0,5

0,4

0.3
0,2

0,1

o ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Spinta Mach 0 e Mach i

var numero giri
6

o
0,680,720

,7608
, 0,840,880

,920,950 97
, 0,991

,011,OS 1,05

Ilnser

m orbits

none

di
Siste....
a1idlent.ztone

geostallonana (OEO) dl un sate ue rropeUedd

tO (1

seguenu endoreat

spinta

Nudlero

Spinta

JIlotote
(kN~

dloton

stadio

GaS - TH

~{1

"101110

LO~-l
,(kN'
3340 I SL
3
LOXILH2
uenti
"
'
pressurizzazione
10020
670 vac)
1
2
ti
NTOiMM!!
]340
ondino
in
camera
di
combUS
one sono Ie seg
11 (,rae
2
1
ni
It
3
NB: per LOX e LI-l2 si considera
I comp' en a tabella sottostan1e, tenendo contc che
Ie c
MH
NTOfM
I
I
rentalpia alia temperatura di norma)
s
LOX/LH2
LOxtRP-l
OfF:::: 1.647
boiling point, mentre per gli a)tri
OfF:::: 5.2
O/F == 2.35
Dc:::: lObar
propellenti
queJla
a
1
bar
e
298
K.
I)~== 55 bar
Pc:::: 69 bar
3250
3360
3590
21
T(K)
12
-~

il-\}

M (kWkmo1)
y

22.5
1.22

1.24

1.21

Motore

Simbolo Unita di
mi5ura
Motore
spirlla
~lllPO di funzionamento

A-1

"SEA LEVEL)

3340
165

kN

Fo

s
s

impulse soccifico

ossidantc

262

dcnsita
COll1bus~b~lc

dcnsita
rl~l)porto di misccla
Camera di sninta
raf!rcddalnCl1Lo

)f

rmO

26

808

71

879

2.2
tubolarc

60.3

15

689

55.2

10

2.35

5.2

1.647
1163

kg/s

nlf

kg/s

rm
p
3

1017

k s/m

c
11

Cr

ru..

98.1
0/0

98

In.

Lungh ezza cara

forma ugello

.
ttcnstica

Infine, per l'end oreattore A-I

L.

, 51

stirni

1.6

De

333

ablat.zirra
11

mJs

Lc

pressionc
. anSlOlle
USclta
I
area di _gola
U.t;C 10

40-)

755

1110

I corrcZlonc C
rappono diI cool! . F
rapj)Orto d1 esp aaonc
.

RP-1

665

PI
Pc

NTO

3327

prcssionc
n1.

t,

kN

s
bar
bar

portata ossidantc 110

portata combustibil
rapj)Urt d.'
c
d ., 0 1 misccla
cnsua media
lmpulso SDCC
velocita
. per dcnsita
caratteri .
fattorc d.
snca realc
1 correzi

coeffIlClenle
.
..lone
c
eli .
fattorc d.
spmta

670
250
426

riaenerativo

F
18

prcssionc totale uge

rVACUU~r',

tubolare
rigcncrativo

spuua

impulse s'''''c'
,lJl CI"- ICO

. .
inicuori

Motore
A-2

1447
MMH

1143

portala

Motore
A-3

LOX
131
1143
LH2

LOX
892

kg/s
kg/m"1

I)ortala

USC Ita

"'-

bar

em?
m

Ia quota dOI adattam

0.522

101

100

1.6

3.4

4()

35

1.14
ampana
0.66
C 800/0
camp
ento e SI tracci la . 750/0ana
Splnta al

0.81

camp70%
ana
van
are dell a qUota ..

1225
101 33
1

,lfO

111166

89 s8(l69 1()()655-4

81 15 19 5()535 0 go92~

268 ee

701246 0819347
262 17 61 663'46 0 736428

47
48
49
50

090718
0.91677
092635
093592
093927
0.93927
093927

0001673
0001471
0001296
0.001143
0001009
0 000891
0.000787

255 68 54 05091 0 660111

249 19 472199
o 59()()18
24270 4110722 0525785
236 22 35 65328
46 7062
1 0 3509
30802
041
22973
26 50108
3648
223 25
0095
O.
21671 22.7 27 0.311936
21665 19.400
0 266594
21665 16.5~!~ 0:227854
216.65 14.1 229 0 194753
216.65 12.1~322 0:166469
21665 10.3
0 1423
216.65 8.85~;
0.121645
21665 ~'~7103 0103994
216.65 5'529479 0088908
21665 4 729078 0.075713
217 58 .
064508
218 57 4.047606 O.
219'57 3.466954 0.055004
.
6 0046937
220.56 2 97181
.
083
221 55 2.549275 0.040
222' 54 2.188419 0.034256
223 54 1.880007 0 029297
224 53 1.61622 a 025075
225.52 1.390436 0.021478
226.51 1 197043 0.018409
227 50 1 031268 0015791
228 49 0 889067 0 013555
23097 0167311 0 011572
233 74 0 663412 0 009887
236 51 0 574593 0 008463
239 28 0 49852 0 007257
242 05 0 433245 0 006235
244 82 0 371135 0 005366
247 59 0 328817 a 004626
250 35 0 287139 0 003995
253 12 0251128 0.003456
25588 0219963 0.002995
258.64 0.192947 0 002599
0001844
261.40 0.169492 0.002259
0001605
264.17 0.149097 0.001966
10.001399
266.93 0.131337 0.001714
0.001222
269.69 0.115847 0.001496
0.001075
270.65 0.102292 0.001317
0000949
270.65 0.090333 0.001163
0.000838
270.65 0.079776 0.001027

.,

,.IJ

7
7

~ 10
IC

T'

1,1.40

I
4

S.

10

20

50

100

Pft!5SVRE RAnO~" ;!p"

t2t1o lUId "':Kit

1'1111 2 V.,.wJons of isentrOpic JI~ure

lib :!lotl ..... In In

.umbel'

and dJYCf'Iln8 scct10ns of .Dc Lanl noz:rJc:

Ic,,-

Region of flf W
I

.-

I--

"~"I-

HM

nu b

l.

\:;_I.-~

I,

- I' 1- I~I~

I'

10
ArM rdo ~.. AliA.

20

,o::.=.1""-~';_,.' ,. -

.--

,.,;;.1-1,-

1--

1-

- ,r~~
,--,- .-~.

u.na dl
~

UIV.JOJ)iU11ento
1(J

kN
s
s

peel fico

kgls
kg/m
WJll

I)fJrlala

kgls
kglm

71
2
tubolare

I
I

tubolare

"'-& 1.198

60.3
55.2

portata corn
~~~~:',

Ulln)

c
c

pee per den Ita

r.

"'SoIl () J H

128.HtH

J"(, 13,
2 35
) 17
2738('0

24.781
5.
1-;800

2.2

368800

~~w~~
t-__~1~72~1~
__+-__~2~2~87~
__
-r__~1~6~~~~
rente I spuna
t Il{ITe 01 C()rrC710ne C
rapporto I contmzrone
~U\: I\:

A
a carattenstrca

98
1

LO

bar
ern
m

1 1

14

0.1108
3148
1.14
campana

636.567
0.66

Mmpana
75%

Iafine, per I endoreallore A-I. si SI1O'II la quota di adattamento e si tracci 1aspinta al variare

della quota

..
1

s
2

V)/SJI

rn

t:
2

, I

f,

c{S(r~twnaf coeHtC,entfor fuel and oXidIZer moclng and uncomplete combustion

"It
,A. a.

1'-

Ott: ~i
il

lit

,l :

'1'f

csUll'I

::::1.72 1 ><

t
,CIOSlnrl
.::; llst.nr 1
_

c sUlr2 .- 11star

::::2.287

2,CIDstar2

3 III
10 -;
:3 III
1(). -

><

3 In

_ 1 696)( 10 ._ '1 3,CIDstar3 - .

s
c 1'- star
slar._ 1bar
POI
.._ () 522bar
Pe 1 .._ 55.2bar
Pe2 .68.9bar
Pel _-3
Pel:::. 7.576 x 10

.- Obaf

.- Oba!

P03 .-

P02'.- lObar
Pc3'-

Xl := Pel

f(11)

E.l := -

1111

1}

2 11 . -Xl'} - Xl
11-1
,

2 ==40
~:= 14

Guess values

X3:== 0

X2 .= 0
GiVe!l

2 12

"Y2
X2 -X2

"'(2

12 -1

1~111d(X2)
~ 0002006935514759673()275
Given

r(13)
e3 =
2'13
. X3

13+1

13

13
-X3

13 - 1
Fmd(X3) ~ 0.99982421583628990353

Clearly this res ult is wrong' 11

Due to truncating error this equation allows multiple solutions I

By trial and error process X2 and X3 are found:
~.= 0.00200691

0.00212410

,
::::3S

r(13)
r(11)

~ -40
"12+1

2''13

2
"'f2

212

X2

"'3+1

"12

"'13

. X3

13

- x'3

"'13 - I

--X2

"12 - 1

Pc2 -:::X2 Pe2::: 1.108 x 10 Pa

3
Pel:= XrPc3 2.124 x 10 Pa

11I:3:= 1

flF2:= 1.01

11-]

,.

1,

Pel
+ }'

Pel

POI

::: 1.565

Pel

12-1
12

2'12
CJ;td2:= "(12)'

, '"12- 1 -

Pe2

1-

+ 2

Pe2

P02 ::: 1.874

Pc2 Pc2

Pe2
..J

2'13

C J: ,d3 .=

CJ~I

['("'3)' ,

, '"11. -

( f 11" fI

Pl!3

.. Pc3

"'13

Pe3
+ 1'

Pc3

P03

= I 834

Pc3

..J

-I'

= I 534

C ,'2 := CI~id2'rlli2""="'I-R~()-3---c=...
J

Cr'3 ,_ C J"id3'llJ{3
I

,-

,R34

~). 981'~
2
c
.(;
I := star I 1:1
~
= 26~ 15s
SI

...

rt

1
c'iL 2,e
S2 := ar F2 = 441,198 s
~)

ISl ,_
l.

II.

Cstar3,CF3
= 317083 s

,-

, ...1

..
'''1

fIf)1

!1
1

144'"

rfJ

",'
,.,.1

71 k

!I.l

M7t}

In

,,, 1

i'l , I ) AI' J )

'1' J Alt,
l'(,Z 1'*,2 "
2

-+ 1'lJl

i
1

Ii~
zJr
r

11Z 72/y k~

(1

Pf)

2 'hP2
(1., ~

ffi

+ jtlft

ft

+ h~1 )

()

f'J ~ AY ~ f- I'{~~
21"0 / '(/~ kJ

J,,) "I

~
~

A(,~,/ t(,)

"'k~r.
t',

I,

'I

xX",) I

I) '/~A(,IK

"I

(J

I)

11(,(I{)(l J

n 11{)f!i(,17

{, 1~ I xS \
() ~()'()7~

1I,1

{}t(, I 'i 12

I()

lul{"

II

(J

(J I'lll\~(,

12

f) I(,~{,2'/

I~

I i(JV,il'J

I"

(; I II)G ~1

15

(, I (Ij I'/ ~

10

{l

~,{"

"

()

(J

()HI''!~1f,

n ();o/il{,(,2
/,

() {J('~K2H
'I

I (

('.{)~~G(,()

(, ()'le,(,',

2()

21

11\

0.034214

24

0.029328

III

0.039945

22
23

2 _

26

kg
s

0.018553

28

0.01595

29

0.013722

30

~ 153.645 -

c .tar2

27

0.011813

m.Fl

== 376.135 kg

} + MR}
m.2

m ,F2:=

== 24,781

32

0.008774

33

0007572

kg

1 + MR2

m]~','3 ,-

31

0.010177

m,l

34

0.006547

35

0.005671

m3

kg
-::1.336-

36

0.00492

1 + MR3

37

0,004276
m.OI .= MRrm.F1 = 883.918 kg
s

= O.315m

c)
A ._ cstar2'm.2

2 .-

= ().064 m

c2

" ,-'-

/\'1

:=

40

0.002834

J ,-

39

0.003245

In 01 = MR3,m,J-'3 = 22 kg
A ._ cstar),m.1

38

0.003722

MR2m.F2 = 128.864 kg
s

m 02'

25

0.025158
0.021597

Ppri :=:
m

1'~2
Au

Altitude:==

0.002478

41

0.002171

42

0001904

43

0.001673

44

0001471

45

0001296

46

o ()OI143

47

0001009

48

0000891

49

0000787

50

star1'm 3

I) . = 5.997:x l()- 3 2
c3
In

O. 1 50

I)O(i) .= ()pnm
. POI
I

z(i) := Altitude km
1

""1-1
r

CFidv:=

r(11).

'"'11

2 "I)

I-

, 1} - I
L..

Pel

\.Pel .)

Pel
+ l'P == I 768
el

3.6:1.10
F(i)

o
z(i)

Alt,t ude adaptation ( PO)

I)

J) J

= 5km
(J

IS

6km

PsI

1bar

PsI :=

1 225 kg
3

In

54()50CJbuI

Where J)sJand

-I

J'( I)

= Pad)'

(Jr,)

P2 : 0472199bar
are the pressure and density at sea level

r
8.
n

g
s
~

8"sa
g

o
o

8
o

ii

Englne propert'
res:
I

II V1 := 2464 ~
s

!..:= 2()77

6.":> 153l) ~

L= 293K

J
kg-K

'"'1:= 1.67

Material properties'

I"'i := 4430 kg3

a:

833~a

111

Propellent properties

J;..;;,= 3107

III

Pp:= 1163 kg
3
m

mu:= 1200kg

Payload:

ms = 1100kg

Structure:
He tank:

POHe:=

30MPa

T one .= 293K

mOI-Ic:= 58.83kg

Fuel system dimensioning

V 0 :=

mOI-leR TOl-Ie

=- I.193 x

10 L

PORe
Safety coefficient

k:== 1.2

3 Vo
:==

::: 0.415 ro

4--1f
3

Given

r
1t
2.1t.r.s.cr '" POHe. . k
Find( s) ~ 0.0089571917964351068429.111

Jj.,:C:; 0.00895719111

Yo

4. 4. . 2

111 ::::

1\

nlg::::

r .s- PI i ::::
342.716 kg
He tank mass

POl-Teo Vo

::::)'"8 .83ks

R . T ORe

Given

Final mass
Fuel mass

t1

IIlj := 2390.2374kg

+ 13690.9569kg = 1.608 x 10 kg

3
.= 660 9403kg + 3785 7769kg = 4447:x 10 kg

mf

IIlp :=

1729.2970kg + 99051799kg

ffip
V.:::

p.

Pp

= 1 163 x 10 kg
Propellant volume

-4

::: 1 x 10 L

Given

Px = PORe

Pv= Pr

Find{Pr}

.v
)
(Polle 0 _ :::= 2)(

Pr:==

Regulation pressure
6
10 pa

-"'t. Vp + Vo
4
_ 1 608)( 10 kg
.
.-

llliI)eSign

.-

.
IlllIel)eslgn

:::::IllQlie

05'(VP + o.
.::::
o.
V u'
a
p. :.::::o.5MP
1

TO :::::Tofle-

::::58.83 kg

) _ 575.221 J..
15Vp -

293 J{

Initial mass

by design

. n
He mass by desig
or headsp8ce
Ullage volume

1 . \!
\\\11
,_
l
\\
~\\ ..- 1 ,'\' :- {) t....,~19
t)

Fuel system operation

Opening
\'t() ::-: \l \1

= ~''\....
" --"1 \ ~
It) " I n

Ne = Normal Closed

0-> 1
I)l I :=

Itlll

ll)() l)~'

1)1' :: ~"

:=

l'll,Vtl

= 1 8") 1 kc

R,'r'tl

'

nIl := IllOII~ - (111(1tll 1,l~ ,'1'1

I) 1 :=

nl

O) ,57.1 ~l)t...g He mass that passes from the He tank to propellant tank
..,

~.()~Q.

It) 1'(\

Vt1

First ascension

1 -> 2

propellent mass used for First Ascension

IIIpI

.=
'

Ill"

A V':=
pl.:
P2

:=

1- c

tl1pl

== 7.571 x 10 L

"1)

"""I)
I
r. A VP 1 = 8. 1 x 1()6 l>ll
III Vo

The He from the tank expands isentropiCaly

,_-1
::: 174.943 K
T2:= Tt'

p}

In 2 ::::: 1l2'V 0
R. T') ::: 26.()03 kg

llla ._
.- Illt 1

t2

._
V
.-

(Ill 1 -

He mass remalned
.
in the He tank

ffi2 ) = 32.727 kg

3
+
uV
t1
I)1 = 8.146 x 10 L

._ pU'V12
t2 .- Rrn -_ 23 9.703 K

'
.. ....

t2

Coasting
2 -> 3

T3

:=

~(

293K

Vt3:= Va = 8.146 x l03L

ffi2RTO

P3 :=

= 1.357 x 10 Pa

o
PtJ:= Pt2'

Tt3

== 2.445 x 106pa

.i5ZJL.

Ttl

.:1 .....

at

",-~--__.__----___.-

second ascension

3-> 4

The second ascension is made out of 2 phases:

Blowdo
_ phase during which the pressurizing gas from the tank is not used
wn
"prime" index marks the After-Blowdown properties
1

3 _> 3

m3 :== m2 == 26.603 kg
IDtJ :== IDt2 == 32.727 kg
)1
"t

Pr

== 270.324 K

T t3pri11l :::: TO' Pt3

roa..RTt3PrUn. == 9.187)( 103L

Vt3prUn :== ..

Pr

. _ V == 1.041 )( 10 L
V
.:V t3prJJll
t3
p3P~
03
._
.V
. == 1.21 x 1 kg
_

11lp3prim .-

Pp

p3prun

P"'.urilltion
"II" lndell merk. the '.cond ph.ae of th Second Aaeen.1on p,.unutton

3'->4

- v2
l'~l (Ill,

I'

anp I)

2 81

\
Y.

",

lp.

Propefllnt mill

Uled 10rthe Second

Aleen,ton

P, -

""t

I'.

V \'11
Ve)
'""t I

t i mas 6 t hot

flB"I.

from thl H. t.tW ,nto thl ptf",."IM

t-te moss till In thl He lank

Pr V,4
R'n;4

274 529 K

Ctoalng
293K
7 )
1 101- 10 1

I 5

6
10 PI

I'~

t6
V :::: Vu + Vp + 0.15. Vp '" 1.208 x 104L
The volume of the fuel tank

VtS
6
Pt6::::: PtS'
::: 1.87 x 10 Pa
Vt6
\

M (Modified

sottO

.o Engine), qUI

5MB (Spa&cShuttle M8I

....
full

Part 01 oxv
floW is pressurized
to. hilt*
'Vrith a separate Impeller

Prebur.and Full

turbOPU""P
Wlth)..sSQ8
HydloCIn pJnP

R~tively
cooled babular

nonA.

Coolant
control
valve

Thrust chamblt

ps.haust

SI analizzino

I gruppi Lurbopompa. tenendo canto del dati riportati nella figura allegata,

relativa

aI

funZlonaIllenlO a 1()4.5o/l, RPL (Rated Power Lev el), e dei seguenti dati.
J}

Valon di pJessiOlli/ponate e proprieta gas precombustori

Pressione Portata
r---+-(.....
)s:-:la.....;..)+-~(l-=..:.b/.:::..:,s)~
Sta/ione

4~
()
7
)4

3 ()t)

387)
4025
25R
M (kg/kmol)
24
3 77
25
322

1 120
11()

1138
155
1.36
1 38

.2) Dati turbopompe

Pompa
LPOTP
HPOTP

assiale, 11 =0 68

Turbina
1140

6 stadi idraulica LOX

"' r - 0.7

LPFTP

1140

HPFTP

72.67
74.25

stadi a reazion
. e, II :::::
0.746
2 stadi a reazione GH2
_
2 stadi are' .
' r - 0.58
aztone, r :::::0.8
3

472

38815

p-- 3169 pst

37173

3600

32

31
30

S (kJlkgK)

enO
FTP
Paraidrog
Turbopompa HP

eGO

70u ~

549

~T = -367 F

p= 5956 PSI
(supercritico)

6uO

/
/
/

400

/
/
/

200
T

= 417

50.35

(j

F/

r) = 258 psi

- (liquido)

.. -

<:-----5=-=.0:-------::;7.5

~ '_J

a (kJ/kg K)
Reterence States

Unita di misura

u = 0 at 273 16 K for saturalccj

heUfO.
S = 0 at 273 16 K 'or salurated heWId.

M~lSS flow

Para- H2- data

fJressure
l1iameter

"

CritIcal ternperatu((~ (T~)K

32.936

CritIcal pressure (f-') bar

Critical de/lstl ~ (0,) kg/rna
'~

Volum(! flow

12.0~1/7
'S1160
':
~

--.'_'

"ower
TemperatlJre

Ie

.~

UK

81

Ibis

Conversione

kg/s
bar
m

0.45359237
0.06895

m"3/s

6.30902E-OS

kW

0.7457

(x+459.67)-519

PSI

ft
gpm

hp
F
__
0

....

0.3048

, .iMlta turbbl8

e can I us~

''WoeurbO

di er Turbo pump)
ita 2 10 cOrn~
essur8 ()r.Yf!1JP o 1
I LpOTPlLo" Pres ure I
comprCSso fino a 2 L ~c HpOiP :::::fllsh ~ LOX segue dlel
,
:l pompa t.O colr In
ro\enlente da 7 (~~lta
ratica parte de
,

punlp)
k

!!lIra

In 3

I,

ce In

'colati
f

ore l 0 ' usato come lubrl

.can

te Non CI sono

probleml

di

partJ

..
peUo
, 0 13 In lurblna che pompa
e Oxidizer Turbo urn
rtata
supertore ns er
sur
, HI' 11' ( t calnbl alore di calore) (Hi gh Pres , m~ a 7, In usci ta 7 lone
tr?vo po 'eniente cia Preburn
~
pompa 1 nce\'e LOX da 2 e 10 compn al nusso di lubrificaz
pro'
uta
all Inglesso 4 {cIrca 8 kgls in piU)'ddd?\1. ,n4 rami che vanno
7 \,iene 5U 1\015a
boost pump La portal a
..
. LPOTP (3)
al'menwe
la lurblna Idrauhca
'
1
I
(6)
d
pressunzzare
1'I
ad
ti. alia Prebumer booS,!pump
, t lela turbina, per poi an are a
IIi allo scambiatore di calore che av \ 0 g
serbalolO LOX (8)
.
.
. ci ale (9)
one
1\
all'inieltore della camera di comb~uon~~
~r i preburner dalla staD
6 alia 5,
b Pompa 2 (prebumer boost purnP~: co~pn,me.
p 6-m5 = m7- m4
Anche Qui\ i sono portale per lubnfic~Jonl c~clnetto:
deve entrare in contatto
con
c Turbina, nceve gas pre-combusto ncco di fuel c e non
c

p)

I"ossigeno
Circuito 1.11
..2
I LPFTI' (Low Pressure Fuel Turbo Pump)
,',
a Pompa: LH2 entra in 12 con pressione mferiore a LOX per rrunor canco (serbato1o LOX piu

alto e densita maggiore). viene compresso e mandato In punto 13,

b Turbina. usa GH2 proveniente da circurto refrigerazione
(come neI caso di circuito
expander) Una \ olta passato nella turbina, GH2 va in parte a pressurizzare
i serbatoi di LH2
(17) e in parte va negIi inienori della camera principale, dopo aver refrigerato
i precombustori
e I condotti del gas pre-combusti (HGM - Hot Gas Manifold)
cote
~ I CUSCl11elllsono lubn ficati trarni te idrogeno che va da 13 a 12
2

II Non posso umre GI12 uscna turbina (17) e LH2 uscita pompa (13)
IIPl-' P (1IIgl) Pressure Fuel Turbo Pump)
u. PornpaIaportata m ingresso Ll-l 1551b/s)ctna
d
.
.
b Turbma: I 5 Ibis di H2 til t uga dalla oln a v
.'.
O\'\'cr~ lll~() = 11111 + nl22 + (nll4 _ ~l I{)
anna a finlre, net gas In uscita dalla turbina,
SOllO

ricchi di H'J_

Controllo metore
Vengono utilizzate 5 valvole di c

questo e possibile VISto che

I"

gas pr e-com busti

usn

')

2 ~10V = fI,run uel,': alve ( (5) open/close

rapporto
dain Oxidizer Val' (9)
3 FPOV = Fuel Prebume
.' ~ . open/close
-1 0 PO V = Oxidiz
r OXI dized Val ve (I I) contr
.
,
5 CC\1 = Char b~erPrebumer Oxidi7ed VaI, e (10) olla 11 MR In MCC
11 er Coolant Val
- InS]eme a FPO
seconda del livelln di spmia
"e (20): controllo refrig erazlone,
." V aperta
controlla0 illivello
.
.
spinta

di

parzlalmente chiiusa a


n flow and 11 percent
16 percent of the hyeJrog8
ound
In
uot on
r
roce
In tn!.) fir t (or preburn) 'j1ago
I-nch rt1l:t.turo rano of less the~ one P
r h GOMI011
Ullllz" a I NO I1Ig comnu IIDn umer W bo problJ(Ood;H tho (,/1",10" II I IJOI r cnve theu re pective hIgh" pressu re
01 HI 0'10
fl(lVl , In,ool!ld InlO IW'J.f~;lm uIU"U 1110 hyrJro(l~n"(fch (FIb treamt
~~h!l
coolant IUIlI (about 19 percent) and
of lOX to om p'Jund 01 hYdl;;U'n ~j~IOIDIh' main c(lmbu tion chamber. along 'III I
combu lion chamber at a carefully

nd U1 n rn ,un ~ ~:~~~) Socofld (or 11(131) 1,')00ccmbueuon occur ,n tho m m

UI WlnolllinaOZ/U' n (about BJ pe
corlltollo,j rnD!lurf rpUo of 6 032 to 1
b J t DurnrJO for ttl(J t'I() high-pre cure lurbopurnp
J h two low fJIO urf turoOf)Ufrlf)
rve
(o r
(leJ
furbanu'".)

"

1hI

n ement allow

lower

arra 9

zlOlzcr duct Wh n pre sunzed WIth gaseous oxygen

A p~OO uPI"' IUn Y5wm ccumulolor I attached to mo I(JYI'r"l~;~~;' ~OOd y tom pr
ur 0 tuauon GOX Ilow into the
(GOX)
Ih h. I "'011"ng" r COli tho Cl(.lImui Illr do
III 01 which
to bll h til LOX/GO X In terrace pia ne, Th e
(ti!.J,nul(IUIIl
WI Y.1.to tfH(lll~tl Itl!) no of n In II rted tnndptno,
\0 flng
XlflrlU GOY. I reconden oc to lO;l. In mo v tl'cl, o;l.l(flLOr "od
~ .tf rn
uti ~ pr

ur,

((1bud

", U,fi fJfOP( nom wnk, nd higher pump

P'

rnl)~;l:

0)(llll2 t rl'Jw
d ~_ d t d th h h
ure
lOX 0'110' J CIt 11)0 la'll f)rf f uro Ol.ld'7r r tU,txifltlrrlr) (l,(>()1 fl) I. 110 VI 1 ttlrough tho low pro ' uro OXI izer uc an
a Ig -pre
J
OKldlz , turhrJPurnr> (I II O r,~). riff ttl n rJIJt Into mom
0, ,I VOl I bror)ch fiovi 1tlO m In flow (about 89 porcent) conn nue
011 ttlr(JII(Jll uio mnln Ox,rfIZt,
I tl,'
"AO J) ntl 1110 'TI In 1111' alar Ulto tho m in combu hon ch mber (MCC). The fir t branch
"flPh. t OX b,'CkIII dllvO Iho I PO I P Iw bu,' (1 h' Iurbmo dloohargo flo Ii I mo, go d Nith tbo flu m p ou Ipu I It ow. bo u nd fo r th e
IIPI) I I' ) A '<ICond
bIOI,' h "'~pItOQ I OX 10Ih~ h I oychr.n[la, cod 10 b~ {f~ Iliod fld U 00 to pro urlze tho ol(idizor tank In the
0
L I flU Ih ("'0 """,,,I 1"1 A th"d h' 111<11 (II P rcont) .upplto Iho P' burner oxknzor boo I pump. located at tho bottom of the

"Oi'l

IIro I r ""

,h. P'O, 'uro 01U, oXldl~or 10 boul 6,"70 PSI lor Inloellon Into Iho prohurnel'8, The preburner
ox.dl, I now
olltr ..lI. d hy II." OXI!lrzOlp'ohurnor oY-ldl~'J'lal/(J (OPO:/) ondlho !lJol proburnor oXldlzor valve (.:POV) Actin
tOg Ih I, Ill' V " I Ill! It lh. UIIII I II VI I Avllno 1000. tllf I r 'OV rro,tln tlitn a (, 03:i. to 1 rn IlIl uro m tlO In th 0 MCC Add
9
br
Itlonal
fiu nch
'Flow down lit orn ,uf)"h, (,OX t(J Iho Ih.... uom nt, d purk Ignlbon y tom
"1011

I".

Pl""I'

Ill' ,. P

Ii

klquldhyd,ogon ntn, I Iho low fl'o, lira Iy I lurbo(lllllill (LPI II') II lIow Ihrou h tllfi I
Iv I lurilopurnp (IIPI r p), 1I1f hlllh 1"0 10 fuol VUCI, .nd UI!) 'n In fuol 101,,(; (M~"V) U ow P'O .ur? fu I duct, Iho hlgh-pre
ur
In vi, d nd d~wn Ir .m IrOlll h 10. Nllhoul III Ul.hon Iho hYdro fin
II'
J
P to Ihl POint tho fuel Y!em ha been
lit dlffu ,wit,
HI lIow pili InlOIh, PlIh.. r h. II;
go 1 lOw,
( 10 Worm nd 0 fltfle 1h hydro
n
nd Ih n on I'J dn", lit IAlf' f J' I)mr 'UlIIII hunt Ulr I I'f ~ 11~llr~:~
p:rC!lf1') load upward throuOh tho 430 MCC c2~lan~o~ entera
Imk In UI t.:T whilo Iho '~'il.lm" " Iii, n ,pUIkt "nil, I Ih
,h'onch
,upplto wano hYdro(lon (10 to pea
nnela
10 n~,
d d" I. II O"~lly In lito ro lin In] elnr I 0')0
rid (If Ih!.! IIGM. 80lh flow mlor to throu h
re
2:e the fuel
PI
('flY! ,(1 Ih'ouuh Ih 1,060 '''lulo I I.
[Oil; III r ,Ih UO '" Ininch d into Iho MCC r I 0 th HOM COolant apacea
~h 'nh ,'"001 III V III (C .Ii) IIu OOrnlJln~,'''o~
I~:r Ilhl;d POlh (40 (J porcont), Which byp'0
COt~d path (27.5 percent)
I~ t
Ibl (. 0 n 10 'Jlllr"I, 2! " I~(llil)
'ft
0 O'IU lit,; proburnol ,Wllh Iho fit
e nO:l:I:l. through the

,;:~~(1

Ul.j prll lUrne, reo Ivlng.

by

far. the

.10

.'

.1S

.10
III

.01

-!

.06

'-

I
-""
u .O~
-....
!.
."

.02

.6

.0 ~OOL800j_-IOOOL_-1.J50-0 -2J..OOO---~1too..1-0

FI'Jr.3.

R.pr'Hnllllvft N. flow turbopumrK,

--:6000~-.-:1C~OO:-:-O-:1~OO~OO:----:-:1~~

0, (Jl.".m tnr can1".uII' and 11'

.1

fll

1(1 J-a

flU

k '"
.
42 \ I. )'

I~'

fi

121~J

.,...

.,..
T,

11l-f 2/.

(11

Si)H02~

\p

7 Jl

kp

ttl

m,

kf\

2 ('211 l{J

1KOlr

2 'J'J 1if 10 l L!

III

) 12(J-

'"

Y,IIlG~-

18',k

I f4(J-

2
<1 In

"1 - Pl
J

tJ!J

2h41JC

'(I

2'

,I

I(totll tllrt)lrlO J>OW(lf

(,

I lid

"lid
j'

1
i'~1
J{) W
ml

'I, JJI~

I~()ultlul)lll(1

12{111 1" W

POW(\!

tlz PI
I Illd

{t

I f) III

J (J \

"'

}'

('
~

J' JlIIJ

1'li,-1~

H 22~, III W

1111 J ~Id
1'01(1

I (JUIII IJl1l11f) J)owOt

J,

I "I

It

I (I W

'I!l

'TI,~ '1,,'1t
Iflah ')'13 our

II 11ft

C)XltJllor turbo

(;101)01 OlflOlollOY

,lum,)

j
(

Jl I

((_It. i

"'I

.1

2
,.
IH 'I I f) I'lt

... t,

\
t(

')

!l

41.73

Ib

92"-'
I

kH

8 ,(,S-

.;; 0.76

ll[naJIl

'1bOOst'

-:; 072

Real pump power

P7 - P4

IDS . P5 - P6 == 1.666 x 11,7W

'TlboOst

f'

Liquid Hydrogen circuit

Low pressure oXidizer turbo pump
12 -~ 13

m 12;== 155 ~

1'12 :" 30p,j

p 11

2SH1'"
lg
7267 :

~.

In

J1

HIS I'.

I 77') x

J(J

r. Pa

Jh

m 1J'
I~j

155 (J

!'\

7() ,07 g
i'

l.)

71

/
J(l"W

Idoal pump power

:= ~,')
fJ pul:: 2 J 112;.: ) 0 (JJ W

Real pump power

/~

= 2.()(.& I

70.107 kg

J )21

IIIJ2"'p

..
'r'
I1

I)

High pressure oxldl zer turbo pump

14 -) 15
P]4 ': 25Mpsi = I .779 x 1() h Pa

I>15 := 5(151'
., up I. = 41 107 x
t

J ()

7 I)a

....-.
" ,os~

19~:::6 S71k8
-,6'"

2
J

a.(,of ~ s ,..;0,2..2

b16 :::4072 5 10 ;

'" ((' ~ -:::22. 2,()

b (,tt) :.:
tt1:= 232..$)

~/6

...

8 'Iv) :.s

()J~

Y1~-:.

l~~"
')1

-HPHTP

H+
:::-0, ~B2~

,{j:::-

~f2..

'!{.j --

I( Sb:r-

> ~ 6)63~
1>.s -:::: 0,131

dell

*'
,,4M"

"

(t ,I)4()

l4M1

()",,1('

~W"\

t 74()

I 2(t

t
I

11(111)

til"
'111

"1

l\\ll

It'}')
~I~'I

" ill
!).1

,'1\

I'"I}

(,(lit'

1'1'(")

n: ,)'I,

I
I),llli

1111) I

J III II) \,

IJ

''I

II 1'"

Jt'llt

II S/~

11"11 I)}I"
I t"1 I)f./tl

I)II'}

I~'irl

1)1'"

\
)\,

\\

'\

I, I

"

) ,)

,),\

II ~\ }

\ \

1 t}
1\ I Jf\

'. '\'\1
\el"'\

11 ~\Jl

IJ .~,

I) 1 1\
(ll)'),

,,))~

I,,h.,

J I '11'111.1 1111 I I I

\\ \

I Ib

-"

~,

\\

1"\

1\1)1

,\

f I ()" I

()~l

1 \'

'-

, \' \ \
\ tv'
~, t"
1~,
, ,,' , ,\

ZII/'}
tlll,'1 1)1\""
1
1
"tIl
l~I') 1,, )1 (11 )
flll~ ll)ll)
U 'e)1 1\ 111
1/'"
,Ultl
" j~t II)})
11 r) 1 I " \ " ~,I I) ~, I
I J '1'1
1 (I \ 't I (I I ~ '\ II'(,
'I('~ I ~II'I III/II" r}I()
tl lit

d~

I \"t\
) t\ ,~
\

1111 llilln

'fJI'I

IJ1'J

1.111)

,'\\

.nl

t,

1"1'1

I~

,\

\,,.\l ,

I \

~,;

-t-

...

.c'
lie:;
.~

lie

l
.....,_

r.11t

oJ

~ lei

,..~

\~

~J-

r/")

"+

01'"

G:l

I""

",

Ii)

c::

()

';ij

~IS::

Is::

II).J

_.. -.

.J'

r:1C:
i-

~I",

r: C"
.. ..;,_,'

r. I ;:

+-

ol~
a

,...
...

'"

.;..

'it

....

"'T"

<'\

vJ

14

...

C'4

u ~~I"
f:

"
a
-=-Q,
"':

...a

:::

-e -.::...."

,...c

.I

cr.

._
o
~.

-9

.....
-4.

-1-_., ~

-~-

I(Z)

U) >.
1.-.0----'0

...

r:

t':I -<II

c... .-

0"0

...

F3

er4.o

r-

I'

C~~-~--~-L~~~~~~~~o
CO')

...o

CD

'fi,..'Eu
-o-

!_-jN

- -

III

lJ

X ,..
U

+ -

-4---;'1:

II

....

co

~]

'"
C

-...

:..

...

l
--t--

..0

..,

-oc:
<J

'-.-..
II';

tI

e'"
Q

co

(0

_.I ..

Dad relad'"
n
ao

propelleJlte:
1'0(1{)

5
o 3()40 8.486e-

294
4'

0.00 2

0.000

d
llI4....
'TempO cb COlllbuSttOne 245
26 1487.
29
O.
I'll111 3
00
IIIIpul50 ,otaIe 500 M 5
Jlb '" 1740
k!7
PI' lone In CI)lIlera - 50 bar
I'rCSS
arnblenle 1 013 bar '1 ::::1.26
lone
\ golo adatlato
t\f

0.98

c1p 20

fO

stella a 6 punle, grano neul

s\ o\gimcOto
l(.
DaIle ",Iollom viste Uloulo si nCll\'8 qUllllhl ;.:gUC
CF
1497

clmls)

r (cmls)

C (roIs)

2317.0
Ab (lnl)
55.989

Is (s)
2364
Mb(kg)

2
1541.8
21580
At
(ro
)
0923
m (ig/s)
0278
f (kN)
899 2
etto bisognn
2083
PCI
110''81. 1fl,'cCAlle preslD1ioo a ICIOperatum d,,cr..a da quclla di prog

20}.14
De (Ill)
1.494

6.295
web(JIl)

0.222

nscn\'crc la prcssion di cquilibri

l"nelldo conto del folio c he adess , rl,peltO 01 caso '1'10 a IC/lonc, anche c' illpcndc dn lin press ionc.

l')oOCI)i.lo
r c n 1>':

c.
con::0 C'= 8Pt~86c.5 .'1 ( 0 002'
'

sr ~c' = 14R7 cxp ( 0 0002 an. n =0 3010ed m= 0 002(\

dalla condlJlone di cqwlibno m b -- In ,

JJ~

II,

I I-n-m)

.oil

lIb

~lotucnc

I)boe'

;l~~
:'~::I )::rt~1

ionc III camera s

~::I;:)I tnCfl~:u il tcmpo dl
.1 1 I risuhnu

I1{IC11\'uta In nuovn

PICS
".

'O,:,~~~~,',l~
:IcICHninar c I nu," I\ ulon di r, c'

c ',:

b-

Temperaturn r=-40{)c
p,(hnr)
I 221

c (nlls)
2247 I

r (cHt/s)

tb (s)

0771
I,(s)
229.3

Ito:(MNs)

28.7

c*(nlls)
1528.357

Cf'
1.470

F(kN)
1687

~kg/s)
750.8

F(kN)

m tkg/s)

111

48493

Temperatura 1'= 40~C

pc(bar)

153 132

t (011 )

2337676

r(Clllls)
0.977

tb(S)

Is (s)
238.5

1~(MNs)

22.7
50.447

c*Cnu's)
1554.0

2224

951.7

,,

.9. "
2 "
l

,.

ciA
..

l'iI- 6.

(oaIY

). SevCfOl

.,Ioo&Jthi:

with.

pOII1 breD
d the stat ~t
IC'-cral IJobct hAS
of CombaJlUO 'and f1) wi
be nif;kn1iCli..:. fll'lrc.
:..c pDlure
me ., I,
(tolD a~'..
tar (I:' sed
Ula

of Ibe: pi' mi' haSIC

taJ1(C J.
be inctC8
I. In'
cal to thr sa c O'\'d a diS
web
can
lion
of
J.
v
fiDel is ~~~Idba ('. ~urfl noralion, the i\1ng S as a (un'0 obtain
fil1c:t ....hic
JIll" initial. pc: of the curve g
be selected t
2. ,,'ith t~C:lsathe:bc-ginnlng ic length to .
~

dra..

tJ out altcru g tb ch:Ir.&elcriSl

bases:

\\1 I
that C
I
CSS1VC P
t dlSIt roll()~
l.~tionshj~J..~d" .dr.d in t\~OSuCC h3~epot yro
al
"
ionlt'SS blJ.~lion
re
dun(lu
can be traigbt star points
1 nn"lgrcs-S. \rc, ncUlr
1
3. TIle com
basel the s.
{5\ S ean )C r-. the finl P
U3UOll
J'
.L dunng
according to cq
value oro.
d
appeared
and,
nding
upon
rhe

'.
pearcd
an
,
rC53
reg
l\'c, depe
. 1.., have dlsaP h' can be
or
tbe ~Iar pOln
rogressivc (1 III
ihe q;cond pl1iU e, mes strclngl}' 1)
tcr diameters).
b dunll~ t1

Lral15)OOn,
..S bc(".0 lcng \ "t
a tile OU

I'''.

(7

. tile gral11
Sncutra-I'lZC d bv tapcnJlg
110n)\'

alter

u1

I
I

"

I
..
I
I

J
I

I
I
J

I
I

.i~
..6.7. lldinilion

()f

the dim

J>:lrlllnetm of an inleo,n1 ..buming Ilnr ..

After\\'arru, when the burning frnllt has ,acht:d lhe \va11, "clati\trly
.imporlant tail-off takes place. Table 1 gives, in a dinu!,l\siolllcss form,

the burning perilnctcf .'Ill during the first and second pha$CS. the port
area Al'fl2 during the lint ph3$(' and the' sliver area .,11JI~during tile
secolld phase;\$ funclion, (,r the reduced burnt distallce {y ,.../)/1 and
or the various d~isn P;lf;lIncten. Lei us callD lhe value nf 8 for which
neultlllity is achic\'cd during the first phase. Table 2 giv" the valUI!3
of (I for n rangil)g fr()n11 to 12.

... ..

.- 1 01:J)af

0.
P

1'lF :::::0.98
4.

1.26

kg

.- 1740'" ...

Pb'-

tb ::::2$
It :== soMN s

r0:== 294K

(J

.:;::

p'

III

0.002

cO::::: 1487

Pc :== S()bar
Tb:== TO ==294K.

(f

.:;::

0.0002

Pe :== PO == 1.013)( 10 pa

(Tb - TO)
t.,T:==

==0

rn 1:== 0.0026
nl :::: 0.304
,.
-)

$I::: 8.48610

1. Performances at design temperature

Endoreactor performances

"'{+1
2{"'t -1)

r:== {;.
MN

== 0.66

2
1+1

r
.=

MN

2"1

Pe

1-1

Pc

" "'t

....I

c ~T
a := aOe P
==8.486x 10- 5
(j~T

cprim:"
. .- c Oe c

= l.487x

10

ml

._ c
Pc
star- prim Pa

m
._s

= 1.548x

3
m
10 -

== 1.497

Adapted nozzle

V := ~
FM

= 2.083)(

10(' N

t\)

\' _ gl)l). \64

kg

...s

1\\\) ~:: :- -

Grain geOmetry

Regression rate

A:::

b.

A :::
t

Itl\)

::: 55. }89

t

Burning area

2
1\\

Pb.r

::: 0.2781\\

Total area

l)c'CF

Web thickness

\\ .-= r,th :::0 222111

K :=

l\b

= 201.142

At

contact surface ( Lb is the grain \enght)

The grain

IS

neutral, so S, Ab and ffib should remain constant!

S = llltAB + BC + CD)

constant

~(AB + Be) = -l.!CD

dt

tit

AB curve
center' 0
radius. I+y+f
opening angle

= I+y
(1 - g). ~
1\

1t

i\B _. (1 ~ \ )-( 1 -

:)--;
e

center: 0
radius: y+ f :: Y

1{ -

1\

1\

__ +_opening angle. 2
n

(1 - s): - - 2
n

f -~ - - -

e
1\_

1\

- + --2
n
2
CD segment:

CD :: 0 If Y ::

w
1T

If CD:: 0 : 1'

E'-

= \V-cos

e
::\\'-CO

e
2

1\

1\

1\

S = 2n (1 + ~')-(l - e) - + )"
n

- +

1\

E---

+ I

.-

- y-cos

sm('~

S=2.n-l-

n
A

\'

1\

1\

e-

+~. - + - 1 2
n
2

eta
0

~S = 2-n. ~ + ~ _ 8
e
dv
2
- - ctg .

n:= 6

f(8) ==

e+

1
tan(8)

'IT
1\
---

Given
fee)

=0

Fmd(8)

~ 0.58517885342581348574

e
2

1\

+ (1 - )-n

e
2

~:=

0.58

. (1ld

\18
5

e :== odeg,

\0

ldeg .. 90de%

60

40

20

f( e)

1.5
-2U

05

1\

S = 2nl ___.;:.--.;;._+ (1 - e:).n

2

Jt

At

< 05

Ap

e: := 065

D = 1 549nl

MI\

In order to avoid the corrosive cornbusnon

= - - \\ 2

1:= -; - \\ = 0 551 m

I"b:= \ 0.70911\

JI>N.= 0460

sin --2

15

.:!:a-'' ' 40C '" 313 J(

(Tb
To)
t>T .", _
- '" 19.1)
l(

iiiH'A

<r.A1'

~'" aO'c P

'" 8.817)( 1

-5
0

<r c.AT

~:'"

cO,c

:: 1.493)( 10
\
m

1-"I- l

\K a'Cpnm'
kg llb)

6
. Pa - 5 313)( 10 Pa

0_ .fNN'-

n1

"1
In
.-; :: 9.769)( 10- 3 ~

1\1 1

c~
...
.aN-.- C pnm'

Pc

Pa

.-;:= 1.554)( 10
m

nl

~l

Pc
,.. .

-;

,I

1\,

(\

I'u

1t

I'c

1
~

1 \\M
l

\ 1 \'

, (1

,'I
(1

til'

2'~1,()2

P
,\
I

() t

"""t,;'
1
.UN'
Z\

"\\)' l'

,()('~J
JI

M"
\

I (," 1
"

, ,I

kp,

t:

I()

'I l\

I()

, ,

in KJl
I

'(l'~
\

,I"

F-.

rC

1'0

..
Pc

,(,4

r
~

!;.

.-

.-

/1M

Pe

___
,

...,_ I

--- ---

---

2""( .

Pc

'"'f

I~

l)c

Pc
,1

l)e

"'t
~:==

11Fr

Pc

2'"'i

,-1

1-

Pc

Pc

l)()

== 1.472

l)c

3
J?,;.= CF'Cstar = 2,25 x 10 fil
s
c

= 229.422

~:= - = 28.744

~:= _
o

o
.

\\'

L.:= nIb'!:

: 1 689 x 10(1N

N!N'
I .= 1~. t b :4,8S5x

107 IIlkg
s

313.151(
Temperature

4.122 .10

7.706 .10-

1
1

CF
t" (5)
m {kg/s)
c (m/s)
F [N)

It

8.486.10-

c
Pc [Pal

Is

7.514.103
1.469 .10

[m/s
c [m/s

15K
233.
5

Measure

2941(

(5)
[Ns]

1.528 .10

1.472
28.744
750.751
3
2.25 .10
6
1.689 .10

229.422
7
4.855 .10

1.487 .10
6
5.106 .10
3
9.23 .101.548 .10

1.497
24
899.164
3
2.317 .10
6
2.083.10

236.265
7
5
.10

8.817 103
1.493 .10
6
5.313 .10
3
9.769 .103
1.554 .10

1.504
22.675
951.687
3
2.338 .10
6
2.225 .10
238.402

5.045 .10

...

eI ,
.......

,~lIh""
I II sptnta torda
1 Ia fl eseral3l8 sui ~ 0
3 I' S1taggi che 51 a\ rebbe1 aggJ
trO
B Iugello e sede rb Ii/I conITibuiO negaflVO aJlo spinto. peraltrO
per
stanJe
d. "eSSl()l12 all'/IIlemD del prOpWSlJre (vedi ftguro sosouo
che tnOS
ta
O
pm11I I!pressl
rel COSO rb Ii/I rurbogetl monojIUS ).

serve ~re

dis

one

Diffu er
I

II

Combu Jon
cham

..
I

1 '"

I
I

, 'lll

" 1"
v , l~l

\{ 1

III

..."

1--'

"\-1 \

,
1\.r

I t, I l

It) 1

,
, : I)

..

Innn'\'

:st n " t r "Up

"Tn

t"

-I

..

l'u

-I

...
- 1

1+

f(Mu)

,-

1
2

0.476
1)0 A
U

1-1

1+

fl.
u

Ill,

.Mu

= 964.857

1,R I'u = 6{)7 ()J4 ~

:=

\"11

'rOll

ll

4().l)()6-

Ou

rr .=

kg

u .f(M ) -

R.rr

2
Mu

.= Mu Cu = 2S4'()S(; ~

Pu
J~,'r

k
= () 9J9 S
,

.=

IllU

III

= 10 (jOe) ~
s

POI -= POu = l x 1()~ Pa

'rOt

= 'rOu = 1 x

10. K

M, = I
('1V~1l

o I()()
117771 )771 () I <)1)1)0U'I 2
K.1
'Ill
'",0

-J

\ kg

, Kkg

\\(

"

1~

,\ '"

,
., ,\ "4,
,~

S, '1'. "\
i ..

.l\)

._.,
I

II

,U

I \\~

\l\ \

I HI\ I

'l~l
t'

l~

'I li - \

(!

I, -

'I;

,,. 10 PI

...

.L

on the cyIinCIIICIIl pIIt

ON

S"'a

=:

(Pap-nn-

Po) Au == ON

1.'"SFa - SFu '" -3.sJi> x I04N

SJ.

(Pupnnl- PO)AI < (PIpnIlI- po) At

". (Pupnlll - PO}(Au ~=

IlI '''(
U

At) > Sfu -

Po) =2 948

+ "t'(PI-

FI
IO"N

Simpl. convergent critical nozzle

~..
POc

loOar

= 1)( = I 6

10 1)0

Pc ,= Ibar

..

1'0 = I x 10 \ K
-y-I

I,

1-1

I .. "1 - I

')
l\~c..

= 0 86

RHI) 14 K

,
....
e

51 COI""den UIlI presa d' aria uP!) ~

1 SI espruna Ja resist_'

addiD-

(CoPJII

da cui di pende

2 SI cons

un Mach eli volo 1.S

.
ale
a 1deri
SI valuti la resistefJZ8 addizion per un caso eli
e
b. Supponendo the l'arC3 eli uscita della presa sia ina
1.25 volle I'area lIP
valuti la portata co
in uscita pres& che detenn
la condiZion scelta..
~

rretta

Resistenza addizionale - Presa tipo Pitot

---.-

<,

"

0.8

<,

"

<,
<,

0.6

<,
<,
<,
<,

~-

02

0.4

080

085

0.90

0.95

1.0
02

o
Da
Do_ulde = POAj
.. II

The

" section.

h "intake
a~ste
Index m

Dn

CDa =

08

Da

_
2'Aj - _1 Po .1.tI.Ai
1
_) POU
1 RTO '1

. "1
POAj

-.Mo
2

..

CD a =

Da -ulde
_')

1MO

"PITOT" Intake

Shape (Fixed geometry)

- fll~htconditions ->
r..1
- ~glneperfromance

Intake perfroma nce

Ed ::

Pl 0

- <1
Po 0

The "_0" index marks a total dimension (e.g. "p 0"

Flow coefficient

IS

the total pressure).

Refference debit

subCritical condition':
1/'1) <. 1
The "NS" Inde stands for "Normal Shock Wave".

I Ions:
supercritical cond't'

'PI)

1 n cO

0..

lp-Po)~
o

upstream or I)oINI1strea

D. "Sf. _ SF?

fIOII1 the ShOCk wave?

Upsbeam

po) _ilion'" Ao(PO - PO)

Da" m o"'j -r ",-(P. SF"

ro:" - Ao(P - Po)" (p_tilde - pol

p_1lkIt

"p-l! - 1-";J

D2 "",-(P._u111e - PO) - AfJo(PO_ulde - PO)

A1

I)~_Wde = -.PJ

PrJ

I + '"l' A. 2) -

(Dt
TI)1

.M02 -I

'-d'S =
-I

1"t"J

MO

",---:-'1--':12

~ 2

~I

'"l-I

,
.,-1
I+

_. PI

Pl 0

Po PoO-

1+

, _ 1 ~'" 2

J""U

...,- 1

2 M1

11\ 1 nl .0

I), Ai '( ) p()_OA() t'(M )

-;:::=.1 M =.
_. o

o
I

R.'f.

R:r() 0
-

Becausethe Intaketo 0 transformation is adiabatic:

2. Subcritical Intake
MO gIven, Mi changes -> What range?
MO = I 5
MO

MO

= 1.75

= 15
Intake surf ace - reference

M,

< ~1.1
uw

Mach Downstream of W ave

Referenc e gas constant

Po

1ann

Reference

ext ernal pressure

M 2
() (1- I) , 2

l\1d\\ .-

"I

M 2
() - (')-

1)

n 7() 1

-o "

TO 0

2
1 u...
J1+-"-U

'dNS:= -

reM)

1+1

1+

2(,-1)

1-1 _2

M-

Pi

-> -

Po

function of

(Mo,Mi); 'PD(Mo,Mi);

Da

"'1
1-1

1 2
1
1+ - M
2
0

= 2.676

ell"

PI .= l>() PI + ...,- 1 .M. 2

\
2
I

f)

'1 ._ PI
a_tt de - -.
1)0

C ):::
J

2 I)
e:

.)
a_tl de

...,.M(}

+ 1M

::: () OR

- lpO,,MO - 1 :: 0.126

tilde(Mo,Mi)

Adlab.tlo transformation
I entroplo t rarlsforn18tlor,

(il\ Cit

I III I (M
,,~ I
, (~11)

1)

0 l75
tl I()M

On c n none ttl'

I (~tI) c Itl Irlu Wlttlillf

t

"~It'"~ Intt flow doUlt

eli"

l)"'_k

T ::2IBK

r::: IJOOK

.....

Dado

'lye::

f.G=loo

n
t,y!

b:::

=085

0.96

a.,,= 14.7
H :::43100 k)/kg
JSlibde
a CI)iIIbt

Cp

T (K) ]/(Icg J{)

9-l6 + 0.1884

..1K

T--

I:::

~t'

6'
604 .)
591 80
592 31
5923)

(k11a.y~

I 0003
10301
I 0289
1.0289

50 332

n0

T z(K)

Cp
'Jt.I'I/T{)

') 00
- 33
43990
, 15

R' :: R ( 1+ (l.06 A)

. 7535 T(K J/(kg J{)

.,_ c-+A ( 54.418 +

c gas cmnblJstl Cp _

R ::: 287 J/(k8 K)

Cp(T1J):::

I..e =3) 3.1085 kJlkg

I 1627 kJ/kgIK

R' = 292.43 J/kglK

,

Cr

T K)

(1:11kgft.
J 2363
I 1892
I 1877
1 I p;J6

84284
82832
82783
82783

]'K
131)00

IOil51
i 164 16
I 391

::: 24ii 96 kWfr.g/s j = 2 3259

q;
n v., gh VJh glCVh
_5E..(jcA 2% 21 g 2

TJ 8= 0 2RI

1,.-,

i) EFff.:l1'O DELLE CO

rDIZIONI AMBIENTE
"--"'::m!o the nelle condmom dl progeuo ilturhoalhc[(l
ano d. combusubile.

dcbba Iornire 900 kW,

'.
81

valutino 18 portata d ana e il

pocT.LandD pm che Ia tern peratura massi m [I ,1111InI ssib] IC Sill 140(1 K. c che il num ern di giri dell 'util izza tore
su:nerare" 1(15%del \'alorc di progeuo, si valutino consume orarin e potcnza nelle segucnti cOndizi en
T = 2?~K, p = 0 95 bar
T = 21J K p I bar

r = 3rt

non

=
P = I bar

K
T = lJ5 f)' P = (J 98 bar
J

man!encTf In\'aTl''tJ

Ie !:Gtrella

-'l.o.....v;:.~~..iI.J

J} REG{)I.,

Zf(j~E

Jl!C~71()1lJ In regoJallonc

"

J1 M, h)'

-...I.,_iO~
M!

il'Y~bero

ac

I
(I

vo o,

'I
I IlUI"CI ()

per I scgUCnti cusi '

.

di gir i cur re Iti dell 'Uti lizzat ore e la

IlOrtata di

FIuJds

panameters
Hj := 431()()'IO

Fuel'

3J

ii

T
J
cp(n-= 946 + 01884-K .-kg.K
1 + fist
Gas fuel

~Q)-=--

1+

R (I

RJ>run((.l)

006A(u

1.1 Compr ion

P'_O

= Po

lc=c

(r
.
J) 2_0 - f}

0)

= c p)1

Ie = c r
p 1_o

t3c

-cp

- 1

1-1

6t'"

'lye

-1

___ --:-.

cp(TJIl) 'lye _ 1

I3c

Lc~cp(Tm).Tl_0

I..
c
T2_0 ~ T1_() + cp(Tm)

'J'rll = 440 J 53 K
2

cp('r m) = ] 029 x

]0

3 n1

K'$
'['2 0 .- 2 T m - T 1 0

= 592.306 K

P2 0 .= ~1cPI 0 = 9 x ]0 Pa

2
5m

= 3.13] x 1()

2
s
1.2 Burning

'1'n1

._

.pnm -

r2_ 0 + 'r3
2

()

= 946.153

01

m :: m h'Q

IN-- A(Cl) :: 0.306

2

Rpim( 0) :: 2921.67

.In

Ks2
2

rn
Rpnm(o) =292267-2

Ks

= cp(n + A. 54.418 + O.07535'!.' J

K kg-K
1.3 Expansion

I,t

= c p_prlln . ('I.3_ 0 -

Lt = C

"

T 4 ()) -- c,
T
p
_pnm' 3 O

p_prim 13 () I _

T1n2yrim ~

- 2

Tmynm
T myrim

= I ()6;j x

IO K

1-1_0-= 2 Tmyrun -1'3_0 = 828.043 K

3

= 1.188 x

cp_prun ()Tm_prun

n1

10 K s2

1.4 Cycle performance

Work:

L .=-

NW

lmt

1+0

. J~l -

_2.'t07 x 1(}5 n1'c

llrl1c
2

Specific consumption

qs =

.J

rate:

b =_
1
p
Q. I~
J

qs'::: Q.L

= 8.253

x 10- & s2

kg

m -: - = 3.739L
5

p (power) and m b (fuel debit) runction ot

_ambiental conditions:

Po and TO

_ control variables if physical variables, constant

_technological limits of the engine
The engine performance is studied in regard to ambient81
behaviour of the other vanables involved in the engine
J>

as

constant

Engine's technological limits

_"star 11

I)

FrO ()
FJ'

0 Ostar

< 1 05

T3 Ostar
T
To Ostar
0_0

star'= 9()OlOW

288

273
O_Ostar '=
300 K

0.95

"I'

315

PO_Ostar:::

1
1

0.98

referen

n::=l

cevalue

0.974
TO_0stA!.:: 1.021
nstar .:;::n
.
- TO
1.046
3

).3 x 10

I.232)( 10 J(
3
1.354 x 10
3
1.422 x 10

TO:::
3_ .TO Ostar
TO

1.-

chamber

8.55 x 10

0 1.. 3
I

p. ;= pstar
,....

the buming
exceeds.
it'
4th case
ture
I.m .
The
tempera

Po-Ostari. To -Ostari

8.762 x 10
p=

9.186

10

9.224 x 10

0071
0.072 kg
.o.l~-- qs.P = 0.076 -s
0076

3. Control

-Hypotheses
t.d f:b, llb
I

llyc "y'll cp
I

do not vary with control input

p_pnIn
C

R RPrinl
I

- the turbine (power tur bIne I

n the second case) is critical

- Lc IS proportional to n2
I+ Q

---:

I + ~tar

The InputControlcommand lOwersthe POWerPta half of the value of the design POWer.

1 +Q

-_.
a

I ..llstar

1Q

= ---.:.----

T2 Ostar
-

T 3 Ostar

T3 _ 0

T3 Ostar

T3 Ostar

__m.b

In bstar

(}

P3_(}star

In

.star

o_

Ustar m star

InstarJT3_Ostar

__m

T2 0

P3_0

P3 Ostar

= m:.Jf3j;
P3 _ 0

T3 Ostar
-

The

control Input

Flight condliOns" altitude:

- constant

_constant speed.

z. z_

Mel

Mo.- q

_constant RPM. n1lstar

T3 0

X __:;.-=-T3 Ostar

T
.:
1300K
t..J,AW

"

....

3.1 1 Compression work

Jc

IS

proportional to n2.

T2_ Dstar '= 2, T m - T I 0 = 592.306 K

3 1.3 After bUm pressure

P3_O. Pl_O. PI_O . Po_O .Po. tl"I.\'_'~

P3_O P2 0 PI_O Po_O Po

--=
m Slar

T 3_Ostar

P3 0

P3-Ostar

.-X
I

JJ)j,X) = X

m b'llb1I1 = C

(T3_O - T 2_

p_pnm

()

12 Ostar
1- 1'3 (Jst.ar
= ----:-:.___
1"2 0

x-

1'J

'J 3

()star

(J

x-

.,.

-'12 _()star

3_() - '('2

O)-(m. + m.b)

Jstar

nl

-.---I'slar
star I "tar
III

l\X) :.

'1

~=:

'lstnr

~X) .

III tX)

m'
11\

1(X)

1
._

star 1 star

III (X},I

( ')

X::= I, e 99 .o 7"

-.

'

~'.

III(Xl
.

::::
1

1.OOS
1.01
1.015
1.02 1
1.026
1.03 1

1
1.0 19

0.98
0.97-.

1.03l7

0.961
0.948
0.936

1.057
1.0 71
1.097
1.117

1.048

1.138
1.16
1.18 2

1.054

1.204

1.06
1.066

1.227

1.072

1.274

1.078

1.299

1.085
1.091

1.324
1.35

1.03 7
1.043

.,

1.25

1.098

1.376

1.104

1.403

1
1
1
1
1
1

o.99
O.98
0.97
0.96
0.95
0.94
0.93
0.92
0.91
0.9

1
0.916
0.952
0.929
0.905
0.881

0.89
0.88

0.87

0.83

0.86

0.819
0.808
0.798

1
1

0.85
0.84

0.83

0.857
0.833
0.81
0.786
0.762
0.738
0.714
0.691
0.667
0.643
0.619
0.595

0.923
0.911
0.899
0.88
0.8 75
0.8 64
0.85 2
0.84 1

0.787

L----

1
1
1

1
1
1

0.98 1
0.962
0.94 3
0.92 3
0.904
0.884
0.864
0.8+1
0.82 4
0.803
0.782
0.762
0.74

o.
0.884
0.864
0.8+1
0.824
0.803

o.

0.762
0.74

0.697
0.676

0.719
0.697
0.676

0.654

0.654

0.82

0.572

0.631

0.631

0.81
0.8

0.548
0.524

0.609
0.586

0.609
0.586

0.719

1.111
1.118

1.431

0.171

1.459

0.766

1
1

1.125

1.488

0.756

0.79

0.5

0.563

0.563

1.132

1.518

0.746

0.78

0.476

0.539

0.539

1.14
1.147

1.549
1.58'

0.736
0.726

0.453
0.429

0.516
0.4921

0.51

0.77
0.76

1.155

1.612

0.716

0.7S

0.405

0.468

0.468

PI (X) '= pex)

111(X) .= ll(X)

0.492

corrected power:

The control input command changes T 3 0

Flight condrtlons:
_constant altitude: z

= zslar

_constant speed: MO = MOstur = 0

~.=

1.163 x 10

BOOK

f ...:= 1.029 x 10,1 m 2

IT'f"'

Ks
Variables
- nGG gas generator RPM
- ~c compression rate
X

T3_O

T 3_Ostar

Ks

_ constant user set RPM IlU = llUstar

~=

Pcstar := 9

tltstar := 8.64

In Oidelto

3 2 2 EXpansIOn

nm

Lc =X
~

T, 0

-_ = 1 - X

I} _0

12 Ostar

-I
II 0s1ar

32 3 Afie" bum pressure

P3_0

fie

3.2.5 Expansion ratiO

Po

P3

()sI8t

,k{X)': X
'f 2_0 _

T 2 Ostar

1_0

T 1-Ostar

_ 1 + x

T _10(X):= 1 + X. 2_Ostar - I
2
T 1_0star

T 2 ()

2_0 =

r - .r 1 0
I 0

nl.

m star

(~
'- X
t cstar

Po

ficstar

)-

1+
__
.Ltg
Jstar = 11mtstar Ostar
L
0star

star

._ 2.32

T20star
- T 3 Ostar

-=--.::..-_

x-

1'2 0

T2 Ostar

'I'

] _ X. 2_Ostar
l'
~X):== _
3_()
X _ T2_O(X)

r3

..--.

m.b

tl

m .bst8f

Ostar

___

Ill,

11\.star

JJl;J.X):" o(X}!U.(X)

__p =
Pstar

.--

m, star Lstar

,UX):::: m,(X)L(X)

11
m.hstar P
__..:--=
.--

~X)::::

1
1l1.b(X)

.p(X)

1
.-

f, l~

~..59~

589.263

586.22
583.171
580.134
577.091
574.()48
571.00s
567.962
564.919
561.876
558.833

9.~
8.862
8.723
8.586

0.99

8.45
8.316
8.183
8.052
7.921
7.793
7.666
7.54

0.979

0.969
0.958

8.31~
8.243
8.112

0.953

7.98~
7.856
7.729

0.948
0.938

0.928
0.918
0.908
0.898

0.888

0.gS4
0.969

7.605
7.481
7.359
7.238
7.119
7.001
6.884
6.768
6.65 4

7.415

0.878

7.292
7.171
7.05

0.869
0.859

543.617
540.574
537.531

6.931

0.84

6.814
6.698

0.831
0.822

534.488

6.583

0.813

531.445
528.402
525.359

6.469

0.804

6.357
6.246

0.795
0.786

522.316

6.136

0.777

6.541
6.43
6.31 9
6.21
6.103
5.99 6
5.891

519.273

6.028

0.768

S.787

516.23

5.921

0.76

5.684

555.79
552.747
549.704
546.66

1.888

8.64~
8.508

0.85

0.911
4
0.95
0.931

0.938
0.922
0.907 ..
0.892...
0.877...
0.861....
0.846
0.831
I

0.816
0.802
0.787
0.77 2
0.75 8
0.74 3
0.72 9

0.908
0.886
0.863
0.841
0.819

0.797
0.716
0.754
0.733
0.711
0.69
0.61
0.649
0.628
0.608

0.71 4

0.588

o.7

0.568

0.68 6,
0.67 2
0.658

0.548
0.529

0.644
0.63

0.491

0.51
0.472

0.5

1541

O.

0.35

1615
1

0.4

J 115

0.396
1

0.3

1.41

0.358

0.271
0.25

o ,I----t----::;,j

06

0-1

0.8
P1(X). P2(X)

.....

.. 1.00
~

10350 kaaII\a
b) IriI

bUltl

c,r,,' c, + A (54.418 +
IG

,)pi CA)III

lJLT An ON..D

1.409

.-,nI,r
UK)
1(,l ~
f)fJJ( 2JrI-)
fliJ{

J ttl( 4(K)

r_t (K)

')~)2.1

848.1
P t /pO
3.075

II

plot 4/pO
~i21
(\.

~ 211

" ()J2

17 ()1(j

'1 l~( jl/~S'

I
tJj~" ~ ,,)lJ
J

I) }(Ig

1(1
..

Ill)

Ij 4118

7"

J'I

r.(Kr

lllkcnl/kg)
? 174582
(lll
~.721
lin p
0447

w t(m/s)

262.39

ptot_ t/pO=l.60S

T e(K)

632.7
EPR
S64

3.

w e (m/s)

902.5

Me-

1.797

577.2
1ae(m/s)
In (mls)
660.9
624.6
(k,~1h/daN)
q s(kg/tt/daN) q se 5'
1.083
1.060
etRtg (ugcllo ad attat 0)
0.210
IU

1IJ()NAMI'NTt) l~PR.~STAZIONIOF."-DE IG

'. 11~,I,cndvche
..,
nle
I .110 MB iuco e ~el1lphcemenlo:com erge
.
..
,I1;~V()rodJ compre>sione sia proporzionale al quadrato del ~umero dl gin
I vu I(}Jl d I '1) t,)
,
di progeno
calori specifici costam; dei gas e rapporto di PO!1a1a turblnalportata
IJn) qUt:111
} ~ If
, fd fin 3 di fUllliollsmelllO

,I

,II

1\

1/1

1):/

'il

compressore

uilia .pmta lorda correua al variare della manelta

e ~d()clI:ldl j1rogetto si valulino le prestazioni lorde e nette al variare del nUmerl dl airl
qU'11Il e nUlllero di giri di progello si valutino Ie prestazioni lorde e neUe al varlare del MIClh dl vola

qU<)t

3 4.1&4J

Fuel:

Hj;= 10350-10

Air:

T
J
c (T):= 946 + 0.1884- .-

Gas fuel:

kg

kgoK

1 + <lst
~Q):=--

1+Q

cp_prim(T,a) := cp(T) + A(o)

54.418 + O.07S3S.!.

K kgK
Rprim(Q) := R( I + O.06A(Q

s
T
10 - ]
1_0 .::: TO ] +
.M 2
2
0::::

262.473 K

Tm:= Tm +- TO
Lc +- 0
Tm2+-TO+

lK

while ITm2 - Tml > O.lK

Tm +- Tm2
R

Lc +- cp(T m)' T I O

ac cp(Tml'

'1m = 412,954 K
c ('[' ) __

~
3
P m - 1.024 x 10 m
~

-r2_(J := 21'

'r

1_0 == 563.435 K

'lyc - I

SPa

::::5.305)C 10

1'20'

.:::: AC' P1

P2_~ ::::17.682

SID_
:=:

3.081)( 10 2
s

i3cstar:= f3c

1.2 Buming
P3 0:= cb'P2_O

5
:::5.04 x 10 Pa

T2_O+T3_O =906.iI7K
Tm_prim :=
2
m
0.=-

m.b

o := 0 Guess value.
Given
'T1bHj =(1 + Q),cp_prim(Tm_primta).(T3_O
Find(o.}

0.:= 53.175

NW

A( 0.)

= 0.292

A:= A( 0.) = 0.292

2
I),rim(Q) = 292 022 m
2
s K
2

~~= Rprim(Q) :: 292.022 In

2

S K

(1
P_prlm m_pri,n'Ct)::
.

1.153 x 103

2
In
2
S

_O)

- T2

-1,
Tot0:-

l'

IO~ m
,

Sp..:-== l.l12~

ur

nl

K -

)\

pnm .-

:p

P prim
_R,
-l'Ol1l

- l.~ ._

1nce
1.4 Cycl. pertonn
Work:
I+Q

p
L=-II'I1mt'
m,

,k;= 'I1mt'

.Lt-

1+
Q

.Ll -

1'Jme

I .L
T'lmc

Le = 104.019

Specific consumption rate:

Global efficiency:

11 :-

q .11. - .277 x lOs I

2
m
52

anti

Critical
1prim+l
'prim-l

2
rprim:=

'1prim'

"'I

rpnm

+t

= 0.722

I),rim
(\ 1 I

I~

prim

,I U
::

'4 (J

. Rprinl ')'4 0
-

'I I ()
-..._

-.

l'J ()

.-.
AI PI

J .,.

.. - J
2

2
MI.

f AI~

) 2)

J
J
J

"

:II

)471

~cstar::::3.564
cPR
p

::=
PR
star

(.l

t-IC

T 1 Ostar:== T 1_0

(In 0 .

T I Ostaf
" 3 Ostar

EPRstar'

Assuming:

N Design conditiOns)

At:=

2
101

,
-I
prIm
_"':_--'ll t
Q

Al := rprinl' Q+I

R
--At'(3t
RpriIll

"prllll

- 0 844 m
- ,

Relationbetween ~c and '}') 0:

1-1
m cp T I 0
_"':__":;:-::::_,

11

'c

1 1Yc

- I
11)1111\

'\
lpllll\

~r3_0

I~c

IS

proportional to n and Lt is proportional to T 3_0' 1-

, . -I
pnm

--=-_.1lyt

f3t

'prun

function of r3 0 (Critical nozzle).

Pt = Pc

->

I..t is proportional to Lc

->

n=--

{flO
1.05 I 095 0.9 0.85 0.8 0.75 0.7)T

n.= ())
X{n) := n

X(n)

"3 0

= - -_
r I {J

2
n is proportional to

T3 0

which. a

~,..t ..71\

"t~\n, "t
\\ \,t,\1 \

ngin;g. the input control:

t ~
I'l

'\

t\
\\t

III
t\

f\ 1 ) \

t ru t

l'l
'"

\1

ft

I 1 \

...

t
-

\\e

2 1prilll
0

1prim -

RT) 0

_ ...

1priIn-

--

RTI 0

1prirn

~ncritical

,
\\'e = \\'t

For the critical case: t:::e

T4 Ostar

RprillloT4_~o I _...

--

1~-

--

= 0.891

3 Ostar

2'1prim .RprimT4 _
0
1prim-I
RoT _0
I

I
0

I
lprim-1

-_--=-_-(3

lprinl

ncritical

- prinl Rprim
.Iprinl _ I I{ . 1-

~pnnt '.-

-_....!.....' 1prim
--' -1

= 1.055

Pncrilical 'prim

K n .-'- K"prim h ::;0.94

m e we

='

m- R.l'

1-0
PI 0'1\ . Kn'

S
PI_ 0"\ t

__

:: 2.052

m.\.....we

PI 0'/\
-

+ Pt
PI 0

T I _0 - ru .car( I ).Kn .-,/X(ll)

r:-;-;

__Lc so 2

LC)1Ir
12_0-I
Lc cp 11_0 TI 0

~n) :: n

1 n,
,_ 1 ') I.:

Turbine:
I+ o

--

(.\

I =C
"1

= con~lanl

p_pnm

Tj..O.1-,-

~ is fixed because the nozzle Is

critical.

_-

II

m.Jtar

P3 0

____,-=---.

T3-Ostar

P3 Ostar

T3 0

P3 0

:--

r3cstar

p3 Ostar

f:d

f3c

= constant

f(MO) = constant
Prj :: CQnstant

P3(jn) = P3~O
P3 Ostar

P 3rI "'._--

Ge(n)

fiestar

f3c .~
1
~cstar

are

.. 991

P ar

laj
laj(n) lajstar
1
Pt

1 .1I + 'lprim

Po
) -m
.
( ).:::

Wt(n)'

1+

8J

Po
iprim'

1- - -

Pt

] -u
Ia e
- aJ

.
- Ustar
1a..tar := laJstar

1 + Qslar

1+

---'\\'('

O~tnr

_-I (0)

Po

1-

- Ustar

Pt

Tprim
laslar

fa

lastar
I + Q .\vt(n)'\"tstar'
Q

1+ --11prim

- ustar

Po

'a(n) :=

Iastar

sJ
Sjslar

III .] ,

qsj

IJl,!)lar lajstclf

(Isjstnr

. ~J

-st<lr'(ajslnr
o- I .
aJ

S,(n) := 01 (1I)"OII(n)
I
.,
"'

2.3 Net performance while changing the Mach nunlber t-.1(l:

J"e is proportional 10

..2
11

= COJISfulIl

"'1-1

1+

,-1
I+

T,O
-_ _ I

rI

-:..::._~T,) OS(af
-_ - - 1

. ~'fOstur

2
_::_.-~1- 1

__
J

Adiabatic nozzle:

.rvto

.MO

T J O~lar

I+

T1 0

-_ = 1 +

1- 1

!\10star

2
~-------.

Tt 0

1'"...Ostor

-I

r 1-Ilstar

i.e. for the same work

If ~IO increases, 1'1 0 increases too, while ~c decreases,

produced, if !\-10 increases, the required compression rate is reduced.

Equalingthe power:

Lc

Pc = Pt

Lcstar

=1

l,t
Ltstar

'I'

'1'

3-0

[.Ie

->

3 Ostar

I"cstar

l/tslar

13 0
=1
T) Ostar

~tar

+ I _ T3 Ostnr - 'r2 0
- star
Qstar + I
"
_ 'I' 3_0
2 0

Ck

30

Sl;:ll

-1

2 Osttll'

1'2

OSlfll -

~ r

Lt

I 0

__ PJ_-

POO

fie -

to

Po

~Po
0
_- = _-.:;;.-_
m__
Bcssar Po-0sW'
m

If MO' !hen

!\:decreases.

while

Po-0 inCftlBSes; the effect of the

inCreaSes with MO'

so

msw

"t = 2.c 14 0 1

1_-

~nm

fi

c
P pnm

(r

\\t

-=1

T~_0 = COnst3J1t

because

A _

,.., _ constant

_Pt = Pt P4_O p] 0 p,
Po

P
40P30P
_

_ -_ 0 PI 0 Po
')-_ 0 P1_0 Po_ 0 Po
_0 -- an - I
_
f3
t

-Po is proportional to

ac ~o_0Po

b c Ed Po- 0

E .(1

Po

J __ 1.

Wt

I_!
___
"IJ_ .'

lajstar

1.. 1-

Pt
P()sIar

WtsW' I _

1
8J

18

"0
1-' =

'(laster - USlar

Ptstar

= ~~!l!~star~
__
--lastar

S'I
J

m-l 8.1

= _.....:.,_:':;__
m.stat,lajstar

q star

0') .

3J

is increasing WIth MO because T 2 0 increases, so less heating is required.

o
068 0 7 0,72

4 76
7 0, 0,78 0,8 0,82 0,84 0,86 0,88 0,9 0,92 0,94 0,95 0,96 0,97 0,98

0,99 1 1,011,02 1,03 l,04 1,OS

DIS 0) 0 5 0, O,sS 04 U4S 05 O~5 06 06~ 01 O.l~ 0,8 085 09 095

tAA

105 1,1 1,15 1,2 1.25

02

".
... ...

ri

... ",,,,,...Cftrltn1Q""cn

,_.-. ~ .. ,_. ,.... ,..... ... as... ... CD...

WI'

0000000000

III 1ft
m
CJl.. '" ..
,
aD, 000
00

Grandezzc lorde
1,4

1,2
1
0,8

0,6

IAJ
Od

consg
0.2

o
t-i

r:'l

r-,
r-, U"t
r-,

0'"
-..
0 Q
0

"

,...

(it

r--..
a-

-ro

rrt

(tj

t.n

r-" 0'1 rl
to 00 al

a- 0- - 0 0
CO

('r)

a, In
at

a- o- "
o-

0....
0

0'\

a.
c)

0
~

IYl

0
'""
'""

til
0

.... ...."