Racconti di Nativi Americani: Old Indian Legends di Zitkala Sa: a cura di Raffaella Milandri e Tiziana Totò
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L’Autore: Zitkala-Sa, che in Lakota vuol dire Red Bird, Uccello Rosso, è conosciuta anche come Gertrude Simmons, il nome assegnatole dai missionari, e come Gertrude Bonnin, il suo nome da sposata. Nacque il 22 febbraio 1876, nello stesso anno della famosa Battaglia del Little Big Horn. Scrittrice, traduttrice, musicista e attivista per i diritti del suo popolo, si adoperò per migliorare le condizioni dei Nativi Americani e per salvaguardarne la cultura.
I curatori: Tiziana Totò è laureata in Lingue e Letterature Straniere, traduttrice interprete AITI e funzionario plurilingue presso la Regione Lazio. Fin da adolescente si è interessata alla cultura dei nativi americani, studiandone le tradizioni.
Scrittrice e giornalista, fotografa umanitaria e viaggiatrice in solitaria, Raffaella Milandri, attivista per i diritti umani dei popoli indigeni, è membro onorario della Four Winds Cherokee Tribe in Louisiana e della tribù Crow in Montana. Come viaggiatrice solitaria è stata accolta da tribù nei più remoti angoli di mondo.
Zitkala-Sa
Zitkála-Šá (1876-1938) was a Yankton Dakota writer, translator, musician, teacher, and activist. Born on the Yankton Indian Reservation in South Dakota, Zitkála-Šá—also known as Gertrude Simmons Bonnin—was raised by her mother following their abandonment by her German American father. Zitkála-Šá grew up on the reservation, but was taken by missionaries at the age of eight to the White’s Indiana Manual Labor Institute, a Quaker school in Wabash, Indiana. There, Zitkála-Šá was forced to suppress her heritage by cutting her hair and praying as a Quaker, but she also took advantage of the opportunity to learn reading and writing, as well as to play violin. She briefly returned to the reservation in 1887 before going back to Indiana to finish her education, after which she studied at Earlham College and played violin at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston. After working from 1899 to 1901 as a music teacher at the notoriously abusive Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania, Zitkála-Šá began to speak out against the program. In 1901, she wrote an article for Harper’s Monthly chronicling a young boy’s experience as a student at the school, where he felt forced to sacrifice his identity in order to assimilate. That same year, Zitkála-Šá began collecting stories for Old Indian Legends, which recorded traditional stories she learned in her youth and from members of various tribes. Over the next several decades, she wrote several story collections, countless articles for Harper’s Monthly and the Atlantic Monthly, and the libretto and songs for The Sun Dance Opera (1913). She also worked as an advocate and activist for the rights of women and American Indians, founding the National Council of American Indians with her husband and running grassroots policy and voter-registration campaigns around the country. She is remembered not only for her contributions to American Indian culture as a writer and translator, but for her tireless advocacy for resistance and reform that led to better education, healthcare, and legal standing for American Indians nationwide.
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