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    How to Resolve the Stubble Burning Pollution Challenge
    How to Resolve the Stubble Burning Pollution Challenge
    How to Resolve the Stubble Burning Pollution Challenge
    Ebook81 pages40 minutes

    How to Resolve the Stubble Burning Pollution Challenge

    By Sai Bhaskar Reddy Nakka

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    About this ebook

    Stubble burning is one of the causes of air pollution. As part of biomass management, the farmers are burning the crop residue in the fields. The emissions are a concern to the cities in the vicinity that is worsening the air quality of the already highly polluted cities. There are umpteen solutions to address the stubble burning pollution challenge. Conversion of stubble and other crop residues into Biochar is one of the solutions which could address the carbon sequestration and improve the fertility of the soil. In this book, all types of solutions are presented including the lost cost in situ pyrolysis technologies. This book is useful for practitioners and for drafting policies to address the issue.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherSai Bhaskar Reddy Nakka
    Release dateAug 15, 2019
    ISBN9780463916575
    How to Resolve the Stubble Burning Pollution Challenge
    Author

    Sai Bhaskar Reddy Nakka

    I am involved in Environment and Development work for the past 25 years. Contributing to Climate Resilience, Environmental Sustainability, Disaster Risk Reduction, Rural Energy - good stoves, biochar, Water Resources, and Agriculture. An innovator, writer, podcaster, lecturer, presenter, and development professional.

    Read more from Sai Bhaskar Reddy Nakka

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      Book preview

      How to Resolve the Stubble Burning Pollution Challenge - Sai Bhaskar Reddy Nakka

      Sai Bhaskar Reddy Nakka

      How to resolve the stubble burning pollution challenge

      Copyright © 2018 by Sai Bhaskar Reddy Nakka

      This book is written for knowledge sharing on the subject of stubble burning.

      This is an ‘Open Knowledge’ book as declared by the author. Email:

      saibhaskarnakka@gmail.com | http://saibhaskar.com

      First edition

      This book was professionally typeset on Reedsy

      Find out more at reedsy.com

      Contents

      Introduction

      Background

      Challenges

      I. IMPACTS

      Air

      Soil

      Health

      II. AGRICULTURE MANAGEMENT

      Fodder

      Mulching

      Fertilizers and Substrate Manure

      Crop Change

      Machines

      III. CONVERTING STUBBLE INTO BIOCHAR

      Biochar

      Wasted Biomass

      Stubble conversion into biochar

      Biochar communities

      Production technologies

      Kilns

      Retorts

      Open Source Biochar Production Technologies and Standards

      IV. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

      Biochar bricks

      Power generation

      Insulating material as filling and spreads

      Packaging goods and Paper/board making

      V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

      Policy and advocacy

      VI. REFERENCES

      References

      Misc

      Introduction

      Stubble burning is the deliberate setting fire of the straw stubble that remains after rice, wheat and other grains have been harvested. Burning is one of the ways to dispose of the straw left after a harvest so fields can be made ready for seeding.

      Burning of rice residues after harvest, to quickly prepare the land for wheat planting, around Sangrur, Punjab, India (Source: Wikipedia)

      The burning of stubble has a number of consequences and effects on the environment. Stubble burning in Punjab, Haryana and Uttarpradesh in northwest India has been cited as a major cause of air pollution in Delhi. From late September through October of each year, farmers mainly from Punjab and Haryana burn an estimated 35 million tons of crop waste from their wheat fields after harvesting, as a low-cost straw-disposal practice to reduce the turnaround time between harvesting and sowing for the second (winter) crop. Smoke from this burning produces a cloud of particulates visible in images from space, and has produced a toxic cloud in New Delhi, resulting in declarations of an air-pollution emergency. For this, NGT (National Green Tribunal) slapped a fine of Rs. 2 lakh on the Delhi Government for not filing an action plan providing incentives and infrastructural assistance to farmers to stop them from burning crop residue to prevent air pollution.

      Most farmers will only burn stubble’s when absolutely necessary, having considered all available options and the potential implications of burning.

      In the present modern civilization all along with mechanized agriculture, farmers all over the world in general and states of Punjab and Haryana in India in particular complain that rice straw has become a huge problem for them because they follow mechanized agriculture, are shortage of labour, need fast clearance of their fields for next crop etc.

      When rice/wheat is harvested by a combine harvester it leaves a significant length of straw on the field. Moreover, both wheat and rice are long-duration crops and with a short period available between rice harvesting and wheat plantation, increasing labour cost and non-availability of any user-friendly and cost effective technology to make the use of crop residue, burning of stubble seems the easiest and quickest way to get rid of rice straw to the farmers. In the absence of assured returns, farmers find stubble burning an economic way of managing the agro-waste.

      7-8 million tonnes of rice straw is burnt to ashes in Punjab alone between mid-October and November end, thereby resulting in emission of excessive toxic gasses leading to various environmental problems. It increases

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