CHNG III

QUERY TRUY VAN D LIEU

I. KHAI QUAT : I.1. nh ngha : La 1 cong cu Truy van dung cho cac yeu cau thng nhat nham muc ch khai thac cac d lieu sao cho hieu qua nhat. Gia s muon in ra mot bang gom cac thong tin ay u theo yeu cau cua ngi quan ly, o la tap hp d lieu nam trong nhieu tables, phai chon ra d lieu t cac tables trong c s d lieu e the hien c bang theo mong muon. Chc nang Query cho phep ta lam c viec nay mot cach de dang, lu tr thanh oi tng trong c s d lieu. Khi nao can en bang ket qua, ngi s dung ch can goi ra ma khong can phai thc hien lai. V du : Nha thuoc cua benh vien bu ien II can in ra mot bang gom nhng d lieu nh trong hnh

Hnh III.1 V du Ket qua mot Query

Trang 213

TLGD TIN HOC QUAN LY

I.2. ac iem cua Query : Trong qua trnh thc hien Query se phat sinh ra cac bang ong (Dynaset table), ch ton tai trong qua trnh chay Query (nen t b chiem da va bo nh) Query co the lay d lieu t mot, nhieu bang khac nhau, hay t mot hay nhieu Query khac. Query la nguon d lieu cung cap cho Report, Form. Query c s dung nhieu trong Macro, Module. Hay con c dung e tao 1 bang mi.

I.3. Phan loai Query : Co nhieu loai Query, nhng ay ta ch xet en mot so loai query ma thoi. 1. Select Query : ( Query Chon so lieu) dung e Chon cho hien th d lieu theo nhng vung can thiet Chon cho hien th d lieu theo nhng vung can thiet theo ieu kien Chon hien th ket nhom so lieu Co the tao them cac vung tnh toan. Co kha nang van tin tren nhieu Tables V du : Cho biet cac nhan vien co tham nien t 10 nam tr len Cho biet cac nhan vien co mc thu nhap cao t 3 trieu tr len 2. CrossTab Query : ( Query Tham chieu cheo) Giup ta tong hp hay phan tch so lieu Ket nhom so lieu theo chung loai, hien th di hnh thc cua 1 bang tnh Excel. Trong bang co cac dong cac cot, ten cua cac cot do ta tuy y chon t bang c s hoac t Query khac. Giup so sanh gia tr d lieu, cho thay thong tin tom tat nh doanh so ban hang thang, hang quy, hang nam, cho thay chieu hng phat trien cua d lieu. Nen query nay thng dung e lap bang bao cao

Trang 214

NTH

PHAN ACCESS NG DUNG trong Quan ly D lieu

3. Make Table Query : (Tao bang d lieu) T ket qua cua mot query tao ra table mi, d lieu trong bang mi chnh la d lieu t nhng bang goc. Nh vay bang mi la e cha d lieu d phong. Hay e tao ra bang cha d lieu ac biet e phuc vu cho muc ch rieng. 4. Update Query : (Cap nhat d lieu) Cho phep thay oi cap nhat d lieu, co the thay oi theo dien rong, v du nh thay oi toan bo ma va ten goi cua loai hang co ma la KS thanh ma TS va ten goi t Khang sinh thanh Tru sinh 5. Append Query : (Chen them d lieu) Cho phep them d lieu t mot hay nhieu bang vao mot bang khac a ton tai. 6. Delete Query : (Xoa d lieu) Cho phep xoa mot hay mot nhom mau tin trong mot hay nhieu bang d lieu, v du xoa nhng khach hang khong con quan he mua ban trong 3 nam qua 7. Find Duplicate Query : (Tm d lieu trung) Tm cac mau tin co d lieu trung khp tren mot hay nhieu vung. V du ta can tm ra tat ca nhng hoa n a lap trong ngay hom nay. 8. Find Unmatched Query : (Tm d lieu khong trung) Tm cac mau tin ma gia tr cua mot Field (trong bang nay) khong trung khp vi bat ky mau tin nao khac trong bang so sanh. V du ta can tm ra tat ca nhng hoa n a lap trong ngay hom nay. Gia s khi nhap Manv ban hang, v ly do g o ma ta nhap khong ung, e kiem tra c ieu nay ta dung query Find Unmatched Query. I.4. Cach tao Query : Ta xet en cac cach sau ay e tao c mot query. 1. Dung Query Wizard : Xay dng query thong qua hng dan cua Access. Access se dan dat ta tng bc khai bao nhng muc can thiet. De s dung nhng ch cho tao 4 loai Query : Select Query
Trang 215

TLGD TIN HOC QUAN LY

CrossTab Query Find Unmatched & Find Duplicate Query 2 . Dung Design view : T ta phai thiet ke Query tren khung li QBE (Query By Example) V du : Tao mot query bang Design view trong ng dung Seles Manage

Hnh III.2 V du ve man hnh tao Query tren khung li QBE 3. Dung ngon ng SQL: (Structure Query Language)

Co the dung ngon ng van tin co cau truc e tao ra query, cau truc cua query nay c lu lai thanh mot oi tng query trong ngan query. Khi nao can se goi ra Hoac viet mot cau lenh Sql ngay trong cau truc cua Table, Macro, Form, Report, hay Module e lay d lieu theo y muon t cac nguon d lieu la table hay query khac. V du : Trong Record Source cua Form fNhanvien ta dung mot cau Sql e lay d lieu nguon la mot so vung trong tNhanvien =SELECT Manv,Tennv FROM tNhanvien V du : Trong man hnh SQL View dung cac lenh Sql e tao query trong ng dung Seles Manage

Trang 216

NTH

PHAN ACCESS NG DUNG trong Quan ly D lieu

Hnh III.3 Man hnh cau lenh SQL

Hnh III.4

Man hnh Ket qua cua query

Mot so lenh va ham trong SQL : a. Cac lenh trong rut trch d l ieu : SELECT <danhsach bieu thc> : Liet ke cac vung can hien th FROM <ds Table> : liet ke ds cac bang tham gia [WHERE <ieu kien>] : Ghi ra ieu kien han che d lieu [GROUP BY <ds vung> : Ket nhom so lieu theo vung nao (thng kem theo cho cac ham tnh toan so lieu tren 1nhom nao o nh Sum, Average, count) [HAVING <K cho nhom>]] : ieu kien han che cho d lieu trong nhom [ORDER BY <ds vung>] : Sap xep d lieu theo vung nao, mac nhien la tang, con giam la DESC

Trang 217

TLGD TIN HOC QUAN LY

b.Mot so ham thng dung : MIN : Tra ve tr toi thieu MAX : Tra ra tr toi a SUM : Tnh tong AVG : Tnh trung bnh COUNT : Tong so mau tin c. Mot so toan t ac biet : LIKE : Dung so sanh (d lieu chuoi hoac so) V du : - In ra tat ca nhng nhan vien ho Tran : SELECT (*) FROM Nhanvien WHERE ho LIKE Tran * . In ra tat ca nhng nhan vien sinh nam 1970 1979 SELECT (*) FROM Nhanvien WHERE year(ngaysinh) LIKE 197# BETWEEN <Can di> AND <Can tren> V du : Chon ra nhng ngi lng thap SELECT (*) FROM Nhanvien WHERE Luong Between 800 000 And 1 200 000 II.
TAO CAC QUERY :

II.1. SELECT Query : II.1.1. Query chon so lieu :

a. Cach 1 : Thc hien bang Query Wizard

ng ca so Database, chon ngan Query trong cot Object, nhap nut New tren thanh cong cu cua ca so Database
Trang 218
NTH

PHAN ACCESS NG DUNG trong Quan ly D lieu

Trong hop thoai New Query Simple Query Wizard, roi nhan nut OK

Hnh III.5 Chon tao Query bang trnh Wizard Trong hop Table/Query, chon ten cua nguon d lieu muon lam c s cho Query ang tao, vd nh table Customer, chon cac field hop Available fields, click vao nut > e chon tng field chuyen qua ngan Selected field, nut >> la dung e chuyen tat ca cac fields cung 1 lan, nhan Next

Hnh III.6 Chon cac field tren cac table e tao query Neu co nhieu tables / queries th tiep tuc khai bao giong nh bc tren, lap lai bc nay cho en khi co u cac fields can mo ta trong query, Nhan nut Next e chuyen sang bc tiep theo

Trang 219

TLGD TIN HOC QUAN LY

bc nay e mac nh chon la Detail e tat ca d lieu cua cac mau tin trong tng vung, neu chon Summary ch the hien tom tat d lieu.

Hnh III.7 Chon loai the hien query la Summary hay Detail at ten cho query , chon nut Finish e ket thuc.

Hnh III.8 at ten cho Query Chon m bang ket qua cua query Open the Query to view information, hoac chuyen sang che o design e chnh sa query Modify the query design, Nhan Finish e ket thuc.

b. Cach 2 : Tao Select Query bang cach Design View - man hnh khung
li QBE (Query By Example)
Trang 220
NTH

PHAN ACCESS NG DUNG trong Quan ly D lieu

Man hnh Design

M/h ket qua

Hnh III.9 Man hnh QBE va ket qua cua Query Trong ca so Database chon Query, chon nut New, trong hop thoai New query chon Design view . Khung li QBE hien len cung vi hop thoai Show tables e ta chon nhng tables / queries la nguon d lieu cua query can tao. Lan lt chon ten table hay query tham gia, cac tables a chon se hien len khung li.

Hnh III.10 Chon e cho hien ra cac Tables tren man hnhtao Query Trong khung li QBE Lan lt chon ten cac field (can the hien query) tren tng cot hang Field trong khung li, Khai bao ten table cha field o hang Table

Trang 221

TLGD TIN HOC QUAN LY

Trong bang ket qua cua query muon hien ra d lieu th anh dau check x vao o Show Muon sap xep th t cho d lieu tren vung nao th chon kieu sap xep tren hang Sort, tang (Ascending) hay giam (Descending). Criteria muon han che d lieu bang ket qua theo mau tin, go vao ieu kien tai vung co d lieu tham gia trong bieu thc ieu kien han che . vd : ch hien thong tin ban hang trong nam 2003 th tai cot co cha field Sale Date, tren hang Criteria go vao bieu thc han che, gia s ch cho hien ra thong tin ve hoat ong ban hang trong nam 2003, con nhng nam khac khong hien ra. Neu ieu kien han che tren nhieu vung va thuoc ieu kien Va th phan ieu kien c khai bao tren cung hang Criteria Muc Or : neu han che tren nhieu vung va thuoc ieu kien Hoac la th phan ieu kien o c khai bao hang Or.

c.Cach 3 : Tao Select Query bang cau lenh SQL

(Structure Query Language).
Chon View/SQL

Hoac chon menu

Hnh III.11 Chon menu evao man hnh SQL Lu y : Khi a tao query bang mot trong cac cach tren, ta co the luan chuyen gia cac khung the hien cua query bang cach chon bieu tng View /Design view che o thiet ke query tren khung li QBE;

Trang 222

NTH

PHAN ACCESS NG DUNG trong Quan ly D lieu

View /SQL view query hien di dang cac cau lenh SQL; View /Datasheet view hien bang ket qua cua query. II.1.2. Select Query e ket nhom so lieu (co GROUP BY)

Hnh III.12 Select query co ket nhom so lieu V du : In ra danh sach nhng loai hang e biet c tong so lng ban c la bao nhieu (trong ng dung Quan ly ban hang). Thc hien : Cach 1 : bang Design View B1 : Trong man hnh DataBase (Container), chon ngan Query, chon nut New. B2 : Trong man hnh New Query chon Design View OK B3 : Trong ca so Show Table chon table CTDONDH , chon Add, chon table DMHH, Add. B4: Trong ca so Select Query - Drag 2 fields MAHH, SOLUONG table CTDODH xuong khung li; va drag 2 fields TENHH, DVT xuong khung li

Trang 223

TLGD TIN HOC QUAN LY

- Chon bieu tng Total tren thanh cong cu e co dong Total tren khung li - Tren cac cot MAHH, TEHH, DVT dong Total chon Group By. Tren cot SOLUONG, dong Total chon Sum e cong so lng hang hoa ban c thuoc moi loai hang.
Total

Hnh III.13 Query ket nhom so lieu man hnh QBE Cach 2 : SQL Vao Menu : Query / SQL Specific / Data Definition go cac lenh Sql vao SELECT CTDONDH.MAHH, DMHH.TENHH, Sum(CTDONDH.SOLUONG) AS Solng, DMHH.DVT FROM DMHH INNER JOIN CTDONDH ON DMHH.MAHH = CTDONDH.MAHH GROUP BY CTDONDH.MAHH, DMHH.TENHH, DMHH.DVT; Lu y : Khi tao query ket nhom ta can at cot group d lieu ng au cac cot cua lenh Select. Th t cac cot c ch nh trong menh e Select cua Query phai nh th t cac cot ch nh trong menh e Group by. Chon View / DataSheet View e xem ket qua.

Trang 224

NTH

PHAN ACCESS NG DUNG trong Quan ly D lieu

HnhIII.14 Ket qua cua Query ket nhom so lieu Lu y : Cach a bieu thc vao ieu kien trong truy van : Tren dong Criteria ben di cua cot tham gia vao ieu kien, v du nh cot MALOAI vao ieu kien BD, hay cot NGAYDH vao bieu thc <#1/1/1999# Dau bao cho hang chuoi la , bao cho hang kieu d lieu ngay la # #, bao cho mot bien [ ], trong trng hp bien nay cha c khai bao th no se c hieu la mot tham so can a vao trong khi chay query e tham gia vao ieu kien Cac bieu thc at tren cung mot hang c hieu la lien ket vi nhau bang toan t AND , con khac hang th la toan t OR a so bieu thc ieu kien thng dai, nen ta phai vao bo xay dng bieu thc e nhap vao bieu thc. Ta thc hien nh sau : Trong man hnh thiet ke query, at con tro chuot tai v tr muon xay dng ieu kien tren dong criteria Bam vao nut tren thanh cong cu e hien ra hop thoai, trong hop thoai nay ta co the chon s dung cac ham cua Access va cac toan t, sau khi nhap xong bieu thc, chon OK, bieu thc se nhap vao khung li cua query

Trang 225

TLGD TIN HOC QUAN LY

Hnh III.13 S dung hop thoai Expression Builder e nhap bieu thc Cach tao cot cha bieu thc : Trong thc te nhieu khi trong bang in ra co cot la ket qua cua phep tnh gia nhng vung trong cac table d lieu. Trong trng hp nay ta phai tao ra cot co cha phep toan ngay trong Query ang thc hien. Ta thc hien Chon mot cot trong tren li QBE, go bieu thc vao, neu bieu thc co tham chieu en cac vung khac trong QBE th phai bao am ung ten va e trong cap au ngoac [ ] . V du : ta tao cot tnh TRIGIA:[SOLUONG]*[DONGIA]

Hnh III.14 Tao cot TRIGIA cha bieu thc

Trang 226

NTH

PHAN ACCESS NG DUNG trong Quan ly D lieu

Hnh III.15

Ket qua Query co tao cot cha bieu thc

II.2. CrossTab Query : (Lap Bang tham chieu cheo) V du : Lap bang tong ket va phan tch so lng hang ton kho theo tng nha cung cap, trong o moi mat hang cu the so lng trong kho con bao nhieu, ket qua nh bang sau :

HnhnIII.17 V du ve ket qua cua query CrossTab e co c ket qua nh tren ta dung chc nang CrossTab query e thc hien. Co the dung cac cach nh vi loai Select query. II.2.1. Cach 1 : Query Wizard Trong ca so Database, nhap Query trong Object roi chon New tren thanh cong cu ca so Database. Trong hop thoai New query chon, CrossTab Query Wizard, OK Trong ca so Crosstab Query Wizard, chon ten cua nguon d lieu (la ten table hay ten query) cung cap cho query ang tao, nhan Next

Trang 227

TLGD TIN HOC QUAN LY

Hnh III.18 Khai bao ten table hay query la nguon d lieu Khai bao field lam tieu e dong : Trong hop Available Fields chon ten Field, click vao dau > , field nay se chuyen sang hop Selected Fields. ay la field tieu e dong, neu co nhieu fields lam tieu e dong th ta lan lt chon giong nh vay (co the chon ti 3 fields) , chon Next (Vd : Supplier ID)

Hnh III.19 Khai bao field lam tieu e dong Khai bao field lam tieu e cot : Click vao ten field (vd :Product ID), nhan Next.

Trang 228

NTH

PHAN ACCESS NG DUNG trong Quan ly D lieu

Honh III.20 Khai bao field lam tieu e cot Tai cac dong va cac cot se co gia tr tnh toan cua yeu to nao, ta khai bao muc ten cua Field can tnh (vd : UnitInStock), trong hop Functions chon ham tnh toan (vd : Sum), nhan Next.

Hnh III.21 Khai bao field va chon ham tnh toan

Trang 229

TLGD TIN HOC QUAN LY

May cho ta khai bao ten cua query, go ten can at cho Query . Co the chon xem ket qua cua Query ngay th chon View the Query hoac chuyen sang man hnh chnh sa QBE Modify Design

Hnh III.22 at ten query II.2.2 Cach 2 : Tren khung li QBE B1 : Chon Query trong ca so DataBase , Chon New B2 : Chon Design View, OK B3 : Trong ca so Show Table, chon cac table hay query tham gia B4 : Tren thanh cong cu nhap cong cu Query Type, chon CrossTab Query B5 : Bo sung cac vung vao Grid (li) (Lu y cac vung nay phai la cac vung thch hp khi a vao viec phan tch hay tong hp so lieu) B6 : oi vi vung hoac cac vung co gia tr ta muon lam tieu e hang, hay nhap trong (li) CrossTab : chon Row Heading.(vd :MaPB) Trong hang Total cua vung nay phai chon Group By. B7 : oi vi vung co cac gia tr ta muon xuat hien lam tieu e cot, chon Column Heading trong hang CrossTab, (vd : Masp) Trong hang Total cua vung nay chon Group By.

Trang 230

NTH

PHAN ACCESS NG DUNG trong Quan ly D lieu

(Ch co duy nhat 1 vung co the chon lam Column Heading) B8 : oi vi cac vung ta muon s dung trong Cross-tabulation, chon value CroosTab hang (vd : trong Bang ket qua, tai v tr o giao gia cot Masp va hang Manhacc th se cha gia tr (Value), gia tr nay co c nh ham hoi qui chon bc sau. (vd : Trong li, vung SlgTon se chon CrossTab la value) (Ch co 1 vung c cai at Value) Trong hang Total danh cho vung nay, chon ham hoi qui e tnh cho cac gia tr Value (vd ham : Sum, Avg, Count), (vd : Trong vung SlgTon ham hoi qui cot SlgTon, chon Sum) B9 : e ch nh tieu chuan nham gii han tieu e Hang trc khi thc hien phep tnh , nhap bieu thc ieu kien trong hang Criteria danh cho vung vi Row Heading trong CrossTab e ch nh tieu chuan nham gii han cac Record trc khi cac tieu e hang c ket nhom va cac CrossTab thc hien, bo sung vung muon cai tieu chuan. Nhap Where trong Total(khong hien trong bang ket qua), e trong CrossTab, nhap bieu thc ieu kien trong Criteria (vd : them cot SlgTon, ieu kien la SlgTon <=20, bang ket qua se ch hien nhng san pham so lng ton t 20 tr xuong e co ke hoach nhap them hang.

Hnh III.23 Ch nh tieu chuan gii han d lieu Chon DataSheet View xem ket qua
Trang 231

TLGD TIN HOC QUAN LY

V du : Tao bang Tong hp phan tch hang hoa trong ca hang, nhn vao bang tong hp ta biet c loai hang nao thuoc nha san xuat nao la c ngi s dung a chuong nhat

HnhIII.24 Query Tong hp phan tch che o Design View (QBE)

HnhIII.25 Query Tong hp phan tch che o SQL View

Hnh III.25 Ket qua cua CrossTab query II.2.3. Cach 3 : SQL Chon bieu tng View/ Sql View vao man hnh cho phep soan thao noi dung cau lenh Sql, neu ta ang ng Design View cua query mi tao ma chuyen sang Sql th se hien no dung cua cau Sql nh trong hnh Neu tao mi hoan toan th tai man hnh nay ta thc hiec soan thao noi dung cau lenh
Trang 232
NTH

PHAN ACCESS NG DUNG trong Quan ly D lieu

Hnh III.26 Tao Crosstab Query che o Sql View II.3. Update Query : Thay oi mot loat hay mot nhom d lieu cua cac mau tin theo ieu kien nao o Thc hien : B1: Trong ngan Query chon nut New B2 : Trong hop thoai New Query, chon Design View, OK B3 : Trong hop thoai Show Tables, chon ten table hay query lam nguon d lieu, Add, Close B4 : Trong man hnh thiet ke query chon Menu Query hay Bieu tng Query Type / Update Query, xuat hien dong Update to trong man hnh thiet ke (khong co dong Sort, dong Show) Run Query Type
Show Table

Hnh III.27 Cac cong cu e thiet ke Query Tren dong Fields, chon ten cac Field tham gia chnh sa (hoac Drag)

Trang 233

TLGD TIN HOC QUAN LY

Tren dong Criteria : go ieu kien e chon cac dong chnh sa Tren dong Update to, go cac yeu cau chnh sa tng ng vi tng field (cac bieu thc tnh gia tr mi)

Hnh III.28 Thiet ke query Update so lieu B5 : Chay Query, bang cach ng trong man hnh thiet ke, chon bieu tng Run tren Tool bar , man hnh se hien cau hoi Ban co muon chnh sa 2 records ? Neu ong y chnh sa so dong nh trong thong bao th chon Yes, (Neu a nhan Yes, th khong the lay lai c d lieu trc khi co s thay oi) Hnh III.29 Thong bao khi chay Query Update so lieu B6 :ong man hnh query lai va m Table CTDONDH th ta thay co hai dong mat hang la B006 co MALOAI la BD, co n gia t 20000 c sa thanh 30000

Trang 234

NTH

PHAN ACCESS NG DUNG trong Quan ly D lieu

Sa thanh 30000

Hnh III.30 Ket qua d lieu a c Update trong table d lieu Cau lenh Sql : UPDATE DMHH INNER JOIN CTDONDH ON DMHH.MAHH = CTDONDH.MAHH SET CTDONDH.DONGIA = [DONGIA]*1.5 WHERE (((DMHH.MALOAI)="BD")); Mot so v du ve cac bieu thc trong Update Query : Bieu thc MI #08/09/2003# Yes Loai & [TENHH [Dongia]*[Soluong] [Cuocphi]*1.05 Right([TenMH],4) Mid([TenMH],2,3) Tg t cho ham Left Bang III. V du ve mot so bieu thc dung trong Update Query
Trang 235

Ket qua Thay oi ma hang thanh MI oi thanh 08/09/2003 oi thanh Yes Them chuoi Loai vao au moi ten hang hoa Tnh tch cua Dongia va Soluong tang cc ph len 5 % cat bo cac ky t ben trai ch gi lai 4 k t cat bo t v tr 2, lay 3 ky t

TLGD TIN HOC QUAN LY

II.4. Append Query : Query nay cho phep noi tiep nhng Record thoa ieu kien t mot table vao table (hay query) ch nh Thc hien : B1 : V query nay lam viec tren hai oi tng, mot la nguon va mot la ich, nen trc khi thc hien query ta phai xac nh trc nguon la table hay query nao va phai chuan b san oi tng la ch. oi tng ch co the la table hay query trong cung hoac khac c s d lieu hien hanh, va co cau truc cac vung can noi giong nh nguon. B2 : Cac bc au giong nh mot simple Select query B3 : Trong man hnh thiet ke, chon bieu tng Query Type / Append query, hien hop thoai Append (Khong xoa d lieu cu ben bang ch nh)

Hnh III.31 Khai bao ten table ch Khai bao ten table ch muc Table Name Chon Current Database, neu table ch cung trong c s d lieu hien hanh, hoac chon Another Database neu ch nam c s d lieu khac, Khai bao ten file c s d lieu, neu la khac. Trong v du nay ta chon Another Database va khai bao File Name : QL_BH (ten cua c s d lieu cha table ch) OK , sau o lu query lai

Trang 236

NTH

PHAN ACCESS NG DUNG trong Quan ly D lieu

Hnh III.32 Chay query, khai bao tham so Chay Query bang cach chon bieu tng Run, khai bao tham so T ngay nao - en ngay nao. Gia s ta go vao Tu ngay :1/1/1999 ; Den ngay : 1/1/2000, OK; sau o ong man hnh thiet ke lai va m table ch (DonDH) ra xem th co ket qua nh trong bang. Hnh III.33 Ket qua table sau khi Append Ta thay cot NGAYDH va NGAYGH khong co d lieu v trong query ta khong khai bao them 2 cot nay dong Append To, ta chnh lai nh sau

Hnh III.33 Man hnh thiet ke Append Query Cau lenh Sql : INSERT INTO DONDATHANG ( SOHD, NGAYDH, NGAYGH ) SELECT DONDH.SOHD, DONDH.NGAYDH, DONDH.NGAYGH FROM DONDH WHERE (((DONDH.NGAYDH) Between [Tu ngay : ] And [Den ngay :])); II.5. Delete Query : (Xoa so lieu ) Query nay cho phep ta xoa bo nhng dong d lieu khong can thiet.
Trang 237

TLGD TIN HOC QUAN LY

Thc hien : B1 : Thc hien cac bc au nh tao mot simple Select query B2 : Trong man hnh thiet ke thc hien : Chon bieu tng Query Type / Delete query Trong khung li keo vung can ghi ieu kien e xoa, tren dong Delete xuat hien t Where, tai dong Criteria nhap vao ieu kien e xoa Lu query lai Chon bieu tng Run , sau o ong man hnh query lai, vao xem noi dung cua table b xoa ta thay cac mau tin co gia tr vung SOHD Vd la 012 a b xoa khoi table. II.5. Make Query : Cho phep tao mi table, d lieu co the lay t table / query nguon Thc hien : B1 : Thc hien cac bc tao query simple select query B2 : Trong hop thoai Show tables chon cho hien ra table d lieu nguon B3 : Chon bieu tng Query Type / Make table query, xuat hien hop thoai Make Table Khai bao ten table can tao Table name Chon c s d lieu : hien hanh (Curent) hay c s d lieu khac (Another) Khai bao ten table d lieu can tao, OK Hnh III.34 Query Delete

Hnh III.35 Khai bao ten table d lieu can tao

Trang 238

NTH

PHAN ACCESS NG DUNG trong Quan ly D lieu

Trong man hnh khung li khai bao cac vung can tao trong table mi, Drag t table DMHH xuong khung li. Tai dong Criteria Nhap vao ieu kien e loc lay d lieu sang table mi, SOLUONGHT<=30

Hnh III.36 Man hnh query tao table Lu query lai, Chon bieu tng Run e chay query, hien man hnh , ta thay table mi ch co 3 mau tin.

Hnh III.37 Ket qua cua table mi tao Cau lenh Sql : SELECT DMHH.MAHH, DMHH.TENHH, DMHH.DVT, DMHH.SOLUONGHT INTO DMHgHoa FROM DMHH WHERE (((DMHH.SOLUONGHT)<=30));

Trang 239

TLGD TIN HOC QUAN LY

II.7. Find Duplicate : Query nay la loai Select query, cho phep tm ra nhng mau tin giong nhau tren mot cot nao o V du : Liet ke nhng hoa n lap cung ngay Thc hien : B1 : Chon Query, New B2 : Trong man hnh New query chon Find Duplicate Query Wizard , chon OK

Hnh III.38 Chon tao query tm kiem mau tin giong nhau B3: Chon ten table hay query la nguon d lieu, ay v du ta chon DONDH, Next

Hnh III.39 Chon ten table

Trang 240

NTH

PHAN ACCESS NG DUNG trong Quan ly D lieu

B4 : Chon mot hoac nhieu fields co the cha thong tin trung, ta chon field NGAYDH, chon nut > , roi chon Next qua bc tiep

Hnh III.40 Chon field e tm d lieu trung tren field o B5 : Chon nhng fields hien ra cung vi field co d lieu trung tren bang ket qua, ta click vao nut >> e chon het cac field, chon nut Next

Hnh III.41 Chon nhng fields hien ra tren ket qua cua query B6 : at ten cho query

Trang 241

TLGD TIN HOC QUAN LY

Man hnh ket qua se hien ra, ta thay danh sach cac mau tin trung so lieu tai vung Ngay at hang. Ta thay co 2 n at hang so hoa n 002 va 011 eu at hang vao ngay 2/1/1999, 2 n at hang so 467 va 009 ath hang vao ngay 12/3/2000,

Hnh III.42 Ket qua Query tm mau tin trung Man hnh Design query : Trong dong ieu kien Criteria ta thay ieu kien e tm ra cac mau tin trung

Hnh III.43 Man hnh Query tm so lieu trung Cau lenh Sql : Cau lenh co ngha chon ra cac n at hang co NGAYDH thuoc ve tap hp cac n at hang ma cac n DH nay co so dong trung d lieu tren field NGAYDH >1 SELECT DONDH.NGAYDH, DONDH.SOHD, DONDH.NGAYGH, DONDH.HOTENKH, DONDH.DIACHI, DONDH.THUESUAT FROM DONDH

Trang 242

NTH

PHAN ACCESS NG DUNG trong Quan ly D lieu

WHERE (((DONDH.NGAYDH) In (SELECT [NGAYDH] FROM [DONDH] As Tmp GROUP BY [NGAYDH] HAVING Count(*)>1 ))) ORDER BY DONDH.NGAYDH; II.8. Find Unmatched Query : Tm nhng mau tin co trong table nay ma khong trong table khac V du : Tm nhng mau tin trong CTDONDH khong co trong DONDH, nh vay ta se tm tren vung SOHD Thc hien : B1 : Chon Query, New B2 : Trong hop thoai New query chon Find Unmatched Query Wizard B3: Chon ten Table hay Query cha cac mau tin hien trong query ket qua, ta chon CTDONBDH, Next.

Hnh III.44 Chon ten table chnh B4 : Chon table hay query cha cac fiedl co lien he , ta chon DONDH, Next

Trang 243

TLGD TIN HOC QUAN LY

Hnh III.45 Chon ten table co d lieu can so khp B5 : Chon mau tin so khp gia hai table, roi nhan nut <=>, ta chon field SOHD, chon Next.

Hnh III.46 Chon field so khp gia hai tables B6 : Chon ten cac vung cho hien bang ket qua, ta chon SOHD, MHH, SOLUONG, DONGIA

Hnh III.47 Chon ten cac vung cho hien ra ket qua

Trang 244

NTH

PHAN ACCESS NG DUNG trong Quan ly D lieu

B8 : at ten cho query, chon Finish Man hnh ket qua : khong co mau tin nao khac nhau tren vung SOHD

Hnh III.48 Ket qua Query Man hnh thiet ke :

Hnh III49 Man hnh thiet ke Query tm so lieu khong khp Cau lenh Sql : SELECT CTDONDH.SOHD, CTDONDH.MAHH, CTDONDH.SOLUONG, CTDONDH.DONGIA FROM CTDONDH LEFT JOIN DONDH ON CTDONDH.SOHD = DONDH.SOHD WHERE (((DONDH.SOHD) Is Null));

Trang 245

TLGD TIN HOC QUAN LY

BAI TAP
1. 2. Tao mot query e in ra danh sach nhan vien co nam sinh t 1980 tr ve trc, d lieu in ra gom tat ca cac vung co trong table Nhanvien. Tao query in ra mot danh sach cac khach hang co giao dch at hang trong thang tuy y, d lieu in ra gom ma khach hang, ho ten khach hang, ngay at hang, so lng hang at. (Gi y : Thang la tham so e khi chay query ngi s dung se go vao thang muon chon, dung ham Month(NgayDH)) . Tao query in ra danh sach nhng khach hang co so lan giao dch at hang t 3 lan tr len. (Gi y : tao query ket nhom so lieu,va dung ham Count) Tao Query e tang lng (tang them vi so lng tuy y) cho nhng nhan vien co tham nien t 20 nam tr len. Tao query Tong hp Phan tch hang hoa theo loai hang Tao query e chuyen cac nhan vien en tuoi ve hu vao table NVHuu Tao query e chuyen chng t at hang cua tng nam vao cac table DonDH_00, DonDH_01, DonDH_02, Tao query cho biet dang sach nhng trng hp : mot nhan vien thc hien cong tac at hang cho khach hang vi cung mot mon hang. (Cho hien ra ca ngay thang at hang) Tao Query cho biet hang hoa nao khong c nhap vao va cung khong c ban ra trong mot khoang thi gian nao o (Gi y : So khp gia DonDH va PhieuNH)

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

9.

10. Tao query tnh lng e tnh lng cho nhan vien trong thang. Lng nhan vien gom hai khoan : Lng theo so ngay cong = Mucluong /26 * so ngay cong Lng theo hoa hong san pham ban c : = Tr gia san pham * hoa hong san pham Lu y : Vi thc te cua cong ty co nhng nhan vien khong tham gia ban hang ma ch la nhan vien van phong

Trang 246

NTH