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    Oriental Assembly
    Oriental Assembly
    Oriental Assembly
    Ebook240 pages1 hour

    Oriental Assembly

    By T E Lawrence

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    About this ebook

    This volume comprises practically all the authors miscellaneous writings, with the exception of Crusader Castles. I hope that essay, already printed as a personal document in a limited edition, will eventually be reissued as a work of scholarship, with annotations and additional matter by several authorities. There remains nothing else which I intend to place before the general public.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherHesperides Press
    Release dateSep 17, 2020
    ISBN9781528760478
    Oriental Assembly
    Author

    T E Lawrence

    T.E. Lawrence, popularly known as Lawrence of Arabia, lived from 1888 to 1935. He was a British military officer and diplomat, acting as a crucial liaison with Arab forces during the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire from 1916 to 1918. The basis for the 1962 movie Lawrence of Arabia, his best known book is Seven Pillars of Wisdom, describing Lawrence’s experiences during the revolt, while 27 Articles summarizes his techniques and tactics.

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      Book preview

      Oriental Assembly - T E Lawrence

      Camels belonging to T. E. Lawrence, January 1918

      ORIENTAL

      ASSEMBLY

      by

      T. E. Lawrence

      Edited by

      A. W. LAWRENCE

      With Photographs by the Author

      LONDON

      WILLIAMS AND NORGATE LTD

      GREAT RUSSELL STREET

      First published May 1939

      Second impression May 1939

      Third impression August 1940

      Fourth impression June 1944

      Fifth impression Oct. 1945

      Sixth impression 1947 (Reset)

      MADE AND PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN

      BY NEILL AND CO. LTD., EDINBURGH

      FOREWORD

      THIS volume comprises practically all the author’s miscellaneous writings, with the exception of Crusader Castles. I hope that essay, already printed as a personal document in a limited edition, will eventually be reissued as a work of scholarship, with annotations and additional matter by several authorities. There remains nothing else which I intend to place before the general public.

      1947. A few corrections have been made in this edition.

      A. W. L.

      CONTENTS

      FOREWORD BY A. W. LAWRENCE

      I. DIARY OF A JOURNEY ACROSS THE EUPHRATES

      ILLUSTRATIONS TO THE DIARY

      II. THE CHANGING EAST

      III. THE EVOLUTION OF A REVOLT

      IV. THE SUPPRESSED INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER FOR SEVEN PILLARS OF WISDOM

      V. ON ERIC KENNINGTON’S ARAB PORTRAITS

      VI. THE WAR PHOTOGRAPHS

      LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

      Camels belonging to T. E. Lawrence, Jan. 1918

      ILLUSTRATIONS TO THE DIARY

      THE WAR PHOTOGRAPHS

      PLATE

      1.Nakhl Mubarak from South

      2.Gardens of Nakhl Mubarak

      3 and 4.Nakhl Mubarak

      5.The Spring at Nakhl Mubarak

      6.Nakhl Mubarak looking on to Jebel Agida

      7.From Nakhl Mubarak looking up Wadi Yenbo

      8.Nakhl Mubarak in middle distance, Rudhwa in background

      9.Looking from the hills across Nakhl Mubarak groves

      10.Nakhl Mubarak, edge of landing ground

      11.Maulud and the Mule M.I. with Meccan Infantry at Nakhl Mubarak, December 1916

      12.Outside Emir Feisal’s Tent at Nakhl Mubarak landing ground

      13.Dawn in Camp, Nakhl Mubarak, December 1916

      14.Nebk

      15.From a Mound in the Wadi Yenbo

      16.View from Nakhl Mubarak

      17.View from Nakhl Mubarak

      18.Looking over Bir el Fagir

      19.Feisal and others at Nakhl Mubarak

      20.The Mejlis outside Feisal’s Tent

      21.Ateiba Troops at Yenbo

      22.Feisal’s Army coming in to Yenbo, December 1916

      23.Feisal’s Army coming in to Yenbo

      24 and 25.Yenbo

      26.Yenbo—T. E. Lawrence’s house on right

      27.House at Yenbo

      28 and 29.Yenbo—Abd et Kader and Staff

      30.Wejh

      31.El Nijl—Shobek Railway and Mill

      32.Arab Camp at Wejh

      33.Emir Feisal and Sherif Sharraf leading the Agevl Bodyguard on the first stage to Wejh, January 1917

      34 and 35.Feisal and Ageyl Bodyguard

      36 to 41.Ageyl Bodyguard

      42 and 43.Um Lejj

      44.Behind Um Lejj

      45.Semna, Colonel Newcombe in Palm Trees

      46.Jebel el Sukhur

      47 and 48.Jebel el Sukhur

      49.Salt Pool in Wadi Hamdh

      50.Bruka Irrigation Channel

      51.In Wadi Hamdh near Suejj

      52.Wadi Hamdh from Abu Zereibat

      53.Jebel Raal

      54.Jebel Raal

      55.El Hesna

      56.Abu Zereibat Water Pool

      57.Abu Zereibat

      58.Entering Wadi Waheida

      59.Jebel Shemel

      60.Feisal’s Army coming in to Wejh, January 1917

      61.Sherif Nasir

      62.Dakh el Allah el Ghair

      63.Auda abu Tayi

      64.Auda abu Tayi and his Kinsmen

      65.Wadi Kitan

      66.Wadi Hanbag

      67 and 68.Wadi Gara

      69.Wadi Murrmiya

      70.Harrat el Gara—Wadi Murrmiya

      71.Behind Wadi Gara and Wadi Murrmiya

      72.Crater at Ras Gara

      73.Abu Markha

      74.Abu Markha—Abdulla’s Tents

      75.Abu Markha Well

      76.Wadi Ais at Abu Markha

      77.Sherif Shakir

      78.Mohammed el Kadhi

      79.Ghadir Osman

      80.Wadi Arnoua

      81.Khauthila—Bir ibn Rifada

      82.Kalaat Sebeil at Wejh, May 9th, 1917

      83.Kalaat Sebeil

      84.El Kurr

      85.El Kurr

      86.Rubiaan Well

      87.Abu Raga

      88.Abu Raga

      89.Sheikh Zaal ibn Motlog

      90.Dhaif Allah ibn Homeid, Hushon and Servant

      91 and 92.El Shegg

      93 and 94.Unidentified

      95 and 96.Guweira

      97.Wadi Sirhan

      98.The approach on Akaba, July 1917

      99.In Wadi Itm near Resafe while discussing terms of Turkish surrender, July 5th, 1917

      100.El Hesna in the Gaat el Rumm

      101.Rumm

      102.Tafileh, January 1918

      103.Tafileh, Turkish prisoners defiling

      104.Zeid, Abdulla, Rasim and Lufti with captured Austrian Guns at Tafileh

      105.Tafileh, captured Machine Guns

      106.Mahmas ibn Dakhil

      107.A Sheikh

      108 & 109.Kharaneh

      110 & 111.Azrak

      I

      DIARY OF A JOURNEY

      ACROSS THE EUPHRATES

      EDITOR’S NOTE

      IN a letter from Jerablus, dated June 24, 1911, T. E. Lawrence told his mother of the British Museum’s decision to cease work on the mound that covers the ancient city of Carchemish; the excavators were then to descend the Euphrates by boat and visit the site called Tell Ahmar. After three days there I will walk across to Harran, up to Urfa, to Biredjik, and back to Aleppo by Tell Bashar and this place. This will be a walk of about a month, for there will be several days each in Harran and Urfa.

      Another letter followed, from Tell Ahmar: We have been here about four or five days working out a cuneiform inscription, photographing and squeezing things Hittite. Now it is all over, and to-day in the afternoon I am going off towards Urfa. The men here say it is best to go along the carriage road as far as Seruj (about 2 days) and then take another road. This route I may vary of course as I get later information. He was then in doubt whether to return through Aintab or Tell Bashar.

      The objects of this journey were largely archæological. There was—in fact there still is—much work for a student of castles in this area. He had seen those at Urfa and Biredjik in 1909; but his time had then been extremely limited and his knowledge had since increased. Moreover, there were reported castles of note at Harran, Rum Kalaat and Aintab. Another motive was the search for engraved seal-stones of the local Hittite types; the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford owns the largest collection of them, mostly purchased from villagers through the various excavators of Carchemish; some were acquired on this occasion. (There is an illustrated catalogue by D. G. Hogarth.) And perhaps another incentive to this journey may be traced: it would lead to strange people and places.

      The Diary occupies a block of centre pages in a small canvas-bound notebook, the rest of which contains personal memoranda (expense accounts and addresses), data on the ancient East, translations of Arabic fables, etc. Each day’s happenings were described that evening and on the following morning. With the exception of an alteration in the initial date, the few corrections seem to have been inserted on reading through the day’s entry immediately after its completion; there is no sign of any general revision. The wording changes character according to the writer’s state of health, the punctuation varies correspondingly.

      Probably he intended to rewrite the whole, for it would seem that he must have had a literary motive for the unusual exercise of keeping a diary and for persisting in so doing under such physical difficulties. In a conversation with Professor L. B. Namier, he once referred to having written something called Seal-Hunting in Mesopotamia. Search has been made through magazines of the years before the War, but in vain, and indeed the preservation of the Diary in its original form suggests that it was never published by its author. (It appeared after his death in a limited edition.)

      The text as now printed is virtually an exact transcription of the pencil manuscript. To have removed all the inconsistencies and cleaned up the punctuation would have altered the effect without greatly improving the sense; and having to choose between two causes of annoyance we have preferred excessive fidelity to over-editing.

      Some of the photographs mentioned in the Diary cannot be traced, while others, not mentioned in the text, were obviously taken on this journey.

      Where necessary, I have added Notes at the end of each day’s entry.

      1947. The note on p. 59 has been corrected from information kindly supplied by Sir Reader Bullard, K.C.B., K.C.M.G.

      A. W. L.

      DIARY OF A JOURNEY ACROSS THE

      EUPHRATES

      ON a Wednesday about July 12 I left Tell Ahmar, and walked about an hour: then, feeling thirsty I went to some Kurdish tents, in which the villagers of some houses close by were staying, and got leben and barley bread; no money accepted.

      Then walked on three hours till I came to the Khan, which was deserted: met a villager or two, however—one Shirkub invited me to his tent. We had milk and barley pottage and bread, and then slept quite well: saw women grinding in hand-mill. Day hot: bright moon all night.

      Next day, Thursday: Up before sunrise, and out before feeding for Ras el Ain 4 hours: stopped a little before and ate bread and leben in Kurdish tent: chief more hospitable: gave him a hejub to work at Tell Hamra if the English came: money refused. Went on to Ras el Ain (1/2 hr.) and stayed there

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