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    Diabetes Manual
    Diabetes Manual
    Diabetes Manual
    Ebook80 pages41 minutes

    Diabetes Manual

    By Abdulwahab Elbarsha

    ()

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    About this ebook

    This small ebook can be a guide for clinicians providing care for diabetic patients. It contains the most important aspects of diabetes mellitus that a physician needs to know and implement in daily practice.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherAbdulwahab Elbarsha
    Release dateDec 1, 2019
    ISBN9780463717585
    Diabetes Manual

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      Book preview

      Diabetes Manual - Abdulwahab Elbarsha

      ©2019 Abdulwahab Elbarsha

      All rights reserved

      Contents

      Preface

      The Diabetic Patient

      Diagnosis of Diabetes

      Principles of Insulin Treatment

      Adjunct Therapies for Type 1 Diabetes

      Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes

      Diabetes and Pregnancy

      Diabetes in the Emergency Department

      Monogenic Diabetes

      Management of Diabetic Dyslipidemia

      Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Diabetes

      Preface

      Abdulwahab Mostafa Elbarsha (1974-2018), was a consultant internist and endocrinologist, who spent most of his time and career in leading extraordinary and impressive educational projects in Benghazi University and other health and educational institutions, inside and outside Libya.

      This was in parallel to the unlimited support that he gave to all of his colleagues, students, and patients.

      He was innovative in every aspect of clinical practice and academic medical teaching. He never stopped thinking in making the difference, by implementing the best for improving every corner in the surroundings.

      Abdulwahab Elbarsha was and will remain an iconic personality in the domain of medical education, and health care for diabetic and endocrine patients, in Libya, forever.

      This small ebook is a silent remembrance of this man with resounding reputation. It’s a collection of his lectures, talks and tutorials in the field of diabetes mellitus, with the appropriate updates.

      I hope this and the upcoming editions, will serve as quick clinical reference for hospital physicians and general practitioners, and a guide for making clinical decisions according to the best available evidence.

      The editor

      December 14, 2019

      Benghazi, Libya

      Back to contents

      The Diabetic Patient

      Diagnostic Criteria:

      1-Symptoms of diabetes (polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss) plus casual

      2-plasma glucose concentration ≥ 200 mg/dl (any time of day without regard to time since last meal).

      3-FPG ≥126 mg/dl (no caloric intake for at least 8 hours).

      4- 2-hours oral glucose tolerance test ≥200 mg/dl (75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in water).

      5-A1C ≥ 6.5%.

      Fasting plasma glucose and A1C should be from the same sample

      One criterion is enough for diagnosis, but two criteria are required if there is no unequivocal hyperglycemia.

      Diagnostic Criteria:

      ●Diabetes:

      Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dL

      Casual plasma glucose (CPG) ≥ 200 mg/dL + symptoms

      Two-hour oral glucose tolerance test ≥ 200 mg/dL

      A1C > 6.5%

      ●Impaired fasting glucose (IFG)

      FPG 100-125 mg/dL

      ●Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)

      ≥ 140 and < 200 mg/dL

      Classification of Diabetes:

      1-Type 1 diabetes (Beta-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency)

      2-Type 2 diabetes (insulin resistance + relative insulin deficiency)

      3-Other specific types

      4-Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM

      Diabetic complications:

      Macrovascular:

      -Coronary artery disease

      -Cerebrovascular disease

      -Peripheral vascular disease

      Microvascular:

      -Diabetic nephropathy

      -Diabetic retinopathy

      -Diabetic neuropathy

      Acute complications:

      -Diabetic ketoacidosis

      -Hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma

      -Hypoglycemia (medications)

      Others:

      -Increased susceptibility to infections

      -Cataract

      Presenting illness:

      Classic symptoms of hyperglycemia

      -Polyuria

      -Polydipsia

      -Polyphagia

      -Weight loss

      Symptoms suggestive of diabetic ketoacidosis:

      -Abdominal pain

      -Vomiting

      -Dyspnea

      History suggestive of precipitating factor:

      -Missed insulin injection

      Infection:

      -Fever

      -Urinary symptoms (dysuria, loin pain, frequency)

      -Respiratory symptoms (sore throat, cough, sputum)

      Symptoms of hypoglycemia:

      Autonomic:

      -Sweating

      -Palpitations

      -Tremors

      -Hunger

      -Nervousness

      -Neuroglycopenic:

      -Confusion

      -Headache

      Drowsiness

      Odd behavior

      Review of systems:

      Cardiovascular:

      -Chest pain, dyspnea, claudication, ankle swelling

      Respiratory

      Neurological:

      -Weakness

      -Numbness, tingling, burning (glove or stocking)

      -Blurring or loss of vision

      Gastrointestinal:

      -Diarrhea (nocturnal)

      -Constipation

      Genitourinary:

      -Dysuria, frequency, loin pain

      -Vaginal discharge

      -Generalized swelling

      -Impotence

      -Urinary incontinence

      Skin

      Endocrine

      Past medical history:

      Age and characteristics of onset of

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