ICS

Eonothem Eon Erathem Era System Period Series Epoch Stage Age

INTERNATIONAL STRATIGRAPHIC CHART

International Commission on Stratigraphy
Eonothem Eon Erathem Era System Period GSSP Stage Age Age Ma Eonothem Eon Erathem Era System Period Eonothem Eon Erathem Era System Period Series Epoch Series Epoch GSSP GSSP

Quaternary *

Holocene Upper Pleistocene Ionian Calabrian Gelasian Pliocene Piacenzian

Zanclean

0.0117 0.126 0.781

Tithonian Upper Kimmeridgian Oxfordian Callovian

145.5 4.0 150.8 4.0

Upper

Famennian Frasnian Givetian Eifelian Emsian Pragian Lochkovian

359.2 2.5 374.5 2.6 385.3 2.6

Ediacaran Neoproterozoic Cryogenian Tonian

542 ~635 850 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2050 2300 2500

Precambrian Archean Proterozoic

161.2 4.0 164.7 4.0 167.7 3.5 171.6 3.0 175.6 2.0 183.0 1.5 189.6 1.5

Devonian

~ 155.6

Middle

391.8 2.7 397.5 2.7 407.0 2.8 411.2 2.8 416.0 2.8 418.7 2.7 421.3 2.6 422.9 2.5 426.2 2.4 428.2 2.3 436.0 1.9 439.0 1.8 443.7 1.5 445.6 1.5 455.8 1.6 460.9 1.6 468.1 1.6 471.8 1.6 478.6 1.7

Meso zoic Jurassic

1.806 2.588 3.600 5.332 7.246 11.608 13.82 15.97 20.43

Stenian Mesoproterozoic Ectasian Calymmian Statherian Paleoproterozoic Orosirian Rhyacian Siderian Neoarchean

Middle

Bathonian Bajocian Aalenian Toarcian Pliensbachian Sinemurian Hettangian Rhaetian Norian Carnian

Lower

Phanerozoic Cenozoic Paleogene Neogene

Messinian Tortonian Miocene Serravallian Langhian Burdigalian Aquitanian Oligocene Chattian Rupelian Priabonian Eocene Bartonian Lutetian Ypresian Thanetian Paleocene Selandian Danian Maastrichtian Campanian Upper Santonian Coniacian Turonian Cenomanian Albian Aptian Lower Barremian Hauterivian Valanginian Berriasian

Pridoli

Lower

Ludlow

Ludfordian Gorstian Homerian Sheinwoodian Telychian

Phanerozoic Paleo zoic Ordovician Silurian

196.5 1.0 199.6 0.6 203.6 1.5 216.5 2.0 ~ 228.7 237.0 2.0 ~ 245.9 ~ 249.5 251.0 0.4 253.8 0.7 260.4 0.7 265.8 0.7 268.0 0.7 270.6 0.7 275.6 0.7 284.4 0.7 294.6 0.8 299.0 0.8 303.4 0.9 307.2 1.0 311.7 1.1 318.1 1.3 328.3 1.6 345.3 2.1

Wenlock

Phanerozoic

Triassic

23.03 28.4 0.1 33.9 0.1 37.2 0.1 40.4 0.2 48.6 0.2 55.8 0.2 58.7 0.2

Upper

2800

Llandovery

Aeronian Rhuddanian Hirnantian

Mesoarchean
3200

Middle Lower

Ladinian Anisian
Olenekian

Paleoarchean
3600

Upper

Katian Sandbian Darriwilian Dapingian Floian Tremadocian

Induan Changhsingian Wuchiapingian Capitanian

Eoarchean
4000

Lopingian

Middle

Hadean (informal)
~4600

Paleo zoic Carboniferous Permian

~ 61.1 65.5 0.3 70.6 0.6 83.5 0.7 85.8 0.7 ~ 88.6 93.6 0.8 99.6 0.9 112.0 1.0 125.0 1.0 130.0 1.5 ~ 133.9 140.2 3.0 145.5 4.0

Guadalupian

Wordian Roadian Kungurian

Cisuralian

Artinskian Sakmarian Asselian Gzhelian Kasimovian Moscovian Bashkirian Visean

Pennsylvanian

Upper Middle Lower

Mississippian

Upper Serpukhovian
Middle Lower

Tournaisian 359.2 2.5

Subdivisions of the global geologic record are formally defined by their lower boundary. Each unit 488.3 1.7 of the Phanerozoic (~542 Ma to Present) and the Stage 10 base of Ediacaran are defined by a basal Global ~ 492 * Standard Section and Point (GSSP ), whereas Stage 9 Furongian ~ 496 * Precambrian units are formally subdivided by Paibian absolute age (Global Standard Stratigraphic Age, ~ 499 GSSA). Details of each GSSP are posted on the Guzhangian ICS website (www.stratigraphy.org). ~ 503 Numerical ages of the unit boundaries in the Series 3 Drumian ~ 506.5 Phanerozoic are subject to revision. Some stages Stage 5 within the Cambrian will be formally named upon ~ 510 * international agreement on their GSSP limits. Most Stage 4 sub-Series boundaries (e.g., Middle and Upper ~ 515 * Series 2 Aptian) are not formally defined. Stage 3 ~ 521 * Colors are according to the Commission for the Stage 2 Geological Map of the World (www.cgmw.org). ~ 528 * Terreneuvian The listed numerical ages are from 'A Geologic Fortunian 542.0 1.0 Time Scale 2004', by F.M. Gradstein, J.G. Ogg, This chart was drafted by Gabi Ogg. Intra Cambrian unit ages A.G. Smith, et al. (2004; Cambridge University Press) with * are informal, and awaiting ratified definitions. and The Concise Geologic Time Scale by J.G. Ogg, Copyright 2008 International Commission on Stratigraphy G. Ogg and F.M. Gradstein (2008). Lower

* Definition of the Quaternary and revision of the Pleistocene are under discussion. Base of the Pleistocene is at 1.81 Ma (base of Calabrian), but may be extended to 2.59 Ma (base of Gelasian). The historic Tertiary comprises the Paleogene and Neogene, and has no official rank.

Mesozoic Cretaceous

Cambrian

GSSP GSSA

Stage Age

Age Ma

Age Ma

Age Ma