Sylloge nummorum graecorum 1

SYLLOGE

Alejandro G. Sinner – Marta Campo

NUMMORUM GRAECORUM
Italia

SYLLOGE NUMMORUM GRAECORUM  Italia

FIRENZE
National Archaeological Museum

I, 1, Hispania
Alejandro G. Sinner – Marta Campo

Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali

Polo Museale della Toscana
London Ancient Coins Ltd
 SYLLOGE
NUMMORUM GRAECORUM
Italia

FIRENZE
National Archaeological Museum

I, 1, Hispania
Alejandro G. Sinner – Marta Campo

Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali

Polo Museale della Toscana
London Ancient Coins Ltd
MINISTERO PER I BENI E LE ATTIVITÀ CULTURALI
Polo Museale della Toscana
Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Firenze
Comitato scientifico: Stefano Casciu, Mario Iozzo, Fiorenzo Catalli
Direzione scientifica: Fiorenzo Catalli

SYLLOGE NUMMORUM GRAECORUM- ITALIA

Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Firenze

- I, 2, Gallia, in corso di stampa

- II, Etruria, Pontedera (PI) 2007
- III, Umbria-Bruttium, 2019
- IV,1 Sicilia, Bari 2018
- IV, 2 Monetazione Cartaginese, Pontedera (PI), 2016
- V, Tracia-Creta, in corso di catalogazione
- VI, Asia, in corso di catalogazione
- VII, Syria-Mauretania, in corso di catalogazione

Si ringrazia, per la fattiva collaborazione, il personale del Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Firenze, in particolare Miriana
Ciacci, Maricarmen Pepe, Sebastiano Soldi, Margherita Viola; il personale della Soprintendenza Archeologica della Toscana, in
particolare Elisabetta Mari, Barbara Lunghi; i collaboratori esterni Stefano Bani, Stefano Conti, Antonio De Nicola, Franco Luzzi
e Renato Villoresi.
Le foto sono state eseguite da Alejandro G. Sinner
Design e layout: MHÀ, studio grafico_Solsona

© Polo Museale della Toscana

Via della Pergola, 65, 50121, Firenze

ISBN: 978-0-9575784-8-7

Stampato nel 2020 con la sponsorizzazione di LAC (London Ancient Coins Ldt)
 Presentazioni

Prosegue con successo la serie dei cataloghi della Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum dedicati
alle straordinarie raccolte del Monetiere del Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Firenze, il
cui studio è in corso da anni con il coordinamento di Fiorenzo Catalli.

Per il nuovo volume, edito in lingua inglese e dedicato al territorio della Hispania, ci si è
avvalsi della collaborazione di Marta Campo, Presidenta de la Sociedad Iberoamericana de
Estudios Numismáticos (SIAEN) e di Alejandro G. Sinner, Assistant Professor in Roman Art
and Archaeology (University of Victoria). I due specialisti hanno studiato e catalogato un
nucleo costituito da ben 762 monete di provenienza iberica, tutte sostanzialmente inedite
tranne un lotto –corrispondente all’incirca al 10% del totale– che era già stato oggetto di
una pubblicazione, nel 1986, curata da Luigi Tondo e con il catalogo di Pere Pau Ripollès.

Il volume, i cui costi di stampa sono stati sostenuti dalla London Ancient Coins Ldt presenta
l’edizione completa delle monete della penisola iberica, dalle serie greche a quelle fenicio
puniche, da quelle iberiche fino alla produzione monetaria coloniale delle città romane
nel I secolo d.C. Un consistente complesso di testimonianze, dunque, che offre molteplici
informazioni e documenta quattro secoli di storia della penisola iberica, registrando città
non altrimenti note dalle fonti antiche o non ancora identificate sul piano archeologico
e tramandando nomi di magistrati, di duoviri e di colonie romane che aggiungono dati
preziosi alla conoscenza dell’amministrazione della provincia romana.

Il precoce interesse della famiglia Medici nei confronti di tali serie monetali è ben
documentato dall’incarico affidato da Cosimo III al teologo, antiquario e storico agostiniano
Enrico Noris, docente di teologia a Pesaro, Perugia e Padova e di storia ecclesiastica
nell’università di Pisa, poi Cardinale, di studiare tutta la collezione numismatica proprio
a partire dalle emissioni iberiche; e non è escluso che tale interesse abbia nel tempo
condotto a incrementare il nucleo iberico a “completamento” di quella collezione la cui
ampiezza, varietà e qualità il Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Firenze cerca di dimostrare
oggi proprio con questo articolato programma di edizioni.

Mario Iozzo Stefano Casciu

Direttore del Museo Archeologico Direttore del Polo Museale Regionale
Nazionale di Firenze della Toscana
La London Ancient Coins è ben lieta di contribuire alla stampa di questo
volume che raccoglie la produzione monetaria delle zecche di Hispania sia in
età greca che in età romana.

Il lavoro egregiamente condotto da due noti studiosi del settore, si inserisce in

quella serie di cataloghi promossa, a partire dal 2007, con grande entusiasmo
dai responsabili dell’allora Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici della
Toscana ed oggi proseguita con pari partecipazione da quelli del Polo
Museale della Toscana e del Museo Archeologico Nazionale, che del Polo è
parte integrante. Assieme a loro un attivo gruppo di volontari coordinati dalle
Direzioni che si sono succedute. Il risultato visibile è in un progetto di edizioni
che sta facendo conoscere al pubblico degli specialisti, ma anche ai semplici
curiosi ed appassionati della moneta, una collezione numismatica che affonda
le sue origini nella collezione di Lorenzo il Magnifico, ampliata per qualità e
quantità dalla famiglia dei Medici fino ai Lorena e, poi, allo Stato Italiano.

Ancora una volta è dimostrato come sia possibile attraverso una stretta
collaborazione tra il pubblico detentore del bene e il privato, nel pieno
rispetto delle reciproche competenze, la tutela e la valorizzazione del nostro
patrimonio culturale, in questo caso specificatamente numismatico.

London Ancient Coins Ltd

To Cassia, Rafael and Anna
8 Hispania
 Contents

3 Presentazioni

13 The collection of Hispanic Coins in the Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Firenze

The formation of the collection before Pelli’s 1787 catalogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
The Migliarini catalogue of c. 1850 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
The collection today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

23 Catalogue
Common abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Earlier catalogues of the coins cited in this volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Abbreviations of works frequently cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

25 Greek coinages
EMPORION (Ampurias, La Escala, Gerona) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

27 Phoenician-Punic coinages
GADIR/GADES (Cádiz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
MALAKA (Málaga) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
SEKS (Almuñécar, Granada) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
ABDERA (Adra, Almería) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
BAILO (Bolonia, Cádiz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
ITUCI (Tejada la Nueva, Huelva) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
OLONTIGI (Aznalcázar, Sevilla) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
UNCERTAIN MINT OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
EBUSUS (Ibiza, Balearic Islands) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

45 Ulterior: coinages with Latin legends

MURTILIS (Mértola, Portugal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
ONUBA (Huelva province, or El Carpio, Córdoba) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
CUNBARIA (Between Lebrija and Las Cabezas, Sevilla) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
NABRISSA (Lebrija, Sevilla) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
CARISSA (Between Bornos and Espera, Cádiz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
CALLET (Near El Coronil, Sevilla) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
OSSET (San Juan de Aznalfarache?, Sevilla) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
LASTIGI (Aznalcóllar, Sevilla) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
ILSE (Gerena?, Sevilla) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
ILIPA (Alcalá del Río, Sevilla) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
CARMO (Carmona, Sevilla) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
URSO (Osuna, Sevilla) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
VENTIPO (Casariche, Sevilla) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
ULIA (Montemayor, Córdoba) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
CARBULA (Almodóvar del Río, Córdoba) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

59 Ulterior: coinages with Iberian legends

KASTILO/CASTULO (Cazlona, Linares, Jaén) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
OBULCO (Porcuna, Jaén) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
10 Hispania

67 Citerior: coinages with Iberian legends

CUENCA PROVINCE AND EDETANIAN AREA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
IKALESKEN (Iniesta, Cuenca) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
SAITABI (Játiva,Valencia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
ARSE - SAGUNTUM (Sagunto, Valencia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
CATALONIA. KESSETANIAN, LAIETANIAN, AUSETANIAN AND INDIKETANIAN AREAS . . . . . . . . . 70
KESE (Tarragona) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
LAURO (Cànoves i Samalús?, Barcelona) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
EUSTIBAIKULA - EUSTI (Uncertain location, Barcelona province) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
UNTIKESKEN (Ampurias, La Escala, Gerona) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
LOWER EBRO AREA. SEDETANIAN AREA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
KELSE (Velilla del Ebro, Zaragoza) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
LAKINE (La Corona, Fuentes de Ebro, Zaragoza) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
SALTUIE (Zaragoza) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
UPPER ARAGON AND NAVARRE. SUESSETANIAN AND VASCONIAN AREAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
BOLSKAN (Huesca) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
SEKIA (Ejea de los Caballeros, Zaragoza) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
BARSKUNES (Navarre) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
ARSAOS (Uncertain location, Navarre?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
ONTIKES (Unknown location. Upper Aragon or Navarre) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
JALON - JILOCA AREA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
BILBILIS (Valdeherrera, Calatayud, Zaragoza) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
SEKAISA (Belmonte de Gracián, Zaragoza) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
BELAISKOM (Unknown location, Zaragoza province) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
KONTERBIA BELAISKA (Cabezo de las Minas, Botorrita, Zaragoza) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
BELIKIOM (Azuara?, Zaragoza) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
CELTIBERIAN AREA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
OILAUNES (Unknown location, La Rioja) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
TITIAKOS (Villar de Bobadilla?, Tricio, La Rioja) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
EKUALAKOS (Unknown location, Upper Duero?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
UIROUIAS (Briviesca?, Burgos) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
SEKOBIRIKES (Duero and Pisuerga Area?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
USAMUS (between Osma and Burgo de Osma, Soria) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
IKESANKOM (Alcalá de Henares, Madrid) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
ERKAUIKA (Muela de Alcocer?, Alcocer, Guadalajara) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
KONTERBIA KARBIKA (Huete, Cuenca) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
TANUSIA (Villasviejas del Tamuja, Cáceres) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

91 Roman cities of the Iberian peninsula

NORTHWEST, UNCERTAIN MINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
LUSITANIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
EMERITA (Mérida, Badajoz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
EBORA (Évora, Portugal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
BAETICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
IRIPPO (province of Sevilla) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
OSSET (San Juan de Aznalfarache?, Sevilla) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
ITALICA (Santiponce, Sevilla) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
ROMULA (Sevilla) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
IULIA TRADUCTA (Uncertain location, near Tarifa?, Cádiz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
CARTEIA (San Roque, Cádiz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
COLONIA PATRICIA (Córdoba) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
TARRACONENSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
ACCI (Guadix, Granada) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
CARTHAGO NOVA (Cartagena, Murcia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
 Sylloge nummorum graecorum 11

ILICI (La Alcudia, Elche, Alicante) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

SAGUNTUM (Sagunto, Valencia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
TARRACO (Tarragona) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
EMPORIAE (Ampurias, La Escala, Gerona) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
ILERDA (Lérida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
LEPIDA - CELSA (Velilla de Ebro, Zaragoza) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
OSCA (Huesca) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
CAESARAUGUSTA (Zaragoza) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
BILBILIS (Cerro de Bámbola, Calatayud, Zaragoza) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
TURIASO (Tarazona, Zaragoza) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
CASCANTUM (Cascante, Navarre) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
GRACCURRIS (Eras de San Martín, Alfaro, La Rioja) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
CALAGURRIS (Calahorra, La Rioja) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
CLUNIA (Peñalba de Castro, Burgos) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
ERCAVICA (Castro de Santaver, Cuenca) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
SEGOBRIGA (Cabeza de Griego, Saelices, Cuenca) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
EBUSUS (Ibiza, Balearic Islands) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

177 Indices

188 Bibliography
12 Hispania
 Sylloge nummorum graecorum 13

The collection of Hispanic Coins in the

Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Firenze

Alejandro G. Sinner and Marta Campo

The formation of the collection before Pelli’s 1787 catalogue

A substantial part of the rich coin collection of the Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Firenze derives
from the collections of antiquities assembled by the Medici family from the 15th century onwards
(Catalli 2007). The first scholarly study of the origin of, and first references to, the Hispanic coins in the
Medici Coin Collection (the “Medagliere Mediceo”) was by Luigi Tondo in 1986, on the occasion of the
publication of a catalogue, by Pere Pau Ripollès, of eighty Hispanic coins from the museum collection.
This showed that in spring 1681 Cosimo III de’ Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (Florence, 1642-1723),
ordered the theologian Enrico Noris to prepare a catalogue of the considerable number of Hispanic
coins in his possession. In 1668 and 1669, Cosimo had undertaken a long trip around Spain and Portugal
(Magalotti 1933), during which he had acquired 13,292 coins, which he then brought back with him to
Florence (Domínguez-Ferro 2008).

Enrico Noris (Verona 1631 - Rome 1704) was a respected theologian and professor who studied the
thought of St Augustine, later being named cardinal. In addition, this learned scholar was interested
in ancient numismatics and had a wide knowledge of the coin issues with images of Gaius and Lucius
Caesar, because he had a particular interest as a historian in studying these two figures. Noris used
solid arguments to attribute to the mint of Iulia Traducta coins that other Italian scholars placed in
Mauretania (Tondo 1986, p. 215). A few of these coins belonged to the Medici collection. Currently the
Coin Collection of the Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Firenze has six coins from Iulia Traducta, five of
which were already in the collection when Pelli finished his catalogue in 1787 (Pelli I, pp. 19-20, nos. 1-5).
Of these, one shows the head of Gaius and another the head of Lucius, the individuals in whom Noris
was interested (Pelli I, p. 19 no. 4 and p. 20 no. 5; SNG nos. 345-346).

Figure 1. Semises of Iulia Traducta with portrait-heads

of Gaius and Lucius Caesar (SNG nos. 346-345).
14 Hispania

Before Cosimo III commissioned Noris to study the Medici Coin Collection, it already had some “Iberian”
coins, which Noris had earlier consulted (Tondo 1986, p. 215). In a letter that Noris addressed to Count
Francesco Mezzabarba Birago (Pavia 1645 - Milan 1697), the theologian describes the existence “nelle
medaglie della vecchia Galleria” of two coins “delle colonie di Spagna”. The description of one of these
coins –Imp. Caesar Divi f. Augustus Cos. XII, caput eiusdem. Col. V.I. Cel. Taurus– shows that it was an
as minted in Augustus’ name by the Roman colony of Iulia Victrix Lepida-Celsa, still identifiable in the
museum’s collection (Migliarini no. 241; SNG no. 565). The other coin described by Noris –Ti. Caesar
Aug. Pontif. Aeternitati Augustae C.V.T.T.– refers to a coin issue from Tarraco, even though this mint never
used these obverse and reverse legends together on the same coin.

Figure 2. As of Augustus from Colonia Iulia Victrix Lepida-Celsa (SNG no. 565).

At the same time that Noris was commissioned to study the Hispanic coins in the Medici Coin Collection,
Francesco Mezzabarba was preparing a new revised and updated edition of the book on Roman Imperial
coins that Occone had published a century before. Noris was generously collaborating with Mezzabarba,
providing him with descriptions of all the Hispanic types that he had seen in the Medici Coin Collection
(Mediobarbi 1683). Most of the types described can be identified in the later catalogues of Pelli and
Migliarini, and are still to be found in the coin collection of the Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Firenze.

In 1775, Pietro Leopoldo of Habsburg-Lorraine (Vienna 1747-1792), Grand Duke of Tuscany, commissioned
Giuseppe Pelli Bencivenni (Florence 1729-1808) and Luigi Lanzi (Montecchio 1732 - Florence 1810) to
reorder the collections of the Uffizi Gallery. Pelli was responsible for the classification of the Florence
Royal Coin Cabinet (the “Real Gabinetto di Firenze”), a catalogue that he finished in 1787. Pelli’s significant
work comprises nineteen manuscript volumes, in which he described 14,730 pieces. In Volume I of
the First Part, he catalogued the coins from Hispania. His excellent numismatic skills –he was also
the author of numerous contributions and dissertations on a variety of artistic and cultural topics–
are reflected in some of his essays and in the amplitude of his catalogue, as Benetti and Guidi have
emphasized (2007, pp. 15-18). In his history of the Uffizi Gallery, Pelli (1779) makes clear the importance
of the “Medagliere” and demonstrates his knowledge of the numismatic literature and of the work of
contemporary scholars who studied coins. One of Pelli’s remarkable essays, written in 1785, deals with
“numismatic agriculture”, where he demonstrated his extensive knowledge of “vegetal iconographies”.
In this essay, Pelli mentions a few Hispanic mints such as Obulco, Laelia and Iulia Traducta.

As Pelli explains in his Introduction to Volume I of the “Parte Prima” of the 1773 catalogue of the Florence
Royal Coin Cabinet, in 1773 –two years before he was put in charge of this catalogue– Raimondo
Cocchi, director of the Uffizi Gallery, undertook a reorganization of the Coin Collection. In doing so,
he had benefitted from collaboration with the Austrian Jesuit priest and numismatist Joseph H. Eckhel
(Enzersfeld 1737 - Vienna 1798), who moved to Florence and contributed to the reorganization of the
collection according to historical and geographical criteria. As a result, it was possible to differentiate
the coins produced by the Roman state in the Republican and Imperial periods from the coins produced
by free cities and colonies, which were catalogued according to geographical criteria. In accordance
with these new organizational principles, Pelli catalogued the coins of Hispania before those of Gaul
 Sylloge nummorum graecorum 15

and Italy. Pelli described each coin very accurately, ensuring that the collection was well organized
and avoiding any future confusion. One sentence in his Introduction declares his aim: “ho posto tutto
l’impegno nel descrivere le medaglie in forma che mai scambiar si possono”.

Pelli listed the coins “della Spagna” according to the Roman provinces of Hispania –Lusitania, Baetica
and Tarraconensis– and within these ordered the coins alphabetically by mint. He then listed those
coins that were difficult to identify and ascribe to a particular mint, and here he grouped most of the
coins with Punic and Iberian legends. Bearing in mind all the difficulties involved in the identification
of Hispanic coins until at least the end of the 18th century, Pelli’s work was path-breaking. It was in
fact only in the second half of the 19th century that significant advances were made improving our
understanding of the Hispanic issues, particularly by making possible the transcription of Punic and
Iberian coin legends.

Mistakes classifying coins from other territories as Hispanic are very few, and these seem in general to
derive from the available numismatic texts of the time, for instance, the works of Velázquez (1752) and
Flórez (1757-1773), on which we shall comment further below. As an example, Pelli (I, p. 58, no. 26 and
p. 21 no. 2; Migliarini nos. 22 and 359) considered as Hispanic two bronze coins from the north African
mint of Tingis with ears of grain on their reverse (Jenkins, SNG Cop. nos. 720-724 and 728-729), an image
also used by some mints in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. For example, Velázquez (1752, pl. XVIII-7)
had attributed to “Aspavia” a bronze coin similar to a coin that Pelli also attributed to this supposed
city in Baetica (I, p. 58, no. 26). Similarly, Pelli attributed to Dertosa a coin of the Colonia Iulia Augusta
Dumaeorum (Dyme in Achaea, on the north coast of the Peloponnese) (Pelli I, p. 39 no. 1; Migliarini no.
259) because Flórez (1757-1773, I, pp. 376-379, pl. 20 nos. 12-13) had interpreted the letters C.I.A.D. in the
legend as Colonia Iulia Augusta Dertosa, so attributing to Dertosa the status of a colony.

Figure 3. Bronze coins of the north African mint of Tingis mistakenly

attributed by Pelli and Migliarini to Hispania.

The Migliarini catalogue of c. 1850

The next catalogue of the Grand Duke’s Coin Collection (the “Medagliere Granducale”) was produced
by Michele Migliarini (Rome 1779 - Florence 1865), who was appointed Director of the Grand Duke’s
Collections of Antiquities (“Direttore delle Collezioni di antichità granducali”) in 1841. Migliarini –a
scholar with extensive knowledge of the history of art, archaeology and languages– was an excellent
“Conservator of Antiquities” (“Conservatore delle Antichità”), managing and classifying the collections
to a high standard. He drew up a very complete catalogue of the Coin Collection, with precise cross-
references to Pelli’s manuscript volumes. The catalogue of Hispanic coinage, which he completed in
about 1850, documents 371 specimens, mostly already catalogued by Pelli in 1787. His great care and
accuracy allows nearly all of the coins in the Coin Collection of the Museo Archeologico Nazionale
di Firenze to be identified, and confirms that nearly all of them had already been registered in Pelli’s
16 Hispania

1787 catalogue. The Migliarini catalogue is also a document of great interest from a historiographical
standpoint, showing the state of understanding of Hispanic coinage in Italy in the middle of the 19th
century. Through it, we can appreciate the continuing difficulty in identifying and locating some mints,
and in transcribing the Punic and Iberian legends.

Migliarini systematized the data regarding each coin in several columns. The first column indicated the
“Collocazione Antica” by reference to Pelli’s catalogue and the second column the “Nuova”. A further
two columns give the “Nº progressivo” and the diameter of each specimen. Unlike Pelli, who opted
for a separate numbering system for the issues of each mint, Migliarini preferred a single progressive
numbering. The next column provided a thorough description of the legend and types of each coin. The
last two columns indicated the metal, but only for gold –and there were no Hispanic gold coins– and
silver coins, in which case the weight was also indicated.

Figure 4. First pages of the catalogue of ancient Hispanic coins prepared by Migliarini around 1850.

Migliarini organized the catalogue very rationally, mostly following the ordering established by Pelli,
but introducing some further issues, by including coins with Punic legends and the majority of those
with Iberian legends. Like Pelli, the coins were organized by province –“Hispania Lusitanica”, “Hispania
Baetica” and “Hispania Tarraconensis”– with mints arranged alphabetically. Unlike Pelli, Migliarini tried
to include under each province all the issues of each mint present, irrespective of whether the legends
were in Greek, Punic, Iberian or Latin, following the attributions of the time. At the end of the catalogue,
 Sylloge nummorum graecorum 17

Migliarini placed in a section entitled “Urbes Hispaniae incerti situs”, grouping coins he was not able to
attribute to any particular mint, and the coins of “Balearides Insulae”.

In this reorganization and revision of Pelli’s catalogue, Migliarini was possibly inspired by the catalogue
of the “Museo Hedervariano” prepared by the archaeologist Domenico Sestini (Florence 1750-1832) in
1818, “Descrizione delle medaglie Ispane appartenenti alla Lusitania, alla Betica e alla Tarraconense
che si conservano nel museo Hedervariano”. As Sestini explains in his preface, he consulted a wide
range of literature and some manuscripts by the Spanish collector and numismatist Dámaso Puertas, to
complete his catalogue. Sestini also justified each attribution by reference to works consulted, such as
those of Flórez or Velázquez. As Migliarini did years later, Sestini grouped issues by province –Lusitania,
Baetica and Tarraconensis– and alphabetically by mint, whether their legends were in Greek, Punic,
Iberian or Latin. It is also noticeable that in his catalogue Migliarini adopted many transcriptions of coin
legends, especially Iberian, proposed by Sestini, on the basis of earlier works.

Sometimes Migliarini inserted notes in the margin to the left of the first column regarding the poor
condition of some specimens and referencing the books consulted in their classification, as well as
making the observations he considered of interest. These notes reveal that Migliarini knew the
literature of his time about the most important Hispanic coins, and in them he provides evidence to
substantiate his proposals regarding the location of mints, and the Punic and Iberian legends. Besides
Sestini’s catalogue of the “Museo Hedervariano”, Migliarini cites works by Velázquez, Flórez, Saulcy and
Della Marmora, whose possible influence on the completion of the catalogue of the Grand Duke’s Coin
Collection is considered below.

One of the works Migliarini took into account was produced between 1757 and 1773 by Father
Enrique Flórez (Villadiego 1702 - Madrid 1773), “Sobre Medallas de las colonias, municipios y pueblos
antiguos de España. Colección de las que se hallan en diversos autores y de otras nunca publicadas,
con explicación y dibujo de cada una”. This can be considered the first important treatise on ancient
Hispanic numismatics and the major achievement of the 18th century in this field. Flórez thought it
virtually impossible to understand the Iberian legends, and therefore largely dedicated himself to the
systematic study of the issues with Latin legends. He was also interested in the findspots of coins, as a
way of locating the mints. Migliarini knew Flórez’s work at first hand, and he sometimes cites it directly,
while at other times he refers to theories proposed in it. For example, at the beginning of the catalogue
entries of the coins from Tarraco, Migliarini (nos. 329-334) wrote in the margin “Colonia Victrix Togata?
Tarraco”, showing that he was aware of the problem regarding the meaning of the coin legend, which
today is interpreted as C(olonia) V(rbs) T(riumphalis) T(arraco). Antonio Agustín and other scholars
who studied this legend after him correctly interpreted the letters C(olonia) and T(arraco), but found
the two others more problematic. Agustín (1587, pp. 265-266) developed them as V(ictrix) T(ogata) or
T(yrrhenica), and Flórez (1757-1773, II, pp. 580) as V(ictrix) T(ogata). The question mark that Migliarini
included after “Togata” seems to indicate that he knew of both proposals. In other cases, he simply
added references on the sheets of Flórez (Migliarini nos. 44, 136, 137, 158, 217 and 312).

Figure 5. Sestertius of Tiberius from Tarraco with the inscription

C - V - / T - T on the reverse; Migliarini no. 333 (SNG no. 521).
18 Hispania

Migliarini repeatedly cites the essay written by Félicien de Saulcy (Lille 1807 - Paris 1880) “Essai de
classification des monnaies autonomes de l’Espagne”, published in 1840, understanding by “monnaies
autonomes” the issues with Iberian legends from Hispania Citerior. This essay by Saulcy –a professional
soldier, archaeologist and a learned collector– offered little advance in the decoding of the Iberian
legends and the location of the mints. In some cases, Saulcy confused matters that had been successfully
resolved by other researchers. In the margin of his catalogue, Migliarini referenced Saulcy’s readings,
but did not necessarily adopt his proposals. For example, Saulcy (1840, pp. 97-101) transcribed the
inscription untikesken as anekesken, which referred to the city of Ana, inhabited by the Anenses or
Onenses of Pliny. Migliarini (no. 261; SNG no. 206) knew this transcription of Saulcy and annotated it in
the left margin of the catalogue entry for coin of from Untikesken accordingly.

Nevertheless, he was not convinced by the attribution to the Anenses or Onenses and situated the
specimen under the heading of the mint Emporiae (Ampurias), alongside a drachma of Emporion
(Migliarini no. 260; SNG no. 1) and seven bronze coins with the Latin legend EMPORI (Migliarini nos.
262-268; SNG nos. 526-532), as also attributed by Sestini (1818, pp. 139-144).

Migliarini (nos. 366-371) closed his catalogue of Hispanic coinage by describing six coins of Ebusus (SNG
nos. 103, 105-108 and 762), which he classified under the heading “Balearides Insulae”, as proposed by
Della Marmora, as he noted in the margin of the catalogue. Alberto Della Marmora (Turin 1789-1863),
a soldier and naturalist who had in 1834 published “Saggio sopra alcune monete fenicie delle isole
Baleari”, in which he situated the mint of Ebusus on the island of Mallorca or Menorca, because it was
there that the majority of finds of these coins had occurred. Even if other scholars had earlier located
the Ebusan mint on these islands, others had sited it elsewhere, and Pelli himself did not regard its
coins as being Hispanic (Pelli III, 2, p. 153 no. 40, p. 154 no. 46, p. 166 no. 9, and Supplement II, p. 12 nos.
3321-3323). When Migliarini prepared his catalogue, he cannot have known Saulcy’s “Recherches sur la
numismatique punique”, published in 1843, in which for the first time he situated the mint of Ebusus on
the island of Ibiza.

Migliarini was well aware of the many problems regarding the reading and identification of the issues
with Iberian legends, and tried carefully to resolve them with the information available for his time,
even if most of his proposed identifications are now obsolete. Both his interest in identifying the Iberian
mints and his difficulty in doing so are evident, for example, in his descriptions of coins of Sekia and of
Titiakos attributed by Migliarini to the mint “Sisapo, Guadalcana” (Migliarini nos. 126-1217; SNG nos.
226 and 250). A note in the margin indicates that he took over from Sestini (1818, p. 89 no. 3, pl. III no.
14) the attribution of the Titakos coin to Sisapo, indicating as well that Sestini had followed Puertas.
He also copied the transcription of the legend –EEBKS– proposed by Saulcy (1840, p. 187 no. 142).
Migliarini believed that the Sekia coin also belonged to Sisapo, probably because of its similarity with
the transcription –SESR– proposed by the scholar Luis José de Velázquez (1752, pp. 113-114 no. 16, pl.
XV no. 4), as he notes in the margin of his catalogue.

Figure 6. Unit of Sekia (left) with Iberian legend SéÏá (sekia) on the reverse;
Migliarini no. 126 (SNG no. 226). Unit of Titiakos (right) with Iberian legend
YYadz (titiakoś) on the reverse; Migliarini no. 127 (SNG no. 250).
 Sylloge nummorum graecorum 19

In line with the scholarship of his time, Migliarini sometimes attributed the issues of one single mint to
two or more mints, because of the difficulties in understanding the evolution and successive legends of
that mint. An extreme case is Carthago Nova, with its plentiful and very varied issues. Even if Migliarini
catalogued most of these coins correctly, he mistakenly attributed some to Carteia (Migliarini nos. 62-
63; SNG nos. 457-458), Celsa (Migliarini nos. 244-245; SNG nos. 271-272), Osca (Migliarini nos. 304-305;
SNG nos. 473 and 484) and to a proposed “Augurina, Santiago de las Higueras” (Migliarini nos. 24-27;
SNG nos. 461-464; Sestini 1818, p. 215). He also attributed to Carthago Nova two bronze coins minted in
Augustus’ name in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula (Migliarini nos. 213-214; SNG 274-275), as well
as a coin of Corinth in Greece (RPC 1136). As Migliarini (no. 217) noted in the margin of his catalogue,
the attribution to Corinth was based on a proposal by Flórez (1757-1773, “Tav”. 16 no. 14), which had
also been adopted by Sestini (1818, p. 125 no. 16).

In sum, Migliarini’s cataloguing of the Grand Duke’s Coin Collection in Florence was an important
advance in updating Pelli’s ordering and classification of the collection, which involved adopting new
proposals for the reading and identification of the ancient Hispanic coins that had been put forward
since Pelli’s. If from the vantage point of today, it appears that he made many mistakes, these resulted
from the contemporary state of scholarship on Hispanic coinage.

Figure 7. Pie-charts showing the detailed composition of the Hispanic

collection at the Museo Archaeologico Nazionale di Firenze.
20 Hispania

The collection today

The Coin Collection of the Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Firenze currently has 762 Hispanic
coins, comprising two groups with clearly different characteristics: the one contains 358 pieces that
belonged to the Grand Duke’s Coin Collection (the “Medagliere Granducale”) and which we were able
to identify thanks to the detailed catalogues drawn up by Pelli in 1787 and Migliarini about 1850;
the other comprises 404 pieces, whose acquisition details have not yet been studied. The collection
is stored in eight trays. Four almost exclusively contain the coins studied by Migliarini, but not in the
same order as his catalogue.

The 358 coins from the Grand Duke’s Coin Collection reveal an interest in gathering a collection
representing as many as possible of the different ancient Hispanic coin issues, and a wide range of
mints. This part of the collection was basically a gift from Anna Maria Luisa de’ Medici, Electress
Palatine (Florence 1667-1743). On her death in 1743, this last member of the Medici family donated all
her collections to the state of Tuscany, among them the Coin Collection that soon suffered an important
reduction in the number of its pieces. As a result, some years later, when in 1775 Pietro Leopoldo de
Lorena, Grand Duke of Tuscany, ordered Giuseppe Pelli to document the Grand Duke’s Coin Collection, it
basically consisted of the collection gathered by the Medici family. If we compare Pelli’s 1787 catalogue
with Migliarini’s catalogue of c. 1850, it is noticeable that there had been hardly any new acquisitions in
the intervening period.

At the time of Migliarini’s catalogue, the Coin Collection contained a relatively good representation
of all series from ancient Hispania, with a particularly strong presence of coins of the Roman cities of
Hispania (218 pieces, 60.89%). The richness of these issues may result from the focus of the Medici on
Roman coins, in line with the interest in Renaissance Italy in classical antiquities, including Roman coins.
Among Roman provincial coins, bronze issues with portraits of the Imperial family abound, together
with other types and legends that lovers of classical culture would have easily recognized.

Other series in the collection are Greek (a single coin of Emporion), Punic, with 39 bronzes (10.89%),
and the Latin issues of Hispania Ulterior, with 28 bronzes (7.82%). We must highlight the considerable
number of coins of the Punic mint of Gadir/Gades (16) and of the city of Carteia (19). The large number
of Carteian coins does not appear to be the result of the purchase of a hoard. It is possible that Carteian
issues were appreciated because of the Roman portraits and types similar to Republican bronzes.
Coins with Iberian legends from Hispania Ulterior are well represented with 20 bronzes (5.58%) from
the mints of Castulo and Obulco, which is consistent with the high production volumes of these mints.
However, the numerous issues with Iberian legends from Hispania Citerior are hardly present, with just
52 examples (14.52%).

There are no rare coins, nor extraordinarily well-preserved coins or coins of uncommon aesthetic value.
The number of pieces from a particular mint does not always correspond to its relative output, and
there are a few duplicates. There is only a single modern fake, which imaginatively recreates an as of
the mint of Callet (SNG no. 121). It was already catalogued by Pelli (I, p. 4 no. 1) and Migliarini (no. 31),
who believed that it had been tooled. In fact, only one lightly tooled coin is present, a bronze of Gadir/
Gades (SNG no. 121), but this was not the result of a fraudulent attempt to create a previously unknown
type. In general, tooled coins abound in collections assembled in the 19th century, created to provide
the collectors’ market with unknown varieties.

It is interesting to compare the Grand Duke’s Coin Collection, gathered mostly by the Medici, with
two other collections formed some years later by two non-Spanish lovers of Hispanic coins. One was
assembled by the Hungarian magnate Mihály Wiczay, Earl of Hédervár, and is well known to us thanks
to the excellent catalogue prepared by Domenico Sestini. As Sestini documented (1818), the so-called
“Museo Hedervariano” contained a very complete, diverse, and balanced selection of Hispanic coins.
The other collection was formed by Gustaf Daniel Lorichs (Stockholm 1785 - Madrid 1855), a Swedish
diplomat posted to Madrid from 1814 onwards and the author of “Recherches numismatiques concernant
 Sylloge nummorum graecorum 21

principalement les médailles celtibériennes”. While in Spain Lorich gathered an extraordinary collection,
now preserved in the Royal Coin Cabinet of Stockholm, whose Hispanic types are well known thanks to
the catalogue edited by Delgado in 1857, as well as a more recent catalogue by Ripollès (2003), in which
2,073 coins are listed.

Compared to these two collections, the Grand Duke’s Coin Collection in Florence was quite modest, both
in terms of the number of pieces it contains and of the mints represented: 81 mints compared to 132 in the
“Museo Hedervariano” and 155 in the Lorich collection. Nevertheless, all three contain all of the Hispanic
series –Greek, Punic, Latin from Ulterior, Iberian and Roman– but in dissimilar ratios, probably reflecting
the interests of the antiquaries who put the collections together. The Grand Duke’s Collection contains the
highest percentage of bronzes from Hispano-Roman cities (60.89%), followed by Lorich’s (46.50%), while
the “Museo Hedervariano” showed a special interest in Iberian issues, with 46 mints represented. Only the
descriptions and drawings of the coins in the Earl of Hédervár’s collection, as catalogued by Sestini survive.
It is, therefore, not possible to evaluate the state of conservation of the pieces. In the Grand Duke’s Coin
Collection, as well as in the Lorich collection, very well preserved pieces alternate with well-worn coins,
showing that those who collected them were interested in ancient coins in any state of conservation.

The other group of Hispanic coins of the Coin Collection of the Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Firenze
consists of 404 specimens, kept mainly in a further four trays. The coins are of much lower quality than
those in the Grand Duke’s Coin Collection catalogued by Migliarini, both in terms of the issues involved,
and of their condition. This second set contains coins of all the various series of ancient Hispania, apart
from the Greek series. The relative proportions of coins of each series do not much differ from those of
the Grand Duke’s Collection. Nevertheless, the number of mints represented is noticeably different, with
in general a lower number of coins per mint. Coins appear to have been acquired without consideration
for condition, or concern for the representativity of issues; the single aim seems to have been to acquire
the largest possible number of specimens. For example, 58 of the 68 coins of Punic mints (18.83%) are
from the mint of Gadir/Gades, some in appalling condition.

As with the Grand Duke’s Coin Collection, the best represented issues are those minted by Roman cities
(271 specimens, 67.07%), and the quantity of specimens and issues of the various mints is very uneven.
There are really well-represented mints such as Carteia (40 coins), Colonia Patricia (35 coins), Lepida-
Celsa and Calagurris (28 coins of each), while there is not a single coin of some important mints. The
Latin mints of Hispania Ulterior, with 20 bronzes (4.95%), are also present in unrepresentative numbers,
with the mint of Ilipa the best represented with 14 specimens, most of which are poorly preserved. The
issues with Iberian legends from Hispania Ulterior are represented by only 8 bronzes (1.98%), a very
low percentage bearing in mind the large production volumes of many of these mints. There are very
few coins of the issues with Iberian legends from Hispania Citerior (37 coins, 9.15%). Overall, the variety
and condition of the coins in the Grand Duke’s Coin Collection does not show interest in developing a
quality collection, with all the issues manufactured in Hispania, from the earliest coins minted by Greek
and Punic communities right up to the last issues at the start of the Roman Imperial period.

Acknowledgments

This book would have not been possible without the support provided by the Social Sciences and
Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). The authors are especially grateful to Clive Stannard
(University of Leicester) and Gregory Rowe (University of Victoria), for their insightful comments and
to Philip Banks for the revision and improvement of the English.
22 Hispania

NORTHWEST UNCERTAIN MINT (SNG no. 275)

 Sylloge nummorum graecorum 23

Catalogue

Alejandro G. Sinner and Marta Campo

The order in which the coins are presented is based on the criteria adopted by Jenkins in 1979 for the
SNG of The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals of the Danish National Museum, later updated by
Ripollès and Abascal (2000) for the study of the collection of the Real Academia de la Historia of Madrid,
and also by Ripollès (2003, 2005) for his publication of the SNG of the collection of the Royal Coin
Cabinet of Stockholm and the catalogue of the Bibliothèque Nationale of France.

According to these criteria, the Greek issues are treated first, followed by the Punic issues, the Latin
issues from Ulterior, the Iberian coins from Hispania Ulterior and the Iberian coins from Hispania Citerior
minted before the first century BC. The mints are arranged geographically, from west to east, with the
exception of the Iberian mints from Hispania Citerior, which have been arranged from south to north
and then from the coastal to the inland zones of the region. When approaching the issues minted by the
Roman cities of Hispania, the order and descriptions used in this volume follow the criteria established
by Ripollès in his books about Roman Provincial Coinage, RPC and APRH.

Common abbreviations

AE bronze
AR silver
c. circa
l. left
Obv. obverse
r. right
Rev. reverse
24 Hispania

Earlier catalogues of the coins cited in this volume

Migliarini Migliarini, A.M., Catalogo generale delle medaglie antiche d’Europa, Unpublished
manuscript, c. 1850 (?). (Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Firenze, Archivio Manoscritti,
Carte Migliarini, Ms. 199/125).

Ripollès 1986 ripollès, P.P., Catalogo, Monete Ispaniche nelle collezioni italiane, parte II. Firenze, Museo
Archeologico, Bollettino di Numismatica, 1986, pp. 225-2511.

Abbreviations of works frequently cited

ACIP Villaronga, L.; Benages, J., Ancient Coinage of the Iberian Peninsula, Barcelona, 2011.
APRH Ripollès, P.P., Las acuñaciones provinciales romanas de Hispania, Madrid, 2010.
CNH Villaronga, L., Corpus Nummum Hispaniae ante Augusti aetatem, Madrid, 1994.
RIC Sutherland, C.H.V.; Carson, R.A.G., The Roman Imperial Coinage, I, From 31 BC to AD 69,
London, 1984.
RPC Burnett, A.; Amandry, M.; Ripollès, P. P., Roman Provincial Coinage. London-Paris, vol. I,
1992.
Vives Vives, A., La Moneda Hispánica, Madrid, 1926.

1 Ripollès studied only 80 coins of the collection of the Museo Archeologico di Firenze.
176 Hispania
 Sylloge nummorum graecorum 177

Indices2

I. GEOGRAPHICAL

I.1. MINTS

Abdera: 89-91 Erkauika: 264 Ontikes: 231

Acci: 455-456 Eustibaikula-Eusti: 204-205 Onuba: 110
Arsaos: 230 Gadir/Gades: 2-75 Osca: 574-580
Arse-Saguntum: 189-192 Gracurris: 683-686 Osset: 122, 311
Bailo: 92-94 Ikalesken: 185-186 Patricia: 415-454
Barskunes: 227-229 Ikesankom: 262-263 Romula: 330-343
Bilbilis: 232-233, 621-641 Ilerda: 533-536 Saguntum: 517-518
Belaiskom: 242 Ilici: 502-516 Saitabi: 187-188
Belikiom: 244-247 Ilipa: 125-142 Saltuie: 216
Bolskan: 217-224 Ilse: 124 Segobriga: 751-761
Caesaraugusta: 581-620 Irippo: 308-310 Sekaisa: 234-241
Calagurris: 687-731 Italica: 312-329 Sekia: 225-226
Callet: 121 Ituci: 95-96 Sekobirikes: 256-260
Carbula: 156 Iulia Traducta: 344-355 Seks: 87-88
Carissa: 114-120 Kastilo/Castulo: 157-175 Tanusia: 272-273
Carmo: 143-151 Kelse: 207-214 Tarraco: 519-525
Carteia: 356-414 Kese: 193-202 Turiaso: 642-676
Carthago Nova: 457-501 Konterbia Belaiska: 243 Titiakos: 249-253
Cascantum: 677-682 Konterbia Karbika: 265-271 Uirouias: 255
Castulo: 157-175 Lakine: 215 Ulia: 155
Clunia: 732-743 Lastigi: 123 Uncertain mint: 98-102 (Punic);
Cunbaria: 111 Lauro: 203 274-275 Northwest (Roman pro-
Ebora: 307 Lepida-Celsa: 537-573 vincial)
Ebusus: 103-108; 762 Malaka: 76-86 Untikesken: 206
Ekualakos: 254 Murtilis: 109 Urso: 152-153
Emerita: 276-306 Nabrissa: 112-113 Usamus: 261
Emporiae: 526-532 Obulco: 176-184 Ventipo: 154
Emporion: 1 Oilaunes: 248
Ercavica: 744-750 Olontigi: 97

2 The index are elaborated based on the criteria adopted in the catalogues of the Real Academia de la Histo-
ria of Madrid and of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France (Ripollès and Abascal 2000; Ripollès 2005).
178 Hispania

I.2. TOPONYMS

Adra (Almería): 89 Espera (Cádiz): 114

Alcalá de Henares (Madrid): 262 Évora (Portugal): 307
Alcalá del Río (Sevilla): 125 Gerena (Sevilla): 124
Alcudia, La (Elche, Alicante): 502 Guadix (Granada): 455
Almodóvar del Río (Córdoba): 156 Huesca: 217, 574
Ampurias (La Escala, Gerona): 1, 206, 526 Huete (Cuenca): 265
Almuñécar (Granada): 87 Ibiza: 103, 762
Aznalcázar (Sevilla): 97 Iniesta (Cuenca): 185
Aznalcóllar (Sevilla): 123 Játiva (Valencia): 187
Azuara (Zaragoza): 244 Lebrija (Sevilla): 111, 112
Belmonte de Gracián (Zaragoza): 234 Lérida: 533
Bolonia (Cádiz): 92 Málaga: 76
Bornos (Cádiz): 114 Mérida (Badajoz): 276
Briviesca (Burgos): 255 Mértola (Portugal): 109
Burgo de Osma (Soria): 261 Montemayor (Córdoba): 155
Cabeza de Griego (Saelices, Cuenca): 751 Muela de Alcocer (Alcocer, Guadalajara): 264
Cabezas Las (Sevilla): 111 Navarre: 227
Cabezo de las Minas (Botorrita, Zaragoza): 243 Osma (Soria): 261
Cádiz: 2 Osuna (Sevilla): 152
Calahorra (La Rioja): 687 Peñalba de Castro (Burgos): 732
Cànoves i Samalús (Barcelona): 203 Porcuna (Jaén): 176-184
Carmona (Sevilla): 143 Rioja, La: 248
Carpio, El (Córdoba): 110 Sagunto (Valencia): 189, 517
Cartagena (Murcia): 457 San Juan de Aznalfarache (Sevilla): 122, 311
Casariche (Sevilla): 154 San Roque (Cádiz): 356
Cascante (Navarre): 677 Santiponce (Sevilla): 312
Castro de Santaver (Cuenca): 744 Sevilla: 330
Cazlona (Linares, Jaén): 157 Tarazona (Zaragoza): 642
Cerro de Bámbola (Calatayud, Zaragoza): 621 Tarifa (Cádiz): 344
Córdoba: 415 Tarragona: 193, 519
Corona, La (Fuentes de Ebro, Zaragoza): 215 Tejada la Nueva (Huelva): 95
Coronil, El (Sevilla): 121 Valdeherrera (Calatayud, Zaragoza): 232
Duero: 254, 256 Velilla de Ebro, (Zaragoza): 207, 537
Pisuerga: 256 Villar de Bobadilla (Tricio, La Rioja): 249
Ejea de los Caballeros (Zaragoza): 225 Villasviejas del Tamuja (Cáceres): 272
Eras de San Martín (Alfaro, La Rioja): 683
 Sylloge nummorum graecorum 179

II. LEGENDS

II.1. GREEK LEGENDS

Reverse

EMPORITΩN (emporiton): Emporion 1

II.2. PUNIC LEGENDS

Obverse legends

A (’aleph): Ebusus 106.

tgs¯a (’yptgr?): Ituci 95
h (heth): Ebusus 107
Anqc (mlk’): Malaka 76-86

Reverse legends

a (’aleph): Gadir/Gades 6-8, 11-15, 18-40, 43-60?

jKKJ° (‘bdrt): Abdera 89-91
cdPeA (’ybshm): Ebusus 762
mfPea 520 (’ybshm 20-20-10): Ebusus 107-108
cdPeA 520 (’ybshm 20-20-10): Ebusus 106
b|ic (’mgs‘n ?): Uncertain mint of the Iberian Peninsula 98-100
b|dc (mwšb?): Uncertain mint of the Iberian Peninsula 101-102
RSTUWV (b‘lb‘ln?): Bailo 92-94
NLaq (l’tg): Olontigi 97
l° gm xxga (mp‘l ’gdr): Gadir/Gades 6-7, 9-41, 61-68, 74-75
l°Oc QoQ (mp‘l sks): Seks 87
Pxgu Xl° g (p‘lt hgdr): Gadir/Gades 69-73
QoQ (sks): Seks 88
dcd (śmś): Malaka 86
180 Hispania
II.3. IBERIAN LEGENDS
Ulterior, reverse legends
hÿ Ý ı (ibolka): Obulco 176, 182-183
c (ka): Kastilo/Castulo 167-171
h¬ Tl¡ (kaśtilo): Kastilo/Castulo 157-174
k (ko): Kastilo/Castulo 157
z (ś): Kastilo/Castulo 158- 159
Citerior, obverse legends
î (be): Belaiskom 242; 244-247
îl (bel): Konterbia Belaiska 243
î¨ kd (benkota): Barskunes 228-229
I (bi): Bilbilis 232-233
õ¨ (bon): Bolskan 217-219
é (e): Ekualakos 254
ép (eŕ): Erkauika 264
cPäc (kaŕbika): Konterbia Karbika 265-271
Citerior, reverse legends
áí (ai): Arse-Saguntum 189
aUbS (aiubas): Arse-Saguntum 191
aRSaoS (arsaos): Arsaos 230
aRSé (arse): Arse-Saguntum 190 háϨ é (lakine): Lakine 215
bPzù¨ éS (baŕśkunes): Barskunes 227-229
bzù¨ éS (baśkunes): Barskunes 229
îlaízkJ (belaiśkom): Belaiskom 242
îlíÏoj (belikiom): Belikiom 244-247
IlIlíS (bilbilis): Bilbilis 232-233
õlz` ¨ (bolśkan): Bolskan 217-224
éüalakz (ekualakoś): Ekualakos 254
épcuíc (eŕkauika): Erkauika 264
éuzY (euśti): Eustibaikula-Eusti 204-205
í (i): Arse-Saguntum 189
íhlÚ¨ ·: ¨ (ikalensken): Ikalesken 185-186
íÈSᨠkJ (ikesankom): Ikesankom 262-263
ÊhSé (kelse): Kelse 207-214
ÊSé (kese): Kese 193-200, 202
ÊSSé (kesse): Kese 201
} • ÿ Â\ ´ (neseltuko): Obulco 178-180
ı ~ ÿ } uı z (ś ibibolai ): Obulco 177
ÿ ı h^_ (urkail): Obulco 177
uÿ ı h^_ (urkailtu): Obulco 178-180
k¨ õuÓ (konbouto): Ikesankom 262-263
ü (ku): Kese 200
z (ś): Sekobirikes 256-260
zoz (śoś): Oilaunes 248
4 (te): Kese 201
6 (ti): Kese 199; Titiakos 249-253
U (u): Uirouias 255
Uz (uś): Usamus 261
k¨4bkJ (kontebakom): Konterbia Belaiska 243;
Konterbia Karbika 266-271
k¨ 3Päa (konteŕbia): Konterbia Karbika 265
háuRo (lauro): Lauro 203
oíl<uMíkz (oilaunikoś): Oilaunes 248
oÑYÈS (ontikes): Ontikes 231
záíY (ś aiti ): Saitabi 187-188
Sálïíé (saltuie): Saltuie 216
zé` íSa (śekaisa): Sekaisa 234-241
SéÏá (sekia): Sekia 225-226
zékIçíÈS (śekobiŕikes): Sekobirikes 256-260
zSz (śoś): Oilaunes 248
d¨ uzía (tanusia): Tanusia 272-273
YYadz (titiakoś): Titiakos 249-253
Uípouíá (uiŕouia): Uirouias 255
U¨ YÈSȨ (untikesken): Untikesken 206
UzaJuS (uśamus): Usamus 261
 Sylloge nummorum graecorum 181

II.4. LATIN LEGENDS

Obverse legends

A: Ilse 124; Ilipa 126-142

AVGVS C V I CELS: Lepida-Celsa 542
AVGVST C V I CELS: Lepida-Celsa 543
AVGVSTVS: Bilbilis 622
AVGVSTVS C V I CELSA: Lepida-Celsa 544-545
AVGVSTVS DIVI F: Acci 455; Carthago Nova 473-490; Ilici 502-506; Lepida-Celsa 546-564; Osca 574;
Caesaraugusta 581-584, 587, 590-593; Bilbilis 623-627; Ercavica 744-747; Segobriga 753
AVGVSTVS DIVI F COS XI DES XII PON MAX: Caesaraugusta 588
AVGVSTVS DIVI F PATER PATRIAE: Bilbilis 628-638
AVGVSTVS DIVI F PONT MAX PATER PATRIAI: Osca 575
AVGVSTVS MV CAL: Calagurris 699
AVGVSTVS MV CAL IVLIA: Calagurris 695-698
AVGVSTVS PATER PATRIAI: Osca 576
BILBILI: Bilbilis 621
C CA T C O CA Q: Emporiae 529-530
C CAEDI T POPILI: Carthago Nova 457-458
C CAES F: Iulia Traducta 346-347
C CAESAR AVG GERMANIC IMP P M TR P COS: Carthago Nova 499-501
C CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS IMP: Segobriga 759-761
C CAESAR AVGV GERMANICVS: Ebusus 762
C I L C Q: Emporiae 526
C I NICOM P FL Q: Emporiae 528
CN VOC ST F: Castulo 172-174
C V I L PR II VIR: Lepida-Celsa 539
CAESAR AVG TRIBVNI POTES: Emerita 277-278
CAESAR AVGV TRIBVN POTES: Emerita 279
CARTEIA: Carteia 370, 380-404
CARTEIA EX D D: Carteia 378
CARTEIA S: Carteia 368
COL V I CELSA II VIR: Lepida-Celsa 541
COL VIC IVL LEP: Lepida-Celsa 537-538, 540
DEO AVGVSTO: Tarraco 519-520
DIVVS AVGVSTVS PATER: Emerita 283-286
DIVVS AVGVSTVS PATER C A E: Emerita 287-288
DRVSVS CAESAR TI AVG F: Italica 328-329
EX D D: Carteia 379
G CAESAR AVG GERM P M TR POT COS: Osca 580
G CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS IMP: Caesaraugusta 613-615; Bilbilis 641
G CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS IMP: Caesaraugusta 616
G CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS IMP PATER PATRIAE: Caesaraugusta 617, 619
GERMANICO ET DRVSO: Carteia 405-414
GERMANICVS CAESAR TI AVG F: Italica 327; Romula 342-343
HIBERO PRAEF M AGRIP QVIN: Carthago Nova 472
IIII VIR TER: Carteia 371-377
182 Hispania

ILSE: Ilse 124

IMP AVG DIVI F: Northwest, uncertain mint 274-275
IMP AVGVST DIVI F: Ilerda 535-536
IMP AVGVSTVS XIV: Caesaraugusta 585
IMP AVGVSTVS TRIB POTES XX: Caesaraugusta 589
IMP AVGVS MVN CAL: Calagurris 693-694
IMP AVGVS MVN CAL: Calagurris 692
IMP AVGVST PATER PATRIA: Calagurris 700
IMP AVGVST PATER PATRIAE: Calagurris 701-702
IMP AVGVST PATER PATRIAE: Calagurris 703-705
IMP AVGVSTVS P P: Turiaso 642-648
IMP AVGVSTVS PATER PATRIAE: Turiaso 649
IMP CAESAR AVGVST: Emerita 276
IMP CAESAR AVGVSTVS P P: Calagurris 706
IMP CAESAR DIVI F: Ilerda 533-534
IMP CAESAR DIVI F AVGVSTVS COS XII: Lepida-Celsa 565-571
IRIPPO: Irippo 308-310
ITVCI: Ituci 96
L BEN PRAE IMP CAES QVIN: Carthago Nova 471
L CAES: Iulia Traducta 345
L IVNIVS IIVIR QVIN(Q) AVG: Carthago Nova 461-464
M AGRIPPA L F COS III: Caesaraugusta 618; 620
M POP ILLI M F: Castulo 175
MVN CAL IVL: Calagurris 687- 688
MVN CAL II VIR: Calagurris 689
MVN CAL II VIR: Calagurris 690-691
MVRTI: Murtilis 109
OBVL NIG: Obulco 184
OBVLCO: Obulco 176-183
OSSET: Osset 311
P BAEBIVS POLLIO II VIR QVIN: Carthago Nova 465-470
P TVRVLL V I N K II VIR [QVINQ]: Carthago Nova 493-494
P TVRVLLI V I N K II VIR QVINQ: Carthago Nova 491
P TVRVLLIO V I N K / II VIR QVINQ: Carthago Nova 492
PER CAE AVG: Colonia Patricia 454
PERM AVG MVNIC ITALIC: Italica 312
PERM AVGVSTI SALVS AVGVSTA: Emerita 289
PERM CAES AVG: Iulia Traducta 344, 348-355; Colonia Patricia 418-439
PERM DIVI AVG COL ROM: Romula 330-336; 337-341
PERMISSV CAESARIS AVGVST: Emerita 280
PERMISSV CAESARIS AVGVSTI: Emerita 281-282; Colonia Patricia 415-417
PERMISSV CAESARIS AVGVSTI P M: Ebora 307
S: Kastilo/Castulo 158-159; Carteia 356-367
SAGVNTINV: Arse-Saguntum 190
TI AVGVS DIVI AVGVSTI F IMP CAESAR: Calagurris 710-720
TI AVGVS DIVI AVGVSTI F IMP CAESAR: Calagurris 707-709
TI CAES AVG PONT MAX TRIB POT: Tarraco 524-525
TI CAESAR AVG F AVGVSTVS IMP: Turiaso 650-655; Clunia 732-742
TI CAESAR AVG F AVGVSTVS IMP PONT: Turiaso 656
 Sylloge nummorum graecorum 183

TI CAESAR AVG F IMP PONT M: Turiaso 668-673

TI CAESAR AVG PON MAX IMP: Emerita 303-305
TI CAESAR AVGVST F IMP: Turiaso 658
TI CAESAR AVGVST F IMPERAT: Turiaso 659-667
TI CAESAR AVGVSTI F: Acci 456; Clunia 743
TI CAESAR AVGVSTI F AVGVSTVS IMP: Turiaso 657
TI CAESAR AVGVSTI F M C I: Calagurris 721- 722
TI CAESAR AVGVSTVS: Emerita 306; Lepida-Celsa 572-573; Osca 577; Turiaso 674-676
TI CAESAR AVGVSTVS AVGVSTI F: Caesaraugusta 610
TI CAESAR AVGVSTVS PON MAX IMP: Emerita 293-302
TI CAESAR AVGVSTVS PONT MAX IMP: Emerita 290-292
TI CAESAR AVGVSTVS PONT MAX IMP: Italica 313-326
TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVST P M: Carthago Nova 498
TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVSTVS P M: Ilici 509-513
TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVG P M: Ilici 514-516
TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVS: Saguntum 517
TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVS: Saguntum 518
TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVST IMP VIII: Segobriga 754-758
TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVSTVS: Tarraco 521-522; Osca 578-579; Caesaraugusta 594-598; 609; 611-612;
Cascantum 677-682; Graccurris 683-686; Calagurris 723-731
TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVSTVS PONT MAX TR POT XXXIII: Caesaraugusta 606
TI CAESAR DIVI AVGVSTI F AVGVSTVS: Carthago Nova 495-497; Ilici 507-508;
Caesaraugusta 599- 603; Caesaraugusta 607- 608; Bilbilis 639-640; Ercavica 748-750
TI CAESAR DIVI AVGVSTI F AVGVSTVS: Caesaraugusta 604-605
VRSONE: Urso 152-153
X: Carbula 156

Reverse legends

AED CN AMI L ARG A: Carteia 368

AETERNITATI AVGVSTAE C A E: Emerita 303-305
AVGVSTA EMERITA: Emerita 280-283; 290-292
BAILO: Bailo 92-94.
BILBILIS: Bilbilis 622-627
C A E IVLIA AVGVSTA: Emerita 289
C A E L E V X: Emerita 306
C AQVINVS MELA II VIR QVIN: Carthago Nova 465-470
C BALBO / L PORCIO: Lepida-Celsa 539
C C A: Caesaraugusta 594-595; 599-600
C C A C CARRI AQVIL L FVNI VET F II VIR: Caesaraugusta 610
C C A CLEMENS ET LVCRETIVS II VIR: Caesaraugusta 609
C C A DRVSVS CAESAR NERO CAESAR: Caesaraugusta 603
C C A IVLIA AVGVSTA: Caesaraugusta 601-602
C C A IVNIANO LVPO PR G CAESAR G POMPON PARRA II V: Caesaraugusta 611
C C A LICINIANO ET GERMANO II VIR: Caesaraugusta 614-615
C C A LVPO II VIR FVLVIANO PRAEF: Caesaraugusta 596
C C A LVPO II VIR FVLVIANO PRAEFECTO: Caesaraugusta 597-598
C C A M CATO L VETTIACVS II VIR: Caesaraugusta 607- 608
184 Hispania

C C A M CATO L VETTIACVS II VIR LEG IV LEG VI LEG X: Caesaraugusta 606

C C A NERO CAESAR DRVSVS CAESAR II VIR: Caesaraugusta 604-605
C C A SCIPIONE ET MONTANO II VIR: Caesaraugusta 616-618
C C A T CAECILIO LEPIDO C AVFIDIO GEMELLO II VIR: Caesaraugusta 612
C C A TIB CLOD FLAVO PRAEF GERMAN L IVVENT LVP II VIR: Caesaraugusta
C C A TIB FLAVO PRAEF GERMAN L IVVENT LVPERCO II VIR: Caesaraugusta 592- 593
C C A TITVLLO ET MONTANO II VIR: Caesaraugusta 619-620
C CAESAR TI N QVINQ IN V I N K: Carthago Nova 498
C I G A GERMANICO ET DRVSO CAES II VIR: Acci 456
C I G ACCI L I II: Acci 455
C I I A L TER LON L PAP AVIT II VIR Q: Ilici 516
C I I A L TER LON L PAP AVIT II VIR Q IVNCTIO: Ilici 514-515
C I I A M IVLIVS SETTAL L SESTI CELER II VIR SALAVG: Ilici 509-513
C I I A T COELIVS PROCVLVS M AEMILIVS SEVERVS Q: Ilici 507
C C IL A L MANLIO T PETRO II VIR: Ilici 502
C C IL A L MANLIO T PETRON II VIR: Ilici 503
C I IL A Q PAPIR CAR Q TER MONT II VIR Q; IVNONI: Ilici 504-506
C MAIVS C F POLLIO IIII / VIR: Carteia 378
C MAR M VAL PR II VIR: Calagurris 693-694
C V I CEL BAGG FRON(T) CN BVCCO II VIR II: Lepida-Celsa 572-573
C V I CEL CN DOMITI C POMPEIO II VIR: Lepida-Celsa 565-568
C V I CEL CN DOMIT(IO) C POMPE(IO) II VIR: Lepida-Celsa 569-571
C V I CEL L BAGGIO MN FESTO II VIR: Lepida-Celsa 551-563
C V I CEL L SVRA L BVCCO II VIR: Lepida-Celsa 546-550
C V I N: Carthago Nova 459-460
C V T DRVSVS CAES TRIB POT IVL AVGVSTA: Tarraco 524-525
C V T T: Tarraco 519, 521, 523
C V T T AETERNITATIS AVGVSTAE: Tarraco 520
C VAR RVF SEX IVL POL II VIR Q: Carthago Nova 473-486
C VIB AID KARTEIA S: Carteia 369
C VIBI IIII VI C MIN IIII VIR: Carteia 370
CAESARAVGV MN KANINIO ITER L TITIO II VIR: Caesaraugusta 590
CAESARAVGVSTA C ALLIARIO T VERRIO II VIR: Caesaraugusta 588
CAESARAVGVSTA L CASSIO C VAL FEN; II VIR: Caesaraugusta 584
CAESARAVGVSTA L CASSIO C VAL(ER) FEN(E) II VIR: Caesaraugusta 582- 583
CAESARAVGVSTA M PORCI CN FAD II VIR: Caesaraugusta 585
CAESA(R)AVGVSTA M PORCI CN FAD II VIR: Caesaraugusta 587
CAESARAVGVSTA M PORCI CN FAD II VIR: Caesaraugusta 586
CAESARAVGVSTA Q LVTATIO M FABIO II VIR: Caesaraugusta 581
CAESARIBVS IIII VIR CART: Carteia 405-414
CAESAVGVS CN DOM AMP C VET LANC II VIR: Caesaraugusta 589
CALLET: Callet 121
CAR C CVRMAN: Carteia 358
CARBVLA: Carbula 156
CARI: Carissa 114-115
CARIS: Carissa 116.
CARISA: Carissa 117-120
CARMO: Carmo 143-146, 148-151
CARTEIA: Carteia 357
 Sylloge nummorum graecorum 185

CARTEIA C MINI Q F: Carteia 371-377

CES CAR: Carteia 367
CLVNIA C AEM METO T COR MATE L CAEL PRES C CAEL CAND IIII VIR: Clunia 737-740
CLVNIA CN POMP M AVO T ANTO M IVL SERAN IIII VIR: Clunia 732- 736
CLVNIA M LVCR PER[E C] CALP VARO / AED: Clunia 743
CN ATEL FLAC CN POM FLAC II VIR Q V I N C SAL-AVG: Carthago Nova 499-501
CN FVL CNF: Castulo 172-174
COL AVGVSTA EMERITA: Emerita 284-288; 293-302
COLO PATR: Colonia Patricia 454
COLONIA PATRICIA: Colonia Patricia 415-453
CVNBARIA: Cunbaria 111
D D: Carteia 391-404
DIVVS AVGVSTVS MVN TVR: Turiaso 675
DIVVS AVGVSTVS MVN TVRIASO: Turiaso 676
DIVVS AVGVSTVS PATER C V T TAR: Tarraco 522
EMPOR: Emporiae 532
[E]MP[OR...]: Emporiae 531
EMPORI: Emporiae 527
EMPORI: Emporiae 528
EMPO[RI]: Emporiae 529-530
EMPORIT: Emporiae 526
GEN POP ROM: Italica 312
GERMANICVS CAESAR DRVSVS CAESAR: Romula 337-341
HIBERO PRAEF: Carthago Nova 471
II VIR QVIN: Carthago Nova 457-458
IIII VIR D D: Carteia 384-390
IIII VIR EX D D: Carteia 380-383
INS AVG: Ebusus 762
ITALICA: Bilbilis 621
IVL TRA: Iulia Traducta 346-347
IVL TRAD: Iulia Traducta 345
IVLIA AVGVSTA GENETRIX ORBIS: Romula 330-336
IVLIA TRAD: Iulia Traducta 344; 348-355
KARMO: Carmo 147
L: Kastilo/Castulo 167-171
L ACILIVS II VIR QVIN(Q) AVG: Carthago Nova 461-464
L AIMIL M IVNI AID: Obulco 181-183
L AP DEC Q: Urso 152-153
L ATINI C NVCIA IIII VIR: Carteia 379
L AVFID PANSA SEX POMP NIGRO AED C V I CELSA: Lepida-Celsa 564
L BAEB PRISCO C GRAN BROC II VIR: Calagurris 695-698
L BAEBIO P ANTESTIO II VIR: Calagurris 692
L BENNIO PRAEF: Carthago Nova 472
L COR TERR M IVN HISP II VIR: Lepida-Celsa 542-545
L GRANIO C VALER II VIR: Calagurris 687- 688
L MARC CARTEIA S: Carteia 359
L POMPE BVCC L CORNE FRONT: Lepida-Celsa 541
L PRISCO C BROCCHO II VIR: Calagurris 699
L SEMP GEMINO L VAL SVRA II VIR SAG: Saguntum 518
186 Hispania

L SEMP GEMINO L VALER SVRA II VIR: Saguntum 517

L VAL FLAVO T VAL MERVLA AED: Calagurris 721- 722
LAPDE: Murtilis 109
LASTIGI: Lastigi 123
LIBERALITATIS IVL EBOR: Ebora 307
LICINIANO ET GERMANO II VIR C C A: Caesaraugusta 613
M C I C CELERE C RECTO II VIR: Calagurris 723-728
M C I G CELERE G RECTO II VIR: Calagurris 729-731
M C I L FVL SPARSO L SATVRNINO II VIR: Calagurris 709-720
M C I L FVL SPARSO L SATVRNINO II VIR: Calagurris 707-708
M C I L VALENTINO L NOVO II VIR: Calagur ris 703
M C I M LIC CAPE C FVL RVTI II VIR: Calagurris 700
M C I M LIC CAPEL C FVL RVTIL II VIR: Calagurris 701-702
M CAL I C SEMP BARBA III Q BAEB FLAVO II VIR: Calagurris 706
M CAL I L VALENTINO L NOVO II VIR: Calagur ris 704-705
M FVL C OTAC PR QVIN: Lepida-Celsa 537-538
M POSTV ALBINV II VIR QVNQ ITER V I N K AVGVSTO: Carthago Nova 493-494
M POSTV ALBINV(S) II VIR QVNQ ITER V I N K AVGVSTO: Carthago Nova 491
M POSTVM ALBIN L PORC CAPIT II VIR Q: Carthago Nova 487-490
M POSTVM ALBINVS II VIR QVNQ ITER V I N K AVGVSTO: Carthago Nova 492
M SEP KAR S: Carteia 365-366
MN MEMMI L IVNI: Calagurris 689
MVN AVG BILBIL C CORN REFEC M HELV FRONT II VIR: Bilbilis 641
MVN AVGVSTA BILBILIS G POM CAPE II G VALE TRANQ II VIR: Bilbilis 639
MVN AVGVSTA BILBILIS L CORD CALIDO L SEMP RVTILO II VIR: Bilbilis 633-638
MVN AVGVSTA BILBILIS M SEMP TIBERI L LICI VARO II VIR: Bilbilis 628-632
MVN AVGVSTA BILBILIS TI CAESARE V L AELIO SEIANO COS: Bilbilis 640
MVN ERCAVICA: Ercavica 744-747
MVN ERCAVICA C COR FLORO L CAEL ALACRE II VIR: Ercavica 748-750
MVN ILERDA: Ilerda 533-536
MVN TVR C CAEC SER M VAL QVAD II VIR: Turiaso 659-661
MVN TVR C CAEC SERE M VAL QVAD II VIR: Turiaso 662-665
MVN TVR C CAEC SER(E) M VAL QVAD II VIR: Turiaso 666-667
MVN TVR DIVVS AVGVSTVS: Turiaso 674
MVN TVR L CAEC AQVIN M GEL PALVD II VIR: Turiaso 671-673
MVN TVR M PONT MARS C MARI VEGET II VIR: Turiaso 668
MVN TVR M PONT MARSO C MARI VEGETO II VIR: Turiaso 669- 670
MVN TVRI T SVLP QVAR Q PONT PLA AED: Turiaso 658
MVN TVRIASO: Turiaso 644-646
MVN TVRIASO L MARIO L NOVIO II VIR: Turiaso 649
MVN TVRIASO MN SVLP LVCAN M SEMP FRONT II VIR: Turiaso 650-657
MVNIC ITALIC: Italica 328-329
MVNIC ITALIC PER AVG: Italica 327
MVNIC ITALIC PERM DIVI AVG
PROVIDENTIAE AVGVSTI: Italica 313-326
MVNICIP CASCANTVM: Turiaso 677-680
MVNICIP CASCANTVM: Turiaso 681-682
MVNICIP GRACCVRRIS: Graccurris 683-686
 Sylloge nummorum graecorum 187

NA: Nabrissa 112-113

NERO ET DRVSVS CAESARES QVINQ C V I N C: Carthago Nova 495-497
ONVBA: Onuba 110
OSET: Osset 122
P CARISIVS LEG AVGVSTI: Emerita 277-279
P CARISIVS LEG PRO PR EMERITA Emerita 276
P COE STA RE F: Castulo 175
P SALPA M FVLVI PR II VIR: Lepida-Celsa 540
PERM AVG COL ROM: Romula 342-343
Q ANTONI L FABI: Calagurris 690-691
Q CART S: Carteia 356
Q I I A T COELIVS PROCVLVS M AEMILIVS SEVERVS: Ilici 508
Q OPSIL CARTEIA: Carteia 360
Q PEDECAI CARTEIA: Carteia 361-364
SEGOBRIGA: Segobriga 752-761
SEGOBRIS: Segobriga 751
TVRIASO: Turiaso 642-643
TVRIASO M CAECIL SEVERO C VAL
AQVILO II VIR: Turiaso 647-648
VLIA: Ulia 155
V V OSCA: Osca 574, 576, 578-579
V V OSCA COMPOSTO ET MARVLLO II VIR: Osca 575
V V OSCA G TARRACINA P PRISCO II VIR: Osca 580
V V OSCA QVIETO ET PEREGRINO II VIR: Osca 577
VENTIPO: Ventipo 154
X: Obulco 180

III. COUNTERMARKS

Emporiae 532 (APRH 97)

Gadir/Gades 57
Lepida-Celsa 553 (APRH 105)
Clunia 732, 737-738 (APRH 2)

Turiaso 652; Clunia741 (APRH 132)

Clunia 732, 737-740 (APRH 3)
Lepida-Celsa 553 (APRH 147)
Turiaso 647, 662, 667; Calagurris
689,700, 707, 710 (APRH 4)
Graccurris 683 (APRH 148)

Turiaso 660 (APRH 8) Turiaso 652 (APRH 159)

Lepida-Celsa 560 (APRH 166)

Turiaso 670? (APRH 49)
188 Hispania
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