Infertility Is Not Just a Problem of the Couple
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Infertility is the inability of a couple to have children, established as the absence of pregnancy after 12 months of sexual intercourse without contraceptive methods. Subfertility, much more frequent than absolute sterility, can be reversed after the implementation of certain behaviors that avoid the existing partial impairment.The book INFERTILITY IS NOT JUST A PROBLEM OF THE COUPLE details the different forms of endocrine disruption present in infertile couples and analyzes, in a clear and simple way for the public in general, the latest scientific advances on fertility.
Carlos Herrero Carcedo
Autor de dos Libros con tapa: Manual Básico de Farmacología y 200 Ideas para Mejorar la Rentabilidad de tu Farmacia, una publicación en la revista Alimentación, Equipos y Tecnología: La histamina en las distintas etapas de fabricación de conservas de atún y seis Ebooks: Disruptores Endocrinos, La Salud no es un Negocio, Obesidad Infantil. Rista. Respuesta Insuficientemente Adecuada, Vivir sin Cáncer, Ser Mayor sin Edad y Predisposición a Ser Homosexual.Posee tres licenciaturas (Farmacia, Ciencias Químicas, Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos) y experiencia en los departamentos de Calidad, Producción y Ventas.
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Infertility Is Not Just a Problem of the Couple - Carlos Herrero Carcedo
INFERTILITY IS NOT JUST
A PROBLEM OF THE COUPLE
Carlos Herrero Carcedo
www.carlosherrerocarcedo.com
INFERTILITY IS NOT JUST
A PROBLEM OF THE COUPLE
Carlos Herrero Carcedo
www.carlosherrerocarcedo.com
Copyright © 2020 by Carlos Herrero Carcedo
All rights reserved
LEGAL WARNING
It is strictly prohibited without the written permission of the copyright holder, the reproduction of this work by any means or process including reprography and computer processing.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. THE INCREASE OF REPRODUCTIVE PROBLEMS
2. ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS
3. FEMINIZATION OF MALES
4. ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS AND FERTILITY
5. EPIGENETICS
6. EPIGENETICS AND ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS
7. ABBREVIATIONS
1. THE INCREASE OF REPRODUCTIVE PROBLEMS
The rate of infertility continue to increase year after year, especially in developed countries. However, the different promoters related to reproductive problems are not the main cause of this alarming increase. For several decades, a new group of substances with an endocrine disrupting action has appeared on the scene, in addition to the commonly known factors: congenital defects, cancer, autoimmune disorders, diabetes, alcohol, myomas, ovarian cysts, coagulation disorders, thyroid disease, chemotherapy, drugs, hormonal imbalance, stress, smoking, obesity, excessive exercise, endometriosis, sexually transmitted infections, tubal, uterine or ovarian pathologies, old age, pelvic inflammatory disease and so on.
Infertility is the inability of a couple to have children, established as the absence of pregnancy after 12 months of sexual intercourse without contraceptive methods. Subfertility, much more frequent than absolute sterility, can be reversed after the implementation of certain behaviors that annul the partial impairment that existed. Without resorting to fertility treatments, the average monthly rate of pregnancy is 20% and couples achieve the desired conception during the first year in 93% of cases.
The prevalence of infertility in Western countries is higher than 10%, that is, one in eight couples has problems conceiving. Naturally, female fertility decreases progressively after 20 years whereas in the case of men there is a linear and constant reduction after 35 years. The causes are usually classified as 30% of female origin, 30% male, 25% mixed and 15% of unknown origin.
The reproductive potential of the woman is established by assessing the ovarian reserve through the levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), inhibin B (INHB) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the three first days of the menstrual cycle, the antral follicle echographic counts (AFC) and the determination of the levels of the Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Likewise, the assessment of the transcervical passage to the uterine cavity, uterine morphology and tubal function should be added. In subfertile men, analysis of the concentration, mobility and morphology of the sperm are performed.
The ovarian reserve of the woman throughout her fertile period can decrease up to 80% due to the presence of toxic environmental substances. Similarly, the available ovarian reserve, completed at 5 months of age of the