Islam as an Ethical and Political Ideal
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Islam as an Ethical and Political Ideal - Muhammad Iqbal
Muhammad Iqbal
Islam as an Ethical and Political Ideal
Published by Good Press, 2022
goodpress@okpublishing.info
EAN 4064066456214
Table of Contents
Cover
Titlepage
Text
PART I: ISLAM AS AN ETHICAL IDEAL
I
There are three points of view from which a religious system can be approached:
from the standpoint of a teacher.
from that of the expounder.
from that of a critical student.
I do not pretend to be a teacher whose word and action are, or ought to be, in perfect harmony in so far as he endeavours to work out in his own life the ideals which he places before others, and thus influences his audience more by example than by precepts. Nor do I claim the high office of an expounder who brings to bear a subtle intellect upon his task, endeavours to explain all the various aspects of the principles he expounds, and works with certain presuppositions, the truth of which he never questions.
The attitude of mind which characterises a critical student is fundamentally different from that of the teacher and the expounder. He approaches the subject matter of his inquiry free from all presuppositions, and tries to understand the organic structure of a religious system just as a biologist would study a form of life, or a geologist would examine a mineral. His object is to apply the methods of scientific research to religion, with a view to discover how the various elements in a given structure fit in with one another; how each factor functions individually; and how their relations with one another determine the functional value of the whole. He looks at the subject from the standpoint of history, and raises certain fundamental questions with regard to the growth and formation of the system he proceeds to understand:
What are the historical forces, the operation of which evoked as a necessary consequence the phenomenon of a particular system?
Why should a particular religious system be produced by a particular people?
What is the real significance of a religious system in the history of the people who produced it, and in the history of mankind as a whole?
Are there any geographical