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    Understanding Diseases and Control in Seaweed Farming in Zanzibar
    Understanding Diseases and Control in Seaweed Farming in Zanzibar
    Understanding Diseases and Control in Seaweed Farming in Zanzibar
    Ebook106 pages1 hour

    Understanding Diseases and Control in Seaweed Farming in Zanzibar

    By Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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    In view of all production and productivity problems the seaweed aquaculture industry has been facing as well as the impact of the seaweed die-off on the Island economy with sharp decline of income and revenues for thousands of farmers and traders and, recognizing the compounded problems that about 20,000 seaweed farmers' livelihood are based on a single aquaculture system affecting mostly women and youth, the FAO-funded Technical Cooperation Programme “Support to the Aquaculture Subsector of Zanzibar” (TCP/URT/3401) recognized and recommended the Biological and Economic Research on Seaweed as a relevant pillar of the Aquaculture Development Strategy Plan. This technical report is part of the FAO-TZ project “Support to Seaweed Diseases and Die-off Understanding and Eradication in Zanzibar” TCP/URT/3601/C1, and covers an initial analysis of the die-offs due to epiphyte infestation and ice-ice disease in Zanzibar. The assessment is mainly based on site visits to the seaweed farms in Unguja and Pemba and laboratorial analysis of collected seaweed samples conducted by the authors between February and June 2017. Findings were cross-checked with a literature review on the topic and presented during stakeholders’ meetings in both Islands.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Release dateSep 24, 2020
    ISBN9789251332641
    Understanding Diseases and Control in Seaweed Farming in Zanzibar
    Author

    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

    An intergovernmental organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has 194 Member Nations, two associate members and one member organization, the European Union. Its employees come from various cultural backgrounds and are experts in the multiple fields of activity FAO engages in. FAO’s staff capacity allows it to support improved governance inter alia, generate, develop and adapt existing tools and guidelines and provide targeted governance support as a resource to country and regional level FAO offices. Headquartered in Rome, Italy, FAO is present in over 130 countries.Founded in 1945, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO provides a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy. The Organization publishes authoritative publications on agriculture, fisheries, forestry and nutrition.

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      Understanding Diseases and Control in Seaweed Farming in Zanzibar - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

      Largo, D.B., Msuya, F.E. & Menezes, A. 2020. Understanding diseases and control in seaweed farming in Zanzibar. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 662. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9004en

      The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.

      The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO.

      ISSN 2070-7010 (Print)

      ISSN 2664-5408 (Online)

      ISBN 978-92-5-132601-5

      E-ISBN 978-92-5-133264-1 (EPUB)

      © FAO, 2020

      Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode).

      Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the FAO logo is not permitted. If the work is adapted, then it must be licensed under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If a translation of this work is created, it must include the following disclaimer along with the required citation: This translation was not created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original [Language] edition shall be the authoritative edition.

      Disputes arising under the licence that cannot be settled amicably will be resolved by mediation and arbitration as described in Article 8 of the licence except as otherwise provided herein. The applicable mediation rules will be the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules and any arbitration will be conducted in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL).

      Third-party materials. Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, are responsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user.

      Sales, rights and licensing. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through publications-sales@fao.org. Requests for commercial use should be submitted via: www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request. Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: copyright@fao.org.

      Preparation of this document

      In view of all the production and productivity problems the aquaculture sector has been facing, during the final validation and handover meeting of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Technical Cooperation Programme Support to the Aquaculture Subsector of Zanzibar (TCP/URT/3401), seaweed stakeholders in Zanzibar recommended biological and economic research on seaweed as a relevant pillar of the Aquaculture Development Strategy Plan. The severe cases of seaweed die-off in the Zanzibar archipelago led to the formulation of a small emergency research project.

      This document was prepared within the framework of the FAO-funded Technical Cooperation Programme Support to Seaweed Diseases and Die-off Understanding and Eradication in Zanzibar (TCP/URT/3601/C1). Moreover, as part of its continued efforts to reduce food insecurity, improve the livelihoods, economic growth and balance of trade in developing countries, recognizing the importance of seaweed farming in Zanzibar, which provides a steady income to seaweed farmers, 90 percent of whom are women, and support the International Year of Plant Health 2020, the Fisheries and Aquaculture Division supported the review and publication of this technical report.

      The assessment is mainly based on site visits to seaweed farms in Unguja and Pemba Islands and laboratory analysis of collected seaweed samples conducted by the authors between February and June 2017. The findings were cross-checked with literature on the topic and presented during the stakeholders’ meetings on both islands.

      Abstract

      Since 2011, seaweed farmers and traders have experienced serious decreased production and income. This study identifies some causes of the seaweed die-off of Eucheuma denticulatum (commonly known as spinosum) and Kappaphycus striatum and K. alvarezii (both commonly known as cottonii) observed in the farming areas of Unguja and Pemba (Zanzibar archipelago). It also makes short- and long-term recommendations to protect the farming ecosystem environment, control (prevention and mitigation) of ice-ice disease and epiphyte infestation, and boost the seaweed industry in the island.

      Die-offs are mainly caused by a severe case of epiphyte infestation coupled with a high incidence of ice-ice disease, which has long been observed by farmers to intensify during the

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