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    Renal Artery Stenosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Renal Artery Stenosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Renal Artery Stenosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook109 pages1 hour

    Renal Artery Stenosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

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    About this ebook

    This book describes Renal Artery Stenosis, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
    Renal artery stenosis is a narrowing of one or both renal arteries that provides blood to the kidneys.
    The kidneys filter the blood of waste products, balance the electrolytes in the body, regulate blood pressure and trigger the production of red blood cells.
    The kidneys are excessively sensitive to any reduction in blood flow.
    When a renal artery becomes narrow due to plaque accumulation (stenosis) and blood flow is limited to even one kidney, high blood pressure can happen.
    Renal artery stenosis produces about 5% of all cases of hypertension and can decrease kidney size.
    When the stenosis affects both kidneys, it can also cause impaired kidney function (renal failure).
    Stenosis of both renal arteries is a chief cause of renal failure in the elderly person.
    Causes
    In young people, there is normally about an overgrowth of muscle tissue of the vessel wall called fibromuscular dysplasia
    In elderly people, there is often a matter of calcium deposits or cholesterol in the renal arteries causing hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis).
    Risk factors for renal artery disease are:
    1.Age over 50
    2.Diabetes
    3. High cholesterol
    4.Smoking
    5.High blood pressure
    6.Family history of coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, and renal artery disease
    7. Neurofibromatosis, a genetic disorder that disturbs cell growth in the nervous system, causing tumors to form on nerve tissue
    Small renal artery stenosis is common and causes little or no problems.
    When they reach a certain size, there may be problems like high blood pressure and kidney failure
    Symptoms
    High blood pressure that is not regulated by medicines and lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, may be a symptom of renal vascular disease.
    Symptoms of renal vascular disease may also involve occasions of fluid retention or congestive heart failure.
    In some patients, renal vascular disease may be completely asymptomatic.
    In serious cases, renal artery disease may cause kidney failure.
    Symptoms of kidney failure are:
    1.Weakness,
    2.Shortness of breath and
    3.Fatigue.
    Diagnosis
    Initially, blood tests are taken among other things, to assess elevated levels of the hormone's renin and aldosterone, and to assess renal function.
    Tests that can be used to diagnose renal artery stenosis are:
    1.Angiography, an X-ray examination in which the size of the renal artery is tested by contrast dye
    2.Abdominal duplex ultrasound,
    3.Magnetic resonance angiography
    4.Computed tomography
    Treatment:
    The correct treatment for a person is dependent on the seriousness of the disease and the person’s medical history.
    The aim of treatment is to prevent serious kidney damage and to reduce blood pressure.
    Hypertension is treated by ACE inhibitors or ARB medicines
    Some people with atherosclerosis may benefit from cholesterol-lowering medicines (statins).
    Lifestyle changes such as weight reduction, smoking cessation, exercise and a low-salt and low-fat diet can help slow or prevent renal artery disease.
    For some patients with considerable narrowing of the renal arteries, mostly patients with narrowed areas in the renal arteries on both sides of the body or those with serious symptoms, a procedure may be advised to widen the blocked arteries to restore circulation
    Renal angioplasty with stent can widen the narrowed renal ateries.
    In certain patients, surgical treatment may be required to restore blood flow to the kidney
    Endarterectomy, during which a vascular surgeon removes the diseased inner lining of the artery and the plaque deposits
    Bypass procedure, using a segment from another artery to detour around the blocked area

    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Renal Artery Stenosis
    Chapter 2 Causes
    Chapter 3

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateApr 25, 2019
    ISBN9780463693018
    Renal Artery Stenosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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      Book preview

      Renal Artery Stenosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Renal Artery Stenosis,

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      To

      The Condition,

      Diagnosis,

      Treatment

      And

      Related Conditions

      By

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2019 Smashwords Edition

      Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      To my wife Dorothy

      And my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      And Kelvin

      This book describes Renal Artery Stenosis, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      (What You Need to Treat Renal Artery Stenosis)

      This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Introduction

      I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

      My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

      Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

      I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

      This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

      From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

      Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

      For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

      The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

      The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

      Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

      As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

      Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

      I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

      I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

      I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

      Chapter 1

      Renal artery stenosis

      The kidneys are two fist-sized organs located on either side of the spine behind the abdominal cavity.

      Each kidney receives blood from the aorta through each of the major blood vessels, renal arteries.

      The kidney separates the waste and small amounts of fluid from the blood to form urine.

      In this way, the kidney rids the body of harmful substances.

      The kidneys have an important function by regulating the fluid in the body.

      Also, the kidney contributes to the production of some hormones that help regulate blood pressure in the body.

      These hormones are called renin, angiotensin and aldosterone and are formed when there is little blood to a kidney.

      The higher secretion of these hormones causes the reduced urine production and contraction of a number of blood vessels in the body.

      This leads to harmful high blood pressure that sometimes required treatment.

      What is renal artery stenosis?

      Renal artery stenosis is a narrowing of one or both renal arteries.

      The kidneys filter the blood of waste products, balance the electrolytes in the body, regulate blood pressure and trigger the production of red blood cells.

      The kidneys obtain their blood supply through the renal arteries directly from the aorta, the biggest artery that transports oxygen-rich blood from the heart to other organs in the body.

      The kidneys are excessively sensitive to any reduction in blood flow.

      When a renal artery becomes narrow due to plaque accumulation (stenosis) and blood flow is limited to even one kidney, high blood pressure (hypertension) can happen.

      Renal artery stenosis produces about 5% of all cases of hypertension and can decrease kidney size.

      When the stenosis affects both kidneys, it

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