Mechanisms of Action in Disease and Recovery in Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine: Volume 6
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About this ebook
Mechanisms of Action in Disease and Recovery in Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine, volume six in the Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine series, presents the structure, function and pathology of the cardiovascular system from Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine perspectives. Sections discuss cardiac acu-anatomy, including cardiac cells and heart structure, gastrointestinal cells and mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine structures, and more, while other chapters cover the qi, yin and yang roles in cardiac rhythm and pumping actions and the pathology of the heart and vascular system and the zang and fu relationship with other body organs.
This important reference will aid cardiovascular researchers in the study of integrative Chinese and Western medicine with its clear, structured base that will guide clinical practice and encourage collaboration between Chinese and Western medicine practitioners.
- Provides evidence for the mainstreaming of acu-meridian theory and pathophysiology
- Explores the detailed connection between heart dysfunction and the disease mechanisms of other organ systems
- Combines western medicine anatomy and pathophysiology with TCM aspects of essence, qi, blood and body fluid concept, production and function to explain the cardiovascular system dysfunction, it’s independent role and dependent interactions with the functions of other organ systems
Anika Niambi Al-Shura
Dr. Anika Niambi Al-Shura is originally from Louisville, Ky, USA. She has one son, one grandson and resides in Kentucky and Florida, USA. She enjoys cultivating medicinal plants and formulating medicinal herb recipes, soap making, fine art, travelling internationally to meet people for learning new cultures and ways of living, mountain hiking and relaxing on the beach near the ocean. Dr. Al-Shura has 14 continuous years of formal education involving Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) clinical practice, advanced medical study, research and education between the United States, Italy and China. In 2004, her master’s degree in Oriental Medicine was earned from East West College of Natural Medicine in Florida, USA. In mainland China between 2004 and 2014, she earned hospital study, advanced scholar and specialty certificates in Chinese medicine, internal medicine and surgery and cardiology from several university affiliated hospitals. Those hospitals include Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital and Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Her subspecialty training in TCM is in interventional cardiology involving the catherization lab. Dr. Al-Shura earned her PhD in medical education in 2014 through the University Ambrosiana program. Her dissertation on Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine (ICCM) became her first textbook entitled, “Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine: A Personalized Medicine Perspective. This book was one of 7 textbooks written to introduce the concepts of ICCM. All were published and released together through Elsevier Academic Press in 2014. Those textbooks are utilized for the level 1 program studies in ICCM with continuing medical education (CME) courses. Eight additional textbooks were written on the establishment and development of intermediate ICCM theories and practices. Those textbooks are utilized for the level 2 program CME studies in ICCM. Those 8 textbooks are part of the Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine series and were published and released together through Elsevier Academic Press in 2019. Dr. Al-Shura is currently a faculty member at Everglades University in Florida, where she teaches medical and healthcare course in the Bachelors of Alternative Medicine program. She also has Niambi Wellness Institute, based in Florida and Kentucky, where Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine research and work continues. It includes a natural pharmacy lab and a continuing medical education (CME) program. The natural pharmacy researches, formulates, manufactures and distributes various patented and original formulations using TCM herbs. The CME program includes TCM cardiology courses which grant credits towards NCCAOM, state medical board and state TCM board license renewals in the United States.
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Mechanisms of Action in Disease and Recovery in Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine - Anika Niambi Al-Shura
Mechanisms of Action in Disease and Recovery in Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine
Volume 6
Anika Niambi Al-Shura, BSc, MSOM, PhD
Niambi Wellness Institute, Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
In Memory
Dedication
Preface
Dr. Al-Shura biography
Part I. Cardiovascular anatomy
1. Cardiac cells
Chapter objectives
Energy metabolism
Myocytes
Endothelium
2. Cardiac structure
Chapter objectives
Pericardium
Valves
Right heart
Left heart
3. Cardiovascular system
Chapter objectives
Overview of cardiovascular embryogenesis and postnatal conduction
Conduction system
Baroreception
Bainbridge reflex of the right and left atria
Carotid artery and aorta
Regular circulation
Preload and afterload
The aorta
Descending aorta
4. Meridians and acupoints
Chapter objectives
The heart zang
Relationship between the heart zang and small intestine fu
Heart zang and pericardium zang
Heart zang and lung zang
Heart zang and large intestine fu
Heart zang and liver zang
Heart zang and gallbladder fu
Heart zang and kidney zang
Heart zang and urinary bladder fu
Heart zang and spleen zang
Heart zang and stomach fu
Part II. Cardiovascular physiology
5. Cardiac rhythms
Chapter objectives
Electrical conduction system of the heart
Parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Electrocardiogram
Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
6. Pumping actions of the heart
Chapter objectives
Cardiac action potentials
Resting phase (yin phase)
Refractory period (yin into yang phase)
Repolarization phase (yang into yin phase)
7. Vascular function and circulation
Chapter objectives
The arteries
The capillaries
The veins
8. Humoral control
Chapter objectives
Vasoconstricting agents
Vasodilator agents
9. Autonomic nervous system
Enteric nervous system
Sympathetic division
Parasympathetic division
Part III. Pathology
10. Integrative medicine perspectives
Chapter objectives
Material aspects
The spiritual aspects
Heart zang
Pulmonary vessels of the lung zang
Neuro vessels
Renal vessels of the kidney zang
Hepatic vessels of liver zang
Vessels of the spleen zang
11. Respiratory system disorders
Chapter objectives
Lung Qi
Factors in all respiratory pathophysiology
Lung Qi pathology
Genetics
12. Neurological disorders
Chapter objectives
Sea of marrow
Controls the smooth flow of Qi
Nourishes Shen and mental activity
Factors in neurological and psychoemotional disorders
Brain marrow pathology
Genetics
13. Nephrotic and nephritic disorders
Chapter objectives
Kidney essence
Kidney Qi
Determinants of nephrological functioning
Factors in all nephrological pathology
Kidney Qi pathology
Genetics
14. Hepatic disorders
Chapter objectives
Vitality
Liver Qi
Determinants of hepatic functioning
Factors in all hepatic pathology
Liver zang pathology
Genetics
15. Splenic disorders
The spleen and pancreas
Traditional Chinese medicine
Spleen Qi
Determinants of splenic functioning
Factors in all splenic pathology
Spleen Qi pathology
Genetics
Index
Copyright
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Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
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ISBN: 978-0-12-817578-1
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In Memory
This textbook is dedicated in memory of my late parents. To Mary A Cummings (1954–2006) who passed away of heart failure and other related diseases, I am continuing to keep my promise of finding out what was wrong with you and what could have been done to prevent some of them. To my father Abdur-Rahman Qurban Al-Shura (1949–80), I followed what you advised me to do in life, and taught me to always find a way to make it happen.
Dedication
The writing of this textbook is dedicated to my son, Khaleel Shakeer Ryland, and his son, my grandson Khaleem Qurban Ryland. Your ancestors motivated me to find important solutions that may help some people in this world be relieved of suffering. May this legacy inspire and guide you to do the same in this life and to pass our ways on to future descendants.
Preface
The Development, Promotion, and Ongoing Research of Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine
Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine (ICCM) is an area of medical study, research, and education with basic medical sciences, theories, and practices. It was created by Dr. Anika Niambi Al-Shura in 2014 as part of her doctorate degree. Cardiology in Chinese Medicine first became an interest during her early years of study in Chinese hospitals in China in 2004–06. At the time Dr. Al-Shura got a great opportunity to travel to China to work and study. It had dawned on her that before her father died in 1980, he predicted that she would study sciences and travel east to do something important. Dr. Al-Shura decided that she could search for ways to improve on her skills and master's degree in Oriental Medicine education to help her mother, Mary, suffering from advancing cardiovascular diseases. Before important revelations in medicine and health care became understood in her mission, Mary passed away in her early 50s in 2006.
Dr. Al-Shura continued her study and went on to hospital research in China between 2006 and 2014. She was recycling what her father had predicted directly to her word for word, realizing it may have been bigger than finding ways to only help her mother. Realizing that her father's prediction seemed to be coming true, she used this period to learn and think about how she could have been able to care for Mary and possibly relieved or cured certain cardiovascular disorders had she survived. It became apparent that Mary's ignored genetic predispositions, lifestyle, and practitioner racial/cultural profiling assumptions about prescribing, maintaining, and prolonging pharmaceutical drug use, and without access to gold star therapies even though the means to afford such therapies were available, were contributors to her advancing condition. Consideration and empathy for these factors from her health-care team and a careful analysis of the condition early on, the method of combining herbal therapy, nutrition, and pharmaceutical drug therapy, had this method been available at the time, may have had a positive impact.
Today, Dr. Al-Shura's work in developing her subject of ICCM is partially in memory of her mother who lived before the dawning of the integrative medicine era.
Health-care practitioners, cardiovascular patients, and the public who study from the textbooks in the Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine series should note the basic medical sciences, theories, and practices which revolve throughout the textbooks, making it necessary to read them first in order then randomly several times. The reader who studies among the integrative cardiovascular Chinese medicine series embarks on a leg of the life journey, discovering what small and significant accomplishments one may achieve in their own well-being.
Themes which can be found in the textbooks throughout the series are as follows:
1. ICCM acknowledges and integrates the history of the ancient and modern medicine perspectives from cultures around the world. Science and medicine was shared and preserved on some continents while being destroyed or lost on others.
2. ICCM establishes the belief that the human body can be explained through static scientific explanations of anatomy and physiological mechanisms and actions and through dynamic perspectives which brings people together in common and makes each person unique. Personalizing medicine can put analysis and insight into focus and tailor treatment more effectively.
3. ICCM acknowledges that patient autonomy and responsibility is a necessary and primary factor in health and well-being. Patients must enter the health care arena with a clear intention to heal and a detailed narrative that assists in that purpose. They must partner with providers in compliance with what is required to assist health restoration.
4.