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    London: Mobility City
    London: Mobility City
    London: Mobility City
    Ebook52 pages35 minutes

    London: Mobility City

    By Greg Clark, Tim Moonen and Jake Nunley

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    About this ebook

    Despite the uncertainties of Brexit, London continues to be rated as a leading location in Europe and the world for business, knowledge, and talent. But 30 years ago, when London had no citywide government, a transport system in crisis, and no successful track record of continuous large-scale upgrades to the urban fabric, this scenario would have seemed highly unlikely.
    In this essay we examine how London's unpromising 1980s gave rise to three decades of reinvestment and we explain how the European Investment Bank played an essential catalytic role in successive cycles of London's evolution from an under-governed de-populating national capital into a diverse global centre benefiting from integrated urban systems management.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherEuropean Investment Bank
    Release dateNov 16, 2018
    ISBN9789286138942
    London: Mobility City

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      Book preview

      London - Greg Clark

      About the European Investment Bank

      The European Investment Bank is the world’s biggest multilateral lender. The only bank owned by and representing the interests of the EU countries, the EIB finances Europe’s economic growth. Over six decades the Bank has backed start-ups like Skype and massive schemes like the Øresund Bridge linking Sweden and Denmark. Headquartered in Luxembourg, the EIB Group includes the European Investment Fund, a specialist financer of small and medium-sized enterprises.

      London’s development: the back story (1945 to 1985)

      The first cycle – (1985-1992): the teething pains of post-industrial London

      The second cycle (1992-2000): preparing for a global and competitive London

      The first pilots of social housing investment

      The third cycle (2001-2008): London’s new metropolitan functions and the opportunity for financial innovation

      The fourth cycle (2009-present): larger scale and diversified investments to manage the consequences of London’s success

      The mainstreaming of support for social and affordable housing

      Innovating to support London’s growth management

      Housing supply

      Capturing value and new fiscal tools

      The future?

      References and Citations

      Copyright

      LONDON

      Mobility City

      Greg Clark

      Tim Moonen

      Jake Nunley

      The findings, interpretations and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Investment Bank. 

      Professor Greg Clark CBE is an honorary professor at University College London and Chairman of The Business of Cities, an urban intelligence firm that works in more than 100 cities worldwide each year. He holds thoughtleadership roles at The Brookings Institution, the Urban Land Institute, and JLL Cities Research Centre, and is a Board Member of Transport for London and the London LEP. He is author of ten books including Global Cities: A Short History (Brookings Press), and London 1991–2021, The Making of a World City.

      With a PhD from the University of Bristol, Tim Moonen is responsible for the strategic management of The Business of Cities research and advisory projects. He has co-authored more than 50 reports, books and chapters on global city competitiveness, governance and performance.

      Jake Nunley is a lead researcher at The Business of Cities. He studied at the University of Cambridge and Harvard University.

      Moonen, Nunley, Clark (left to right) © The Business of Cities

      Rail lines, tunnels, a revamped Underground, and bigger, better airports were decisive in London’s transformation into one of the world’s great global centres. Direct project loans from the European Investment Bank worth £7.3 billion between 2006 and 2016 have also been of fundamental importance.

      Despite the uncertainties of Brexit, London continues to be rated as a leading location in Europe and the world for business, knowledge, and talent. It is routinely benchmarked among the top performing large cities globally in terms of quality of life, infrastructure and accessibility.

      But 30 years ago, when London had no citywide government, a transport system in crisis, and no successful track record of continuous

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