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    Good Beekeeping Practices: Practical Manual on How to Identify and Control the Main Diseases of the Honeybee (Apis Mellifera)
    Good Beekeeping Practices: Practical Manual on How to Identify and Control the Main Diseases of the Honeybee (Apis Mellifera)
    Good Beekeeping Practices: Practical Manual on How to Identify and Control the Main Diseases of the Honeybee (Apis Mellifera)
    Ebook195 pages1 hour

    Good Beekeeping Practices: Practical Manual on How to Identify and Control the Main Diseases of the Honeybee (Apis Mellifera)

    By Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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    About this ebook

    This is a practical tool to help beekeepers, veterinarians and beekeeping advisory services to properly identify main honeybee diseases and to take the most appropriate actions in the apiary to control and/or prevent disease outbreaks. This publication follows the TECA publication Main bee diseases: good beekeeping practices (2018) which provided a more general overview of good beekeeping practices for bee diseases.

    This manual is a unique publication because, through its presentation of practical information, simple visuals, and understandable content, it helps beekeepers to correctly identify main honeybee diseases in a timely manner. More specifically, the manual creatively illustrates actions which facilitate the identification of disease symptoms. It also presents a comprehensive list of good beekeeping practices to adopt in the apiary as well as biosafety measures to reduce the risk of the introduction and the spread of main honeybee diseases. The manual’s overall objective is ultimately to support a more sustainable beekeeping sector.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Release dateJun 10, 2020
    ISBN9789251327531
    Good Beekeeping Practices: Practical Manual on How to Identify and Control the Main Diseases of the Honeybee (Apis Mellifera)
    Author

    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

    An intergovernmental organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has 194 Member Nations, two associate members and one member organization, the European Union. Its employees come from various cultural backgrounds and are experts in the multiple fields of activity FAO engages in. FAO’s staff capacity allows it to support improved governance inter alia, generate, develop and adapt existing tools and guidelines and provide targeted governance support as a resource to country and regional level FAO offices. Headquartered in Rome, Italy, FAO is present in over 130 countries.Founded in 1945, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO provides a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy. The Organization publishes authoritative publications on agriculture, fisheries, forestry and nutrition.

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      Book preview

      Good Beekeeping Practices - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

      1

      Good beekeeping practices and biosecurity measures in beekeeping

      Tools in support of a healthy and sustainable beekeeping sector

      Good beekeeping practices and biosecurity measures in beekeeping are useful tools that the beekeeper can adopt in the apiary to guarantee the health of bees, humans (e.g. consumers) and the environment.

      1.1 INTRODUCTION

      Apiculture (or beekeeping) is the practice of honeybee management in hives for pollination and the production of honey and other products, such as wax, royal jelly, propolis and pollen. In addition, the production of live material, such as bees and queens, may represent other outputs of beekeeping. Finally, bees may support and provide other services, such as apitourism, apitherapy and monitoring of environmental pollution.

      Beekeeping includes activities concerned with the practical management of the social honeybee species. The bee species used in beekeeping are:

      •dwarf honeybees such as Apis florea and Apis andreniformis;

      •giant honeybees such as Apis laboriosa and Apis dorsata;

      •domestic honeybees and close relatives such as Apis cerana, Apis mellifera, Apis koschevnikovi, Apis nigrocincta and Apis nuluensis;

      •stingless bees (Melipona);

      •bumble bees (genus Bombus).

      The above-mentioned bees may provide livelihoods and/or a source of income for many households in rural areas and small farms through:

      •the production and sale of bee products, such as live bees (providing queen bees or swarms to other beekeepers), honey, pollen, wax, propolis, royal jelly, and venom. Bee products can be used as food for humans, feed for animals, in cosmetics, in medicines (used in conventional medicine, e.g. to treat allergies to bee venom, or in apitherapy) or as a component in industrial products such as polishes and sweeteners;

      •the services provided by the bees, such as pollination, monitoring of environmental pollution, apitherapy, apitourism, and genetic preservation apiaries.

      At the same time, the value of bees for the environment is often underestimated.

      In recent decades, the beekeeping sector has been facing a growing number of external factors that affect honeybee health and productivity. These include, among others, global warming, the spread of emerging pathogens, urbanization, and losses in plant biodiversity. These factors are largely beyond the control of beekeepers, who therefore need to adopt proper beekeeping management practices and measures that help to limit the impacts of the changing environment in which they operate.

      A modern approach to apiculture is moving towards a farming system that tends to be increasingly sustainable. However, sustainable apiculture always requires good knowledge on the proper management of the bees in order to optimize the natural systems and resources that beekeepers rely on.

      The good beekeeping practices (GBPs) and biosecurity measures in beekeeping (BMBs) described in this chapter focus on Apis mellifera and aim at providing beekeepers with tools that contribute to maintaining healthy and strong colonies.

      1.2 GOOD BEEKEEPING PRACTICES

      Good beekeeping practices are those integrative activities that beekeepers apply to obtain optimal health for humans, honeybees and the environment. Therefore, the implementation of GBPs would have a positive effect on colony health and society, and at the same time could favour high production standards. Such practices are general measures valid for beekeeping activities and are globally accepted. They are not disease-specific and are meant to be implemented by beekeepers in primary production of hive products. They are a tool for beekeepers to successfully address the challenges they face in day-to-day apiary management.

      Good beekeeping practices are the basis for a sustainable and resilient beekeeping sector. Daily implementation of GBPs in apiary management results in multiple positive impacts:

      •economic benefits, such as cost reduction, larger production per unit, and higher income for beekeepers;

      •better safety measures due to safer handling of veterinary

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