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The Olive: Fruit of the gods
Azioni libro
Inizia a leggere- Editore:
- Fondo editorial USIL
- Pubblicato:
- Mar 5, 2019
- ISBN:
- 9789972748288
- Formato:
- Libro
Descrizione
The following pages will provide a description of the path that this natural fruit has taken through the course of history. Also, this book explains the health benefits of the so-called Mediterranean Diet – as a protection of our immune system and the primary prevention of caradiovascular diseases, and offers a collection of recipes prepared by chefs from USIL, that showcase olives and olive oil as star ingredients in combination with native food products such as potatoes, quinoa, golden berries, tumbo, camu-camu, etc.
Informazioni sul libro
The Olive: Fruit of the gods
Descrizione
The following pages will provide a description of the path that this natural fruit has taken through the course of history. Also, this book explains the health benefits of the so-called Mediterranean Diet – as a protection of our immune system and the primary prevention of caradiovascular diseases, and offers a collection of recipes prepared by chefs from USIL, that showcase olives and olive oil as star ingredients in combination with native food products such as potatoes, quinoa, golden berries, tumbo, camu-camu, etc.
- Editore:
- Fondo editorial USIL
- Pubblicato:
- Mar 5, 2019
- ISBN:
- 9789972748288
- Formato:
- Libro
Informazioni sull'autore
Correlati a The Olive
Anteprima del libro
The Olive - Fondo editorial USIL
According to historians, Tacna is a land of free, hard-working and patriotic men; their social stature is not attributed to the titles of vice-regal nobility, majestic stately homes or monumental churches.
Its history is adorned with honors won through creative work and patriotism.
Basically, it is a community of farmers and merchants, where the distribution of land ownership among many families has represented a symbol of individual freedom. Basadre, the famous historian and native of this region, tells us that, within the context of their poverty, the small farmers, homestead owners of their own parcels of land, were able to afford the minimum comforts, read and write, be independent and love their homeland
(Basadre, 2009).
Tacna is the southernmost city of Peru and, owing to its history and patriotism, one of the most beloved by all who are born in this country. The inheritance of the men and women of Tacna, who have deep roots in this territory traces back to ancient times, almost 10 thousand years ago, and has left its mark in cave paintings found in the Toquepala Cave, depicting with great realism, the story of a chaco
: the hunters form a circle around their prey, possibly camelids, until they trap them. The images are painted in red, green, yellow, black and white, and in great detail, display an ancestral hunting ritual in the Andes that has been preserved and reenacted over time (Kauffmann, 2002).
Currently, two-thirds of the soil of this region are the driest portions of coastal desert, traversed by the Locumba, Sama and Caplina Rivers, that animate the peaceful landscape of the countryside. To the south, the territory borders with Arica and the Atacama Desert, in Chile. On the other hand, the remaining one third is Andean landscape, a piece of the rugged Andean Mountain Range that is located to the south of the Collao Plateau and descends until reaching the Grau Sea. Here, the Andes Mountains are much closer to the coast than else in Peru.
Christopher Columbus Monument Donated by the Italian colony in Tacna.
Because of this unique geographical configuration, the native population was largely influenced by migratory movements coming from the various highland Aimara communities that flourished in their valleys. This early fusion between Andean highland and the ancestral inhabitants of this area, known as "puquina-tacama, was influenced by the great culture of Tiahuanco (Tello, 1942) and gave rise to the construction of villages and the farming of crops such as aji peppers, corn, beans, sweet potato and guava fruit in the region.
The Tiahuanaco culture extended throughout the south and Tacna’s coast was speckled with a melting pot of settlements inhabited by the Camanchas
, the Puquinas
, Atacama
and Uros
. The Tiahuanaco did not populate the region entirely because their Andean highland animals and crops could not thrive on the coast, but the caciques
or village chiefs in the area were their subjects. The border between the Tiahuanaco population and the coastal inhabitants was known as the coca line
because, beyond it, the coca plant would not grow properly.
Toward the second half of the 15th century, the Incan Empire conquers the Meseta del Collao and expands its presence to the Maule River in Chile, escalating its farming activities through water management practices and the construction of farm terraces in the Locumba, Sama and Caplina valleys. Extensive systems of agricultural terraces, water reservoirs, and irrigation channels are a testimony to Incan domination in highland communities (located at 3,000 to 3,500 m.a.s.l.) like Palca, Tarata, Susapaya, Candarave, Cairani and Boroguena.
Ornamental Fountain in Tacna’s Paseo Civico, Given to the city by the government of Jose Balta.
TACNA DURING THE COLONIAL ERA
Unlike other cities, Tacna was not founded in the Spanish Castilian style. Upon his return from Chile and on the road to Cuzco, the conqueror Diego de Almagro accompanied by two evangelists who baptized the inhabitants of villages along their journey and christened their villages with the names of saints according to which feast day it was. Tacna was christened on St. Peter’s Day. The settlement was accepted by the Viceroy Toledo in 1572 as a native mission or reduction that was densely populated by Aymara. Incorporating Spanish inhabitants to this settlement reduction was slow and more motivated by its pleasant climate and peaceful landscapes than any interest on the part of the royal officials.
Over the years, the valleys of Tacna underwent a period of ethnic mixing between the Aymara and Spanish until its population essentially became mestizo, powerfully cohesive and characterized by a strong collective tradition of attachment to land ownership (INEI, 2000).
Its valley’s fertile soil, mild climate and proximity to the Port of Arica (currently part of Chile), contributed to its prosperity during the Viceroyalty period. In fact, the silver from Potosi in Alto Peru, (today part of Bolivia), arrived in Callao by way of the Port of Arica passing through Tacna.
Temperatures at daybreak in Tacna are relatively cold and one can feel the cold mountain air; the same occurs at sundown. The wind coming in from the ocean and altered by 45 kilometers of dry deserts, creates a sensation of moderate warmth
.
Elsewhere, the indigenous territory of Tacna – subjected to the azogue
or a system of taxes paid with labor, contributed with a contingent of natives who went to the Port of Arica to organize the unloading of mercury arriving from Huancavelica that were then transported on the backs of camelids all the way to Potosi.
After depleting its rich silver deposits, Tacna’s economy began to languish but started to grow during the uprisings for independence from Spain. If Tupac Amaru sounded the first bugle call of rebellion against Spain in Cusco in 1780, for better government and fairer treatment for the natives, the first definite proclamation of Peru’s independence was issued in Tacna.
It is a source of great pride for Tacna that on June 20, 1811, the fiery gesture of Francisco Antonio de Zela, backed by a determined group of Tacna people from every social class, gave the great clarion call for independence before any other town during Peru’s viceroyalty, and let their voices be openly and irrefutably heard declaring themselves to be Peruvian and wanting their freedom.
In spite of the defeat of this attempt at secession, Tacna’s defiance was manifested again with the revolt of Enrique Paillardelle in 1813, and years later with the relentless support provided by the patriotic forces led by Guillermo Miller in 1821 upon entering this city. For all of these deeds, Tacna received the honorary title of the Heroic City
in 1828 for it distinguished service to the cause of
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