Carnage: The German Front in World War One
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About this ebook
These amazingly well preserved photographs originate from German collection. They cover the full gamut of the dreadful conditions that all troops involved in that ghastly war experienced between 1914 and 1918. The collection portrays life and conditions in the German trenches, the carnage of the wrecked villages and buildings in which they lived and fought and views of the destruction wrought by the Allied offensives. Many of the photos show downed British and French aircraft and often with their crew, dead or alive. Captured British and French troops are seen being held before shipment to PoW camps well behind the lines. The utter destruction of the country surrounding the Front is difficult to comprehend.
This is not a book for the feint hearted since it clearly portrays the true horror of World War One as experienced by the German Army.
“This work features images from an album belonging to an unnamed German infantry soldier portraying life and conditions in the German trenches in all its varied aspects. Well worth a look 9/10.” —The Great War Magazine
“A pictorial history of German Experiences on the Western Front. It contains over 1000 good quality black and white photographs with notes and annotations by the author. Overall this is an interesting book for the World War One enthusiast.” —Wargames, Soldiers & Strategy
Alistair Smith
Alistair Smith is an internationally known consultant, author and trainer. He has spoken to tens of thousands of teachers across the world and has written a number of books including: The Brain's Behind It: New Knowledge about the Brain and Learning, Help Your Child to Succeed: The Essential Guide for Parents and Accelerated Learning: A User's Guide. He is the designated learning consultant to the Football Association. He is also the author of Learning to Learn in Practice (ISBN 9781845902872).
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Carnage - Alistair Smith
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Chapter One
Before the Battle
The German states had only been united in 1871, but its military traditions had existed for more than a hundred years. Many of the smaller states had been absorbed by the Prussian system, with numbered regiments for example, but many still retained vestiges of their older identities with badges and titles.
The German army had a number of regular line regiments; supported by reserve regiments (each numbered and made up of demobilised soldiers). Backing these up were the Landwehr regiments and the Landsturm. Most of the regular army was made up of conscripts. Men would be expected to serve two years as infantry (or three if in the artillery or cavalry). After this initial period of service, the men would then be reservists for the next four or five years. Reservists were expected to make themselves available for training periods which were put on twice a year. After this period of service, the men would find themselves in the Landwehr. Their service would last another eleven years (or until they were thirty-nine). At this point, the men were finally transferred into the Landsturm (usually until the age of forty-five).
Although the majority of German soldiers could expect to be conscripted at the age of twenty, nominally all German males over the age of seventeen were on the Landsturm lists (this practice dated back to the Napoleonic times).
The pre-war German army stood at around 800,000 men, however by Christmas 1914, this had rapidly expanded to a staggering 5 million. By 1917, the German army stood at a strength of approximately 7 million. The key to this was the fact that the Germans could draw on a reserve (in 1914) of some 4.3 million trained soldiers. They were organised on some twenty Army Corps which collectively boasted eighty-seven infantry divisions and eleven cavalry divisions.
When the mobilisation orders were made in 1914, the Landwehr and Landsturm were immediately available for defence. Many were brought straight into new reserve divisions and corps which could be deployed as front-line troops.
As we will see in this collection of photographs, the German soldier had an impressive array of uniforms ranging from the ceremonial to the practical combat clothing. Equally, we can see some of the variations in uniform, as elements of regional differences remain in some of the detailing of the uniforms.
What is noticeable in these photographs is the absence of the Pickelhaube (spiked helmet). The dress version of polished black leather was replaced with the more practical pressed leather or felt model, either in rush green or field grey. This peculiar form of headgear had been introduced to Prussian infantry regiments in 1842. It had gone through several variations and developments, such as improvements to the chinstrap and the size of the spike, as well as the adoption of cloth covers.
The dress uniform of German troops was a dark blue jacket. The trousers would also tend to be dark blue, usually tucked inside long, marching boots. In the majority of cases the soldiers would wear a Mutz in a variety of different designs, some with peaks and some without. The Pickelhaube was eventually dispensed with and replaced with a Model 1916 steel helmet. This was largely as a result of a disproportionate number of head wounds due to the lack of protection provided by the Pickelhaube. The original German helmets were extremely heavy and after some tests it was decided that a universal issue of metal helmets would be made. They were supposed not to exceed 1kg in weight and they also needed to ensure that they provided good all-round vision, so this placed a practical limit on the side and neck