Amoebas, Euglenas. Radiolarians, Foraminifera, Et Alii
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Amoebas, Euglenas. Radiolarians, Foraminifera, Et Alii - Daniel Zimmermann
Amoebas, Euglenas, Radiolarians, Foraminifera, et alii
By Daniel Zimmermann
Amoeba, a Protean Microbe
For countless generations, no one knew about the existence of the amoeba. Then in 1757, while the French and Indian War was raging in North America and the Seven Years’ War was afflicting Europe, this tiny creature was discovered by August Johann Roesel von Rosenhof, who is better known for his excellent paintings of insects and other creatures. His work in the science of entomology was also widely esteemed. His fame is perpetuated in the scientific name of Roesel’s bush-cricket: Metrioptera roeseli.
I shall not tell you that amoebas are one-celled animals, that they crawl about by false feet called pseudopods, or that they engulf their prey by a process known as phagocytosis. You know that already from biology class. So why should I bore you with such data?
However, you may not know that amoebas bravely try to accommodate themselves to their environment when external salinity increases or decreases. If the environment becomes more salty, they start getting rid of water, allowing some to migrate outside the cell. On the other hand, if they enter an environment that has a lower percentage of salt than their cytoplasm, they take on more water till their cytoplasm matches the environment in salinity. A membrane-bound structure helps them control salinity. It is called a contractile vacuole. They can deposit water in this structure or withdraw it as needed. However, their clever ploy is not always successful. Sometimes they burst.
Animals of the genus Amoeba live a lonely life. They never marry. In fact, there is no such thing as a male or female amoeba. They multiply by cell division. This cell division is more complicated than the fission that occurs in bacteria. When a bacterium divides, it does not have to worry about replicating its nucleus because it does not have any such structure. But amoebas do, and it must be replicated so that each daughter amoeba will have one. Amoebas cannot live without a nucleus. Some types of amoeba have more than one.
However, do not expect amoeba cell division to proceed exactly like the mitosis and cytokinesis of your skin cells. In many genera, for example, the nuclear envelope persists during cell division.
(Page 531 of Biology
by Campbell, Reece, and Mitchell)
The species Amoeba proteus has an interesting name. Amoeba
comes from a Greek word meaning to change or exchange. This concept of change is reinforced by the rest of its scientific name. Proteus was a mythological deity who could change his shape at will. The animal is aptly named since this amoeba is always changing its shape as it extends and retracts its pseudopods.
Not all amoebas make cute little pets. Of course, it would take a person with rather unusual tastes to call any amoeba cute; and if you would make a pet out of one, you would need a microscope in order to see it. But Entamoeba histolytica is not a creature that you would want to have about the house, even if you could see it. It is a parasite that causes a disease called amoebic dysentery. It literally eats the tissue of human intestines.
Amoebic dysentery is easy to contract and hard to cure. This creature has the ability to form tough cysts when immersed in an unfavorable environment. These cysts are hard to kill. In Guatemala, where the drinking water usually has a rich supply of amoeba cysts, many people will boil their water for 15 minutes to make sure that they all will die.
In conclusion, I shall give you some food for thought. The DNA molecule of Amoeba proteus is 10 times longer than the human DNA molecule. If the evolutionists are correct in thinking that life started as simple organisms and gradually developed into organisms of greater complexity, why is the DNA molecule of this amoeba more complex than ours?
References:
Biology
by Campbell, Reece, and Mitchell
Wikipedia
Funk &