinh, tia
niy sau khi
qua kinh
vat
krnn vdt
cho tia 11( di

0t

Kai P+
qua f,leu
ti6u
't/v I F
, *-t=A{ n
didm -F,I cta
NGUYEN MIN[{ DUC
kinh
vAt.
va[.
Klnn
kinh
(
Bdi T71201' Tlm mQt hdm sd f(x), xdc dinh Tia IK sau ul
vdi mgi 916 tri thgc ctia r, sao chb v6i r bdt ki khi qua kinh
f llkl = -r vafr) nhin giri tri nguyon khir nguyn. m6t so cho tia KF di qua F vh k6o ddi di qua
NCUYE,N DONC

BAi T8/20f . Ki hieu la, lb lc ld dQ dni cric

drrdng phdn gi6e trong drroc k6 tdi cric canh
tudng (tng a, b, c cria tam giric. Chring minh

.abc

^)4*r"*q;r+ q*4>''t3
la

Ib

lc

b)6+c*"*o*o*o=7v3

S_

TO r{AI

Bni Tgi201. Tr6n parabol I y = x2ldy 6

di6'mAr, Av A3, A1, A5, A6. AtAscAtAAta
a ; Ala cdt ArA., 6 f, Ait cdt A64,, 6 y.
Chrlng minh ring q, fr, y th6ng hdng.
DAM VAN NTIi

l0

I} ". Nhu vdy F Ia Anh thAt cira F, qua kinh dd

quan s6t m6t vAt phing crrc nh6 AB dat tru6c
liinh vit sao cho &nh ctraAlg md m5t nhin thdy

6 crich m6t m6t do4n l. Hay chrlng minh

b6i giric thu drroc lir :

dQ

LD. a,
*=f,f,(l*z)

(D la khoAng nhin 16 ng6n nhdt cria urit

ngudi quan s6t, A la dO dii quang hgc cria kinh
hidn vi (khoAng c;ich tt ti6u didm Anh cria
klnh vQt ddn ti6u didm vft cta kinh m6t), f,
vd /, ldn ludt le ti6u cil cta kinh vit vi cta
klnh-m6t. Tt dd suy ra c<i mdy trrrdng hqp mi
AD ''
d0 bQi gidc se bdng ,

l'f z

PHAN'fUi.N KHANH

PROtsLEMS OF THIS ISSUE

TBl2Ol. Function P : R + fi possesses

property : For every polynomial Q(r) with
real coefficients with deg Q >- 2, P(QbD is
a polynomial. Prove that P(x) is a polynor-nial.

For lower secondary schools

Tll20l:

Find all integers r such that 25x * 46

product
of two consecutive integers
is a
NCUYEN DUC TAN

TZl2Ol: Find out digits x, !, 2,./ such that

Ty .yz = VE (x * y, z *"0)
. LE HAI KTIOA TRUNG
T3/201 : The lengths of 3 sides of triangle
ABC arc.3 consecutive^inteqers. Determine
AB, BC and CA when 3,4 +28 = 78V

NGI.IYEN MINFI DLIC

T7l2O1. Construct a funtion'f(r) such that

f(f(x)) = - r for all r fi, and f(x) is an integer

for each integer

NGt.rYIrN DLING

are lengths of inbisectors

corresponding to sides a, b, c of triangle ABC,
respectively. Prove that

T8/201.

T4l2Ol,Letp (p * 5)bean odd positive integer

and d be a positive integer different from 2,
p, p 18. Show that from the set M : : {2, p,
p + 8, d.! can be chosen at least 3 distinct pairs
(a, b) with a * b such that ab - 1 is not a
square (pafu (a,6) and pair (b, a) are considered
as the same)
TRAN DUY HINTI

T5l2Ol. Prove inequality

(q'+q-")z>2(q2+q-2)

f.ora2,{T,qr

lo , 16 ,1,

ilh.#,+#>,tg
l,r

lb

lc

b)b+c*"*n*o*=av33-

NG UYEN KI.'IANII NGUYEN

For upper secondary schools

I'0 I IAI
.
points At,A2,A1 ,44,45,A,, are
lying on the parabol ! : x2. A,A, meets A.A*
at a ; ArA,, meets ArA,, at p and ArAa meets
AuArat y. Show that a, B, y are colinear.

Tgl20l.6

DAM VAN NIII

Tll0l20l.

Consider the tetrahedron OABC,

having three right pland angles at vertex O,
such that O and its orthogonal projection I/
on the plane ABC are fixed (the vertices A,
B, C can be moving). Draw HA' t OA at A',
HB' L OB at B', HC' r OC at C'. Show that
the 6 points A, B, C, A', B', C' lie on a sphere
passing through two fixed points.
t,E QUOC }INN

NGI.]YE,N VAN MAU

D6 VUI MAY TixH

Mriy tlnh b6 trii th6 so cci nft bdm can bdc
hai, cho gi6 tri gdn dting thidu cira c6n bQc hai
vdi 8 cht s6. N6u binh phtrong c6n thidu ctia
s6 N ln, ta kh6ng drroc N.

Thl du, bdm

H6y tim mQt s6 mdbinh phuong bitng nrdy

d:(ung bling 10.
Drip : Hdy bdrn

tinh

8trtrtrtr

trE

ta drrqc cen thidu cria 5 li 2?360679 rdi dn ti6p

X = ta dugc binh phuong thi6u ctla nti lir
4,9999996.

tim Id 3,L622777
Xudt hi6n sau khi nam i-il
Sd phAi

vi

sd 10 xudt hi6n sau khi

bdrn

tr

NCUYEN OONC

1l

A- CAC LOP PTCS:

6.Eil

.a
H

FE

re)
H

,G
(,
A

vE
E

2
rG

\I
Ed
-\
U
G.
E
_gg.

Ed

NGLJYEN HUY DOAN

BAi 7/PTCS : Tdn t4i hay kh6ng c6c sd nguy6n drrong x,

(J
.O.

es
fr
H

,td
t
3
U

-D

d,
rlll

12

E
-t
A
w

dtEl

Ed

(J

!, z th6a mdn

TA H6NG euANC;

B}ri &/PTCS : Tim tap hgp A l6n nhdt gdm hiru hqn cric s6 thrtc, sao cho ndu
x2 GA vi x - 1 *x2 A.

x Athir + 1 -

HA HUY VUI

Bni 9/ PTCS : Cho dudng trbn (O) vd mQt dAy cung PQ. Tr6n ddy PQ ldy
didnr M, qlua M v c5c ddy AC vit BD bdt ki (B vh C d cung ph{a so vdi PQ).
Ndi AB, CD cdt day PQ tqi E vil F. Hay x6c dlnh v! tri cfra M trdn day PQ
MP ME
dd cd
MF

*:

ucuvBN KHANH NGUYEN

BAi 10/ PTCS': Cho tam $6,c ABC vd cdc didm M N, P tr6n cdc canh tudng
tng BC, CA, AB sao cho :

'BM_CN=AP=n
MC_NA-PB_*'

Chfng minh ring AM, BN, CP la do dii ba c4nh cira mQt tam giric. Goi S(H le,
diQn tich cria tam gi6e niy. Tim A sao cho S(k) dqt gi6 tr! nh6 nhdt cd thd drroc.
NAUYEN MINH HA

Bai 6/PTTH : Tim

cria sd :

(51e64

- cAc l6p prts

+ 5lee4)

tudng dttong :
i) lim g, =

chrr sd khrlc kh0ug cudi cirug trong bidu di6n thdp phdn
!

Bei 7/PTTH : Cho 0 .oi < a2 <

oAxc HuNc ruANc

,.. Chrlng minh rlng hai khlng dinh sau

+*

. ru.\''
" (
"\l -+-.
ii)lim
'r** )1a"""o"1
oo * tl
l
r?1[
)

ca

l-

19991098765432t t

xz + y3 + z5 :

-l
)G

d
E
(J
)<. rc\
o AA
-!3
<utr.

Bai 6/PTCS : Cho a, b, c, d, e ld 5 sd nguy6n tty y. Chrlng minh rdng tich

P = k - a)(e - b)(e - c)(e - d)(d - a)(d - b)(d - c)(c - a)(c - b)(b - a) chia hdt

NcuvEN urNH or-rc

Bai 8/PTTH : GiAi phtrong trinh :

xs+10x3+zox- lB=0.

'

rnAn vAN vuONc

Bni 9iPTTH : A, B, C le ba g<ic cria mQt tam gi6c. Tim giri tri nh6 nhdt cta

2ts2++Btszf,*+,*f,

bidu thrlc

NcuyEN vAN MAu

BAi l0/PTTH : Goi M ld tQp hgp tdt ca"ede didm trong kh6ng gian cd toa
d6 nguy6n (x, y, z).th6amin di6u ki6n I ( r < 3k, L < y < 3k, 1 < z < 3h,
vdi h ld sd nguy6n dtrong chin cho trd6c. TO tdt eL cdc didrn cria M bli 2k
miu sao cho m6i didm duoc to bdi dring mOt miu. Chrlng minh rlng tdn t4i
3 didm cd cung mdu vA la 3 dinh cria mOt tam gir{c cd hai cqnh song song vdi
c6c

trrlc cta

hO

tryc toa d6.

NGUYEN

rrrAc UINII

Tim hidu sdu thAm Todn h7c phd th6ng

PHEP BIEN ninln o0ruc DANG DAC BIET VA

UNG DUNG vAO VEC GtAl rOAN nirun Hoc
xcO rud psrnr
cip didm A, A' vD, B, B' v6i A,B' =
!4U.trongdd k > 0lb, mOts6thucduong. Cd
hai
= phdp ddngdangbisnA thinhA' vdB thirih 8,.
Cho hai

Blri to6n 2 : Clto LABC bdt hi. Ve phia

ngoiti tam gidc d6

(^

^ - ArVC
lcM = 1.CN

|tQt nheq.Arr nguyOn hudng ctia mdt phing goi

ld ph6p_ dbng dq,ng. tttue_n Mot pnep aai hia-ng
cria m4t phing goi ln ph6p dbng dang nehicti.
Sau ddy ln m6t phdp ddng dang thu8n aac UiOt
c<i t6,m, dci ln tfch cria m6t ph6p vi ttr crj ti sd
vd m6t phdp quaV cing t6m v6i ph6p vi
ftrt,cciI g<ic
quay Oo < a ra 180" < 3600:
Goi H(O, A) le ph6p vi trr tdru O ti sd & >
0
a) le p-!6p quay t6m O g6c quay a
v6i-u.a,^!,(0,
0o < q * 1800 < S00" thi : ,p(-0, h,' oi =
H(0, h). R(0, a) : 8O, a).H(0, il Sai la ph6p
ddng dang tAm O ti s6 ft g<ic quayl
. V4y : g(0, k, a) : M + M' sao cho
lolvr
<++

I BMC

AK2
BK 3'
rinh ffiN

ti

sd

frix = 6it
^
HAK

= a, u6i ,ro, =

^
CAtr/
=

=
.BHBClO
Laco .
,*= BM:"o*,
B?{)
6k ,
= 6i,t , B-b1 :'o,

i
i

aru6i tga, = )

Suy ra ph6p ddng dang

,l
\B ,
""*,
vay:
9

")

fr:X

HC1

KM:-*\
(KM,HC):a,
Tudng tu

g(A,cowr,a2):H - K

"o5

I xtt

+
,(o,Ja,X\,,
' "o5
:

ua

cho

^lo^l

Vay fhap ddng

d+ng

Tuong tu

tg ruek =
_ tg HBK = |uit
,
Suy ra,
'

BrCr; CD ud CtDr; DAud DrAr td 4 dinh. cia

mOt hinh binh hdnh.
-.^,Giai : Goi p. F, -C, n ldn lrrot li trung
q*" canhA.B, BC, CD, DA. Goi M, N, p',
{6.+
Q ldn ltlot le giao didm ctia AB vd' Arbr,'BC
vd BtCt, CD vi
CrDt, DAvd DrAr.
Gdi S le trung
didm ArB, Ta

90'

giai : Tt K drrng vdrRhia ngodi tam gi5c

KH T ABu\IKH =;AB. Ta c6

=!oM

'o'1o* = 9+

tant giot BCM ud ACN

guo Ar{ = z
lBrr
Tr4ru cqnh AB ltiy didnt.K sao

l(Ottt,OIW)=a
Bhi to6n I : Cho ti gidc ABCD n6i titlp
trong dudng trdn td,nt O I quoy trl gidc quanh
9 yO!g_6c a udi 0" < a < J6O" thEnh tii gidc
Apppr.
Chtng ninh rdng giao didnt-cia
cdc cdp duitng thdng AB ud A.BL;BC uit

lao =;

cd.c

sao cho :

Suy ra
ll/[

.F

*N

--->P

Vdv

)m = cosrl.
Krg = oz
[ 6d,

ftxttt, KN)=(KM, HC)+(HC, r(N) = ar*a,

I

lKM KM HC
-Q
Yey MNPQ - EFGH
HC ' KN
lmf
. EFGH li hinh binh hnnh. Suy ra MNpe le(
H

*N

t_

COSdI

cosrxz

hinh binh hdnh.

I3

tg

tga, * tga,
KMN = tq(dt + dz) = | * tga, tga,

A NMM'T-ANBC
Da bidt
LPAC - ANBC
Tn dd
APMM' - ANMM',
Hai tam gi6c niY cti

11
_3'2_.,
1-'
1
,6__
_r_

Y4y

fuN

+sn

Ta lai cci cosza, =

bing nhau (d6i xtlng

qua trqc MM).YAy

---ltgza, * t

FAw = fritt -MP=MN

,1

--.:-- + I
tgJa.
-tg22+l
I
,KM,z :

cos-G.z =

= (rr.r)

nr1

*t=

Sau dAy

^
^
BCN:3U,
ACP:
^
^
BAM=l5o
ABM=

Ching ntinh
LPMN uuing cdn
tai M.

(Dd thi To6n

qudc td ldn thri 17
nam 1975)
GiAi : X6t
_u
lr" =sin4b"
sin3oo

_ sin3o,

1r,
LlC

"tr,3o"

lo-s")

,r

(ru,

,C +B

Ydy F(B) = B.
- F Ia mOt phdp ddng dang

1.,5u../i 1-,

_
sin45" h

|, ror;

thufn

cci

j,r

lo6c 15tr + 105.' + 1050 = 36U'

F In PhdP ddng nhdt.

rlX gitr nguy6n B. Vay

Suy ra F(M) = M.

vay

ls(r) 9(P, /r , lO-s") ,r(n,f,rorl

,M
1 M'
M -"--"--"+ M
R(M,

Suy ra LPMM'
14

li

cric bai tqP tudng tU

1. Cho LABC bdt ki. DUng trn cdc canh

ctra tam gi6c vi phia ngodi cria tjrm glac cac
tarn girict6u ABM, BCN, ACKrg-sf P, Q ldl
luot ia tdm cta cdc tam gl6c BCN vd ACK.
Chfng minh :

a)CM L

PQ

b) cM = PQ{5
Cho trl gi6c l6i ABCD. TrOn c6c c4nh vd
phia neodi iria tt gi6c ta drlng c6c tam gi6c
ia" eEu, GDN, Be I vd ADJ. Goi P, Q li tam
cia cdc tam gi6c BCI vd ADJ. chitng rninh
MN t PQ vn MN = PQ{5
3. Cho LABC bdt ki. Drtng v6 phia ngoii
cria tanr giric di cho cdc tarl gi6c EBA, FAC
^
IAEB= AFC=9V
^
^
Itgane=ryFAC=2
tron ,B C ldy didm If sao cho BIf = Lf,"

LPAC

rinh

6iiva

ti

sd

B+A

Fttt't =

l^

sin45" - --r. lPlv6i h =

= vz'''

ls(P),2(P,k.

R(M.

= 4bo

sao cho

e(r, ;, io5") . e(P, k,1o5a) . R(M, 15v)

Suy ra

fei

VQy APMN vu6ng cdn tai M.

KM
KN
Biri torin 3 : TrAn cd.c canh cia L ABC bdt
ki dUng ub phia ngoiti ctia tam. gid.c dd cho
cd,c tanr giac ABM, BCN uit. CAP sao cho :
-^
^
CBN=45"
CAP=

F=

MM' chung vi cci

hu6ng nSl9c ndn

4. Cho hai dtrdng

ffi

thing nt, n cit nhau tai

S tao v6i nhau m0[ goc

a . Qua S dr;ng hai

drrdng thing bdt i(i Q, b. Cho
M e-nt;N :ru ;haMA,l- a vd MB t b;
.lfa, r i ve Nfi, i b Tim g<ic tao bdi
ArB, vd AB ?
5. Cho MBC bdt ki. Drrng tr6n c6c canh cria
tam gi6c vi v6 phia ngoii c6c tam giric ABM,
BCN: ACP, th6a mdn c6c di6u kiQn sau day :
il LACP -ABCN vh cci ht16ng ngrlQc nhau.

b) LABM c6n cci ddy AB (ho1e M li trung

didm ctia ABt
cf Tdng cdc q6c c52-!rtong]@A, ,GD ta
Olf.A (lroa" AMB , BNC vd CPA) bang 3600

lFtrN=2Fid
: MN

Chting minh.lfM

TruyQn cu Khoai

TYPE st = string [10] ;

VAR

DI CA KHEO

L6P bA : Array tl..Bbl of st ;

LdP 58: Array t1..201 of st;
LOP 5 : Amay tl..55-| of sr

xuAN TRUNG
Hai l6p 5A vA 58 tnrdng t6i cd it hoc sinh
n6n thiy hiQu trtrdng d6 nghi sr{t nhAp thdnh
m6t l6p goi lA l6p n6m. Vi6c l6p lai danh srich
tudng ld chuy6n don giAn hcia ra lai gay go.
Cri ban d6 nghi tflp hqp cA ldp lai, mdi ngudi
_
viSt ho t6n cria minh ra tb gidy rdi n6p cho l6p
trudng mdi. Ldp trudng theo nhirng td gidy dc;
sdp xdp lai danh srich. Ching han ban An drlng
tntdc ban Binh... Cd.c ban giAi thich ring dci
In kidu s6p xdp ABC g)6ng nhu trong cu6n tt
didn vAy.
Cu Khoai nghe duoc chuy6n bin trin drn i
bbn bAo tdi :
- C$u bAo cric ban ldy sd didm cta hai l6p
tr6n vdo theo kidu di cd kheo li dtioc ngay th6i
rud.

- Ci kheo la thd ndo ? Mdy dtng cri dr)a.

- Le dd trlng btr6c nhrr trong rap xidc dy

PROCEDURE Gh6p l6p;

var i, j, ft : intrger

Begin
I:= 1i
j : = l;

{Hoc sinh ddu ti6n cria 5A}

{HSc sinh ddu ti6n cria 58}
k := 0;
{Ltic ddu ldp gh6p chrra cci ai}
While (j < = 35) ADN (j < = 20) do
Begin
h: = k + 1 ; {s th6m 1 ngudi cho
ldp ghdp)
if Ldp 5A t,l < Ldp bB fil then
begin Ldp 5 {kl : : Ldp 5A tll ;
Dtra vio I6p gh6p
i: = i + 1 ;X6t ngudi tidp
theo cria 5A

end

else

begin Ldp 5 [k) :

= L6p bB[t]
Dua vdo ldp gh6p

cAu a.

j:=j+1;X6tngudiridp
theo ctia 58
1

2
3
4
5
6
7

End {While} ;
{Ndu 5A con ngudi thi dtra
vio l6p ghdp)
While (j < = 35) do
begin

k:=hll
5[k): = L6p bA t,]
i.'= i * 1 ;
Lap

DuyQt hai danh sdch tr] tr6n xudng drr6i,

m6i ldn lAy mQt ngudi d m6i b6n. TCn ai drlng
trudc thi dua vio danh s6ch m6i rdi ldy ngudi
ti6p theo 6 l6p dd. Sdm mu6n s6 cci rn6t ldp
h6t ngudi. Cu6i cting chi cdn ch6p ndt nhttng
ngudi cbn lai vdo danh s6ch mdi ld xong.
That la mQt y kidn d6c ddo. Trong chdc kit
t6i de vidt xong chrrong trinh Cd kheo bing
ng6n ngit Pascal vi giao cho cu Khoai theo drj
mi lAp ra danh s6ch rndi.
Cu Khoai rdt thich nhtrng chrrong trinh
vi6t bing ng6n ngfi Pascal. Chi vni gi6y sau
nd dd dua n6p danh s:ich l6p b m6i cho thdy
hi6u trudng.

end

{Ndu 58 cbn ngtrdi thi drra

vdo l6p ghdp)

WhileU<:20)do
begin

k:=k*l;
L6p 5

j:=j*l;
end

fkf: = L6p 58 []

{Ldp gh6p s6 cri tdng c6ng

li hoc sinh)

End {Gh6p ldp}

15

ch{ tqo mAy pndi

Thi hqc sinh gi6i toen qua thu d Volgograd (6.H.L.B Nga) do h6i cAc nhA

-t

hOp.

F
Fl

x*#i:r'"y;,I:B?;:l.JIItqa:*liiru":.'*dt.1ff
"niitli".Uilil33,i!&i"r,,S.i,lTd;
dii ttri ca=n.phAi. srri bAi siai trons thdi
[ii"'JA"'"p6ii"iiiiXidiir.irJ"!'rnJi n"" rn{t trdn.sar'*tri

thanh) chuyan in cechudng

t"n.Oiiran"sau *niadlni i,lO" c6ng.bd.tren ta bAo Ephil (PhAt
iJan-d votsosraa..u's,.roi tnam sia cuOc thi kh6ns bat. buOc
i;1";';Hi;;;niira iirvEn"ni^rt-tii,"g
Jang rTen bao. Nh0ig"nsudi iuoc giAi trong cac vdng thi qua thu, se
Itli Siai'ta-ili'"a.'6aiioan
b,lOchoi tham d\l vdng thi vidt tfp trung.
dOi dr/ tuydn dd gii tning
Ngo?ri giAi thtldng. nnOng l',1q" .inn auOi" diim cao sE dddc chQn vAo
ai nqE Gp"ve dAo tlo tai da"-tr,.rjng dai nqc hAng ddu trong C6ng hda li6n bang Nga'
1 ddn S dAnh cho cAc
DU6i dav lA c6c bAi thi coa vdnfl cu6c thi qua thu nam 1991..Cec bAi ttr
10 vA
ldp
hec
sinh
cAc
cnb
rt
aann
ddn
6
s]
c;""b;iiJ
i,
a,
nocliiniii}

-r
E
d

C)

c)

(t)

11.

1) C6 thd dtji mot tb bac 25 r0p thanh cAc td bac

cA tnAy rc td Uac 16 cAc loai duoc kh6ng ?

r[p'

lrao nam

1991

16

d Lion bang Nga c6 c6c loai td bac

vA 100 rtp).
2) Bing thu6c vA compa

lo4i

1 r0p,

3 r[p, 5 r(p sao cho nh6n duoc

a g6c 19" thanh hai phdn tli l0 v6i .6 vA 13'

6 vu6ns ld 1 ddn vi dei' ngubi.ta.vE m6t du-qn9
ii ita, m6l to gidy x! a.rrong voi.cannlocia
inong i't hEn 250 dinh 6 vu6ng ndm b6n trong hinh
trdn-v6i uin xi,.n ro"a';.j. c[,i"i-61]"i'-,an-b-

hiy

E
Et
d

rtp,2r0p,3 r[p,5 rup,10 rip,25 r0P,50

!#
d

chi

trdn dA cho.
chr't sd giting nhau
4) C6 thG! nhAn hai sd c6 hai ch0 sd Ad tlcfr nhan duoc lA mot sd c6 bfin
duoc khong ?
5) Cho bidt menh dd sau dAY d0ng :
ir*g .nAt phing, h)nh F bid; thAnh cninrr r trong ph5p quay tAm O' g6c quay 48o'
HAy x6t xem cAc mQnh dd sau dAy dring hay sai'
a) hnn F bidn thdnh cninn F trong ph6p quay tam O' g6c quay 90o'
ni H'infr F biin thAnh chinh F trong ph6p quay tam O' g6c quay 72o'
nhau
ot cnino minh rinq trong mot t,t-giac ndu teing cac binh phr.rong c6c canh deii dien bing
th) cdc dLroig ch6o cria tu giAc vu6ng g6c vdi nhau'
i) fi* ba sd nguyan td-lnac nnau cno bidt tlcn c6a ba sd d6 gdp ba ldn t6'ng cga chrng'
hop kh6c nhau
8) Trongi<h6ng gian cho pdn didm kh6ng diing phing. C6 tdt ca bao nhi6u hinh
dinh ?
nhin
=Slb6n didm da cho ldm
gokg^.hanh lf.cho.mOt
MOt nn6m gdm S hoic 6 khAch du.dich.cdn..phAi mang theo
:]',ryii ]h-"I
qu-"n.'nnii sdp *dp sei nanir lV da cno vdo c6c ttli x6ch nntt tnaindo dd trong,biLiiJi:tir: litsil?"
si
mot
duns
vd
stt
nhau
;"ns.5t id iuons hanir l1i nhu
c6 le h'mh
10) M6r"-,i[g'b-5,
tu oi6c duoJcdi tu mot;d sidy. C6 c6ch nAo.giAi thich dtJdc, ttj giA.c d6 gray.
,uOng'niy kh6ig ndu kh6ng tidn hAnh cAc phep do. cho bi0t c6 the duqc phep gap to
ri rudu ve s dudng thiig tro.ng m{t phing thl c6 thd nhan du6c bao nhi6u giao diim ? HAy
x6t tAt cA cac trudng hop c6 thd xAy ra

C,E
Fa

Q.r
ts
F+.
o
P)r

E
-,

F
ts

9'
r+
E

;6j';il8

Fl
t

Grot rHlEu
TOM TAT
DAP
--'a;,-lAN
XnOng tLd ui tdng c0a mot sd chdn c6c sd hang 16 phAi lir sd chin'
aii -: aingitnu6c vA Jompa ddt lion tidp g6c 19o mr:di cnin ldn, Khi d6 sE nh6n drldc g6c 1o.

Q-,

Suy ra dr-tOc c6ch dUng.

dAi. cdn tAm.cuq hinh vu6r19
Bbi 3 VAi m5i m6t dijm nguy6n, xet hlnh vu&rg canh.lA 1d.v.
^tai
iidm nim .tro(g hlnh-trdn b6n kinh la I thi tam
did#i; JnJ.'r.iAL'i-,iii, "rans i,a'y co ii nt'dth.mot
hdn
nhd
kh6ns
vdy
nhu
vu6ns
n'iih
cAc
tb,
t,.rong
iinn
sd
uan
r,iin
ii6,
i.,t"fr ;b;;';X.'i;;'iJ
diOn tich hinh lrbn b6n klnh lA 9, tr.lc lA kh6ng it hdn 250,
Bli J Kh6ng thd, vl sd aaaa chia hdt cho 101, me 101 ld sd nguyan t6'

O
T-

Ill

C)

Bll-iM6nf;ddasai,m6nhddbdnng.Cdnchrlylirphudngtrlnh48.n+360k=Nc6nghiOm

nguy6n khi N = 72 vd kh6ng c6 nghiQm nguy6n khi N = 90,

Bdi 6 C6 thd dirng m6t trong hai cSch sau :
CAch 1 : Dirng dinh l!' hAm sii c6sin.
C6ch 2 : Bing phudng phAp phdn chilng.
Bdi 7 Ba sd nguyan t6 le 2, 3 vd 5.
B;l I C6 tdt ca is hlnh hOP khAc nhau. X6t hai didm bdt ky A, B trong bdn dieim dA cho XAv
ra c6c tnlitng hOP sau :
1 AB la canh c0a hlnh hOP
2. AB la dudng cheo cUa mAt b6n hodc dAy
3. AB la duong ch6o cria hlnh hOP.
Khi x6t c6c vi tri c0a hai diiim kh5c, ta tlm dLIOc sii cAc hlnh h0p trong m6i mOt trttdng h4p
trjdng [ng le 8, 9, 12.
Bil 9 Dung 5 ttii xAch, m6i tOi drtng 15kg vA 5 tti xAch, m5i t[i dr-Ing 3kg. D6 thdy s{i ld4ng it
nhdt phAi dirng la 10 tui.
Bi,i to 1. Gdp hai dinrr ddi ai6n
2.
. Gdp c6c dinh kd nhau titng d6i mQt'
giao dilm Niu
tti:i tl liv thuOc vAo vi tri tiong dfii cua 5 dudng thing, c6 thO'c6 tit 0 ddn t0
kh6ng c6 hai'dudng nao tring nhau thi 2 vir 3 giao di6m ld khOng the co'
NGUYEN VAN ViNII

16

o
F
i>
lu
I p.t
I

lro
l
I l-l

TRA Lot THUBAN

Ban doc thdn ntdn !
Tba soan da nhan drroc rdt nhi6u thtr
cria ban doc. Ndi dung thtr.ctia ban doc
tdp trung vdo mdy vdn dd sau dAy :
- Thdi han giAi bAi cho m6i sd tap
chi.

- Sd ngridi cri ldi giAi dtroc n6u t6n

tr6n tap chi
- Thdi gian ra tap chi.
- Tim mua tap chi d dAu ?
Tda soan xin trA ldi chung nhu sar.r
:

I/d thdi han gi6i bii cho m6i sd tap

chi

Vi tap chi ra hing thzing cho n6n c6c

ban cung chi ccj thoi gian Ii hon m6t
th6ng d6' giAi bdi cho m6t s6 th6i (Tt
khi tap chi ra cho d6n 30 th6ng sau).
Khi nhAn duoc sd mdi cdc ban lai phAi
bit tay vdo giAi c:ic bAi cho sd mdi. Vi
vdy rdt nlong c6c ban cd g6ng giAi c6c
bdi ctia nr6t s6 trong thdi gian hon m6t
th6ng dy dd tao thcji quen, Kh6nC Crei
dttoc bdi nio thi b6 d6'ta lai b6t tay vio
giAi cric bdi cho s6 moi.

Vd sd ngudi c<i ldi giii duoc n6u

t6n tr6n tap chi

Hing ngdv tap chi nhdn cltioc rdt

nhi6u idi giei cria ban doc. Sd luong ldi
giAi cho m6i bdi ra l6n tdi vdi trArn. H6i
ddng bi6n tdp tidn hdnh chdm vA. chon
ra rn6t vii ldi giAi hay, gon vd th6ng
minh nhdt dang d6' ban doc theo dOi vd
tham khAo. Tuy nhidn, m6i bdi ra d6u
c<j thd giAi bang nhi6u c6ch cho n6n toa
soan cfrng n6u t6n m6t sd ban ccj ldi giei
tdt. Chtng t6i ncii "m6t sd', Id vi tap chi
kh6ng cci ch6 dd n6u tdt cit cd.c ban ccj
ldi giAi t6t dtloc. Rdt mong ban doc th6ng
cAm vd y6n tAn rang ldi giAi cia cdc ban
v6n dttoc drinh girl Ia tdt.

Doc

Vd thdi gran ra tap chi thdt

thudng

Chuydn

tt

hai th6ng ra rn6t sd sang ra

hdng th6ng tba soan dd cci nhi6u cd ging

dd tap chi crj thd ra tai Hi NOi vio ngdy
15 hdng thring. Tuy vdy 12 sd ctia nam

1993 de ra tai He NOi dao d6ng tt 12

ddn 18 hdng thring. Ri6ng hai sd I vd 2
nem 1994 do cci trd ngai ctia nhd in vi
vi6c nghi Tdt Am lich n6n mai tdi 22 vd.
28 moi ra duoc d Ha NOi. Tba soan xin

thdnh that xin I5i ban doc vd nhirng

chdm tr6 ndy. B6t ddu tt s6 4 nam lgg4
tba soan s6 phan ddu dd cri thd ra ddu
ddn vdo ngdy 15 hdng thring.

Vd viec tim mua tap chi 6 dAu

Tap chi To6n hoc vd Tudi tr6 phrit
hdnh theo hai con dr-rdng : COng ty ph6t
hdnh brio chi vi cdc COng ty phdt hdnh
s6ch vd thi6t bi trudng hoc. Vi vAy dd
nghi ban doc tim mua tai :

- C6c buu di6n thi trdn, thi xA thdnh

phd, huy6n, tinh.
- C6c cta hdng s6ch cta c6c C6ng ty
phat hnnh s6ch vd thidt bi trttdng hoc
cira dia phttong.
Qua c6c thtr ctia minh ban doc cla
ddnh cho tap chi nhirng ldi chtic mrlng
ndng nhi6t. Tda soan xin chAn thdnh
cdm dn ban doc v6 nhung ldi chtic tdt
dep dri. Tba soan Tap chi To6n hoc vd
Tudi tr6 xin chr"ic ban doc ddi ddo sr,lc
kh6e, vui vd vd cci nhi6u thdnh c6ng
trong hoc tAp, c6ng t6c.

TAP CHi
TOAN HQC VA TUdI TRE

cAu csuxc
Tod.n hec uit tudi tr|

On cho hgc sinh

r. YEU

dd tidn hdnh ddi m6i

l6p 12 chudn bi thi vdo

cao ding.

c6c

tnidng dai hoc vi

glTin lzqc; Nham gi6i thi6u cdc khdi ni6m,

vdn d6, n6i dung, phuong phdp ctra tin hoc
trong c6c tnrdng phd thOng ; m6i quan h6 qua
lai giira tin hoc vd to6n hoc...
lol Todn hgc uit' ddi sdng: Gioi thi6u nhtng
hoc,
to6n
trr
duy
luy6n
rbn
c6ch
phong
rlng dung cta to6n hoc vdo c6c linh vuc kh6c
hqc sinh
vdn
quydt
giAi
vn
phdt
hi6n
nang
khA
nhau cita ddi s6ng.
cao
ndng
aO. Cacn vidt cdn nhg nhAng, vui, di d6m'
lll Hoc sinh tint /di ; NhrJng bai viSt ctra
hoc sinh phd th6ng, tim tbi nhttng ldi giAi kh6c
CHfNH
I\,ruC
hay hon ldi giai c6c bdi to6n trong srich gi6o
tr. YEU CAU CnO CAC CHUYEN
ll N6i chuyAn udi cd'c ban trd yAu tud,n : Chit khoa, trong b6o THVTT vd nhttng tdi li6u
tham khio kh6c"
v6u nhim mric dich rbn luvn ttr duy todn hoc
6 aav kidn thrlc khdng phai ta muc dich urd
12l Ngodi ra cbn cci nhiing chuy6n muc
ld c6irg cu, sAn phdm ng\i6-11 lhig". thu dttgc . nhrr : Lich sir vi nhirng mdu chuy6n v6 ti6'u
sau klii giei quydt vdn d6. Kidn thrlc chi nou
to6n hoc,'Tin tfc day hoc to6n kh6p
vita dti sio ch-o bdi gon md dat dtloc muc ti6u stt c6c nhd
ndi, Ban cci bidt, GiAi dap th6c m6c, v.v "
xAy drrng phong criCh hoc to6n cho hoc sinh.
'l3l Tod.n hgc uit, tudi tuA cbn dang Anh phAn
2l Tim h.idu sd,u thant. tod,n hoc phd thdng :
Nham muc dich ddo sAu, md r6ng vd hQ thdng 6nh cic hoat ddng day vd hoc to6n cung cdc
ho4t d6ng khdc cira cdc tnrdng va dia phr:ong.
hria nhrrng kidn thrlc trong trudng phd th6ng.
3l Budc d.d.u tint. hidu tod.n hqc hi1n d'ai :
Girip md rOng tdur nhin cho ban doc. Ldm sao III. NHUNG DIiU CAX CHU Y
dd v6i vdn kidn thrlc da cci hoc sinh cci thd nhQn
li ilai viSt tr6n mOt rnAt gidy. Hinh ve ro
thfc so b6 v6 nhilng kh6i ni6m, phuong ph6p ring, cci ghi ch6 dat hinh. M6i bai ddi kh6ng qua
Iufln so ding cria toSn hoc hi6n d4i, gcip phdn hai nghin chrr (kh6ng qud 6 trang d6nh mrly)
kich thich vd gAy hrlng thri tim hidu to6n hoc.
2lM6i d6 ra phAi cci kdm ldi giAi, viet ring
4l Db ra ki nity; Nhirn httdng d6n nguoi trOn mQt rnrinh giay. CuAi m6i bai ddu ghi ddy
giAi t6p duot vAn dung tdng hgp cdc kidn thrlc dir ho tOn, dia chi itra ngudi ra d6. D6 ra cdn
ghi 16 ld sang tac hay sui tdnl (Ndu cd thd xin
da ccj dd giAi bdi torin bing phttong ph6p thOng
ndu
[,ii kOm bAn dich d6 sang tidng Anh
minh vd s6ng tao. Dd ra cci thd ld sdu tdm
3/ Bai dich hay sUu tdrn cdn ghi 16 t6n. nAnr
bii todn cci ldi giAi hay.
vd
xudt bAn ctia tii li6u dci.
noi
Sl 6ru5 kinh cdi cd.ch. d.ay uit' hgc tod.n : Phin
chi gui vd mOt ftong2 dia chi :
Bdi
4l
6nh nhtrng y kiSn cita hoc sinh, phu huynh hgc
Htlng Dao, Hd N6i
Trdn
81
sinh vd c.ic thdy, cO gi5o v6 c6eh hoc, c6ch d4y,
231 Nguy6n Van Cr), T.P Hd Chi Minh
vd s6ch giSo khoa vd s6ch tham khAo m6n to6n.
5/ Rieng bdi giAi cria hoc sinh chi gti vG 81
6l N\L cuiti tod,n.lzpc ; Nhtng bii vidt ndy
Httng; Dao, Hd NOi.
Trdn
cdn rdt vui vi cci thd gdy tidng crrdi sAng kho5i
gi6n.
thu
6i Anh ndn Id Anh mdu cd 9 x 12, 6nh rndi,
ccj
chti thich n6i dung vd ho t6n, dia chi cira
co
sd
NOi
hgc
;
7l Ditnh cho cdc ban Trung
dung bii vidt d6 c{p c6c vdn d6 phuc vu ban ngrlbi chup.
doc ti l6p 6 ddn l6p 9.
7/ Bdi.kh6ng dang kh6ng trA lai bAn th6o.
Bl Ditnh cho cd.c ban chud.n bi thi udo dai
IOAN HOC VA TUdI TRE
hec ; Gdm cric bdi hrrdng ddn crich hoc, c6ch
.

nQi dung, hinh thtlc vd md r6ng d6i tttong phuc

vu. Cdc bhi vidt n6n nhlm phqc vu ddi

tuqng r6ng r6i bgn dge b ci cl6c trudng
Phd ;honttrung hgc l6n c6c trtrdng phd
th6ng co sd. Bii vidt cdn chri y xiy drrng cho

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ISSN: 0866 -

8035.

Md sd : 8BT03M4

Chi sd 12884
In tqi Xrr6ng Chd bAn in Nhd xudt bAn Gi6o duc.
In xong vn gfii luu chidu th6ng 2 11994

Gi6 :1200d

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