2007 SECTION Tl, PARE A
SA781/84-781M
SPECIFICATION FOR CASTINGS, STEEL AND ALLOY,
COMMON REQUIREMENTS, FOR GENERAL
INDUST:
SA-781,
CXS
RIAL USE
/SA-781M &
(dential with ASTM Speciation A 7B}/A 781M-99a,)
1. Scope
LA. This specification covers a group of requirements
that are mandatory requirements of the following stee]
casting specifications issued by ASTM, Ifthe product spec-
ification specifies different requirements, the product speci-
fication shall prevail.
ASTM
Designation “Tide of Specification
ADTIA2IM Steel Castings, Carbon for General Appli-
AIQB/A 128% See! Castings, Austenitic Manganese
ALQBIA 148M Stel Castings, High-Strength, for Steve:
‘url Purposes
‘wel Castings, ron-Chromiam and Iron
(Chromvua-Nickel, Hea-Resstat for
General Applicaion
20014 297M.
AAATIA ASTM Sheol Castings, Chromiuae-Nickel-tron
Alloy @5:12 Clas), for High-Tempera-
ture Service
‘AARGIA ABEM Stel Castings, foe Highway Bridges
AASS(A 494M Costngs, Nickel and Nickel Alley
ASOD/A SOOM ——Custngs, Chrominm-Nicke Alloy
ATIB/A TAM Castings, on-Chronivm, iron-Chonsia:
NisKel, Conosion Resist, for General
Appicition
Castings, on-Chremiom-Nickel, Coreen
Resistant, far Severe Service
Steel Casings, Staines, Precipitation Hard
ening
ASIA 140M
ATATIA TIM
‘A890/A 890M Castings, Iron-Chromian-Nickel-Molybde=
‘num Corresion Resistant, Duplex
(Asstenite/Ferie) for Goneral Applic
ASISIA 915M Stel Castings, Carbon and Alloy Chem
1.2. This specification also covers a group of supple-
mentary requirements that may be applied to the above
specifications as indicated therein, These are provided for
use when additional testing or inspection is desired and
apply only when specified individually by the purchaser
in the order.
1.3. ‘The requirements of the individual material speci-
fication, and this general specification shall prevail in the
sequence named.
14 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI
units are t0 be regarded separately as standard. Within the
text, the ST units are shown in brackets. The values stated
in each systein are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
system mist be used independently ofthe other. Combining
values from the wo systems may resultin nonconformance
with the specification. Inch-pound units are applicable for
material ordered to Specification A 781 and SI units for
‘material ordered to Specification A 781M.
2 Referenced Documents
241. ASTM Standards:
A.271A.27M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for
General Application
‘A 128/A 128M Specification for Stee! Castings, Austenitic
Manganese
A148/A 148M Specification for Stee] Casti
Strength, for Structural Purposes
A.297/A 297M Specification for Steel Castings, Ivon-
Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant,
for General Application
‘8-310 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Test-
ing of Stee! Products
AAST/A 447M Specification for Steel Castings, Chro-
mium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Tem-
perature Service
‘A488/A 488M Practice for Steol Castings, Welding, Qual-
ifications of Procedures and Personnel
s, High
1379 SAITBL/SA-TBIM
A494 /A 494M Specification for Castings, Nickel and
Nickel Alloy
‘A560/A 560M Specification for Castings, Chromium.
Nickel Alloy
A 609/ 609M Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy
and Martenstic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic Examination
‘Thereof
‘A 143/A 743M Specification for Castings, Inon-Chro-
sium, Ieon-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for
General Application
A T4414 744M Specitication for Castings, Inon-Chro-
jum-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service
‘A141 747M Specitication for Sieel Castings, Stainless,
Precipitation Hardening
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
Chemical Analysis of Stee! Products
‘A.800/A 800M Practice for Steel Castings, Austenitic
Alloy, Estimating Fersite Content Thereof
4 802/A 802M Practice for Steet Castings, Surface
Acceptance Standards, Visual Examination
‘A890/A 890M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chro-
mium-Nickel-Molybdenum Corrosion-Resistant,
Duplex (Austenitic/erritc) for General Application
‘A915/A 915M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon
and Alloy, Chemical Requirements Similar to Standard
Wrought Grades
A919 Terminology Relating to Heat Treatment of Metals
E94 Guide for Radiographic Testing
E 125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indica-
tions on Ferrous Castings
165 Test Method for Liguid Penetrant Examination
E 186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled 2 co 44in,
G1 © 114 mm) Steel Castings
#280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled 4 to
12 in, (114 to 305 mm) Steel Castings
E340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and Alloys
353 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless,
Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chro-
iium-Nickel-iron Alloys
.3$4 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Tem-
perature, Blecttical, Magnetic, and Other Similar iron,
Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys
446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2
(51 mm) in Thickness
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination
3. Terminology
34 Definitions
3.1.1 The definitions in Test Methods and Definitions
A370, Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751,
and Terminology A 919 are applicable to this specification,
and those Tisted in 1.1
22007 SHCTION H1, PART A
Materials and Manufacture
4.1 Melting Process — The stel shall be made by open-
hearth or electric fumace process with or without separate
refining such as argon-oxygen-decarburization (AOD)
unless otherwise specified in the individual specification,
5. Chemical Composition
5.1 Chemical Analysis — Chemical analysis of materi
als covered by this specification shall be in accordance
with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.
5.2 Heat Analysis ~ An analysis of each heat shall be
‘made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of
the elements specified in the individual specification for
te grade being poured. The analysis shall be made from
4 test sample preferably taken during the pouring of the
heat. When érillings are used, they shall be taken not less
than % in, [6.4 mm} beneath the surface. The chemical
composition thus determined shall conform to the require-
mens in the individual specification for the grade being
poured.
533 Product Analysis — A. product analysis may be
rade by the purchaser ffom material representing exch
heal [oo asting The analysis shall be made on represen-
tative material. Samples for carbon analysis of earbon and
ally stel shall be taken no loser than in toa cast
surface, except that castings too thin for this shall be ana-
Iyaed on representative material. The chemical composi-
tion ths determined shall meet te requirements speciied
in the applicable specification forthe grade involved, or
shall be subject to Teection by the purchase, except that
the chemical composition determined for carbon and JOw
alloy steel casings may vary from the specified liits
by the amounts shown in Table 1. The product analysis
toleranoes of Table ae not applicable as acceptanc
criteria for heat analysis by the casting manufacturer, When
Comparing product and beat analysis or ober than carbon
and Tow alloy stels, the reproducibility Data in Test
Methods E 353 or 54, as applicable, shall be taken into
5A Unspecified Elements — When chemical analysis
for elements not specified for the grade ordered is desired,
Supplementary Requirement $13 may be specified.
5A, Grade substitution, for stainless steel or nickel
base alloy castings, is not permitted. Grade substitution
‘cours when the material supplied:
(a) contains an element, other than nittogen, that is not
specified in the ordered grade; and,
(b) the amount of that element equals or exceeds the
minimum requirement for the element in another grade for
which it is specified
For this requirement, a grade is defined as an alloy
described individually in a table of chemical requirements
1380 2007 SECTION IL, PART A
within any specification listed within the scope of
ATBI/A 781M.
‘Tensile Requirements
6.1 The individual product specifications vary as to
whether tension tests are required; for this reason, and to
determine specific est requirements, the individual product
specification should be reviewed,
6.2 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, when
mechanical properties are required by the product specif
cation, test coupons may be cast integrally with the cast
ings, or as separate blocks, in accordance with Figs. 1,
2, oF 3 except when Supplementary Requirement S15 is
specified. The test coupon in Fg, 3 shall be employed ony
for austenitic alloy castings with cross seetions Jess than
2% in
7. Workmanship, Winish, and Appearance
7.4 Allcastings shall be made in a workmanlike manner
and shall conform to the dimensions on drawings furnished
by the purchaser before manufacture is started, If the pat-
tern is supplied by the purchaser, the dimensions of the
casting shall be as predicted by the pattern.
8 Quality
8. The surface of the casting shall be free of adhering
sand, scale, cracks, and hot tears as determined by visual
examination. Other surface discontinuities shall meet the
visual acceptance standards specified in the order. Practice
‘A.802/A 802M or other visual standards may be used to
define acceptable surface discontinuities and finish, Unac-
ceptable visual surface discontinuities shall be removed
and their removal verified by visual examination of the
resultant cavities,
1381
SA-TB1/SA-781M
8.2. When additional inspection is desired, Supplemen-
tary Requirements $1, $2, $3, $4, or 85 may be specified.
9. Repair
9.4 Repair by welding shall be in accordance with the
requirements of the individual specification using proce-
dures and welders qualified in accordance with Practice
A488/A 488M.
10. Inspection
10.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchaser’s
inspector all reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy that
the material is being produced and furnished in accordance
with the applicable specification. Foundry inspection by
the purchaser shall not interfere unnecessarily with the
‘mamufacturet’s operations. All tests and inspections, with
the exception of product analysis (5.3), shall be made at
the place of manufacture unless otherwise agreed,
1 Reject
LULA Subsequent to acceptance at the manufgcturer’s
works, material which is found to be unacceptable as deter
‘mined by requirements specified in the order may be
rejected by the purchaser. ‘The manufacturer should be
notified of such rejection. Ifthe manufacturer is dissatisfied
with the results of any tests performed by the purchaser,
he nay make claim for a hearing.
12, Keywords
12.1. castings; common requirements; steel and alloy. SA-781/8A-781M. 2007 SECTION IH, PART A.
FIG. 1 TEST COUPONS FOR CASTINGS WITH DETAILS OF DESIGN
3Migin 6 27m
Tl 2g in| ee
tenth ele
her
rie
1 Fein
fe
vt
‘ip In radius
Z “ar
“ernate design for Bod bt
Pedding it
88g in 427m}
Tp [pe 8% in
Alternate design
for bend ber
GENERAL NOTE: Radius of casting coupon interfece at option of foundry.
Metric Equivalents
07
Aernete desion
forbend ber
vain
tein min —el
Side View Kee! Block Coupon
L427 —
Tom fe — (6 ine min —>]
‘ B
in Ye % 14 % 2 on 3% 5 %
fmm) te a cas Tsu isn F983 an wasn
Leg Design (125 mn Riser Design
15 fn, (125 med einimur length will be 2. L tlongth)
Used. This length may be increased atthe
option of the foundry to accomodate ada
tional tet bars (see Wate 2),
a. &tlengthd
2. nd Taper Use of and sie of end taper is at te option
ofthe foundry. 2. width
2. Heloht 1% in L32 ene)
4. width (at top! 1% in. [32 mm) (see Note 2)
5. Radlus (at ein 3 em, max
bettas
6. Spacing between A Yn, £13 me vadlus will be used between
legs Ue tgs 3, Peiser taper)
17. Location of test The tansile, Bene, andl impact oars willbe taken —_—helght
bars ‘the leg (soe Note 2).
‘he number of legs attached to the coupon is
‘aL the option of the fourdey previirg they
‘are equsspaced according ta item 6.
8. Number f feos
‘The length ofthe riser at the base wil be the
same asthe top lenath ofthe leg, The
Jenath af the riser atthe top theretore
ffopends on the amount of taper acted to
the riser,
‘The wicth ofthe eser atthe base of a mut
lle coupe shall be (2%) [57 man —
5,026 mm where maquals the number of
legs altched tothe coupon. The width of
the riser atthe top is therefore dependent
fon the amount of taper added to the sr
se of an size isa the option ef the foundry.
“Tha mieoum eight ofthe riser shall be 2 in.
{52 mind. The manimurn height is at the
option of the foundry for the fllonira rea.
sons: (ab many risersare cast open. (8 difer-
ent compositions may require varlation In
Fiserig for soundness, (c different pouring
8.8 Racos from 0 to approximately 4, i.
(2mm temperatures may requlre variation tn ris-
ering for souncness.
ore 2 — Test Coupons for Large and Meavy Stee! Castings: The test coupors in Fig. 1 are to be usd for large and heavy steel castings.
However, a the option of the fousdy the erost-
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