Complementary Medicine, Beauty and Modelling

Copyright © 2011 by Agata A. Listowska, MA and Mark A. Nicholson, ASO.

ISBN: Hardcover    978-1-4568-8896-1

ISBN: Softcover      978-1-4568-8895-4

ISBN: Ebook          978-1-4568-8897-8

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.

Email: beautymodelling@gmail.com

Agata A. Listowska, MA (Physical Education)

Post.Grad. (Fizjoterapii)., Adv.Dip.Ac., Dip.B.Th., Cert.Irid., Cert.Kinesiology.

Mark A. Nicholson, ASO

BA., D.Hom.M., Adv.Dip.Nat., Grad.Dip.Ryodo., Dip.Med.H., Dip.Irid.

Dip.Ac., ND.

Website: www.beautymodelling.com & www.beautymodelling.co.uk

This book was printed in the United States of America.

To order additional copies of this book, contact:

Xlibris Corporation

0-800-644-6988

www.xlibrispublishing.co.uk

Orders@xlibrispublishing.co.uk

301234

CONTENTS

Contents

Foreword

The Authors

Acknowledgements

Model, Photographers, Designers etc

CHAPTER 1   Introduction to Beauty and Modelling

Part 1: Beauty and Physical Features

Part 2: Professional Modelling

Part 3: Photographers and the Modelling Profession

Part 4: Posing Practice

Part 5: Junior and Teenage Modelling

CHAPTER 2   Body Components

Part 1: The Visible Body

Part 2: Body and Mind Communication

Part 3: Professional Modelling

Part 4: Head and Hair

Part 5: Hands and Nails

Part 6: Characteristics of the Legs and Feet

Part 7: Postural Analysis

Part 8: Pelvis Shape and Thighs

Part 9: Shoulder Alignment

CHAPTER 3   Facial Characteristics

Part 1: Domestic Beauty

Part 2: Facial Features

Part 3: Facial Characteristics

Part 4: Significant Facial Components

Part 5: Eye Slope Lines (ESLines)

CHAPTER 4   Cosmetics and Perfumes

Part 1: Cosmetics

Part 2: Vegan Cosmetics

Part 3: Perfumes

CHAPTER 5   Skin Care and Skin Conditions

Part 1: Skin Care

Part 2: Common Skin Conditions

CHAPTER 6   Cosmetic Paramedical Tattooing

CHAPTER 7   Food and Nutrition

Part 1: Diet and Physical Appearance

Part 2: Ageing

Part 3: Food Cravings

Part 4: Caloric Value of Food

Part 5: Tips for a Healthy Appearance

Part 6: Vital Nutrition

Part 7: Vegan Nutrition

Part 8: Major Nutrients

Part 9: Mineral Therapy: Brief Explanations

CHAPTER 8   Selected Body Systems

Part 1: The Spinal Column and Structural Alignment

Part 2: Cranial Nerves

Part 3: Dermatomes and Sclerotomes

Part 4: Teeth

Part 5: The Tongue

Part 6: Circulation

Part 7: Digestion

Part 8: Fat Tissue and Weight Loss

CHAPTER 9   Traditional Chinese Medicine & Meridian Therapy

Part 1: Yin/Yang and the 5-Element Theory

Part 2: The 12 Meridians

Part 3: Meridian Therapy

Part 4: Acupuncture Points

CHAPTER 10   Iridology

Part 1: Eyes and Irises

Part 2: Pupil Configurations

Part 3: Iris Signs

Part 4: Pupil Compressions

CHAPTER 11   Natural Substances for Common Conditions

Part 1: Mineral Salt Therapy

Part 2: Herbal Medicine

CHAPTER 12   Bach Flowers

Part 1: Introduction to Bach Flowers

Part 2: Emotions and Traditional Chinese Medicine

Part 3: Emotions and Mineral Salt Requirements

Part 4: Dr. Bach’s 38 Flower Essences

CHAPTER 13   Yoga and Meditation416

Part 1: Yoga Practices

Part 2: Chakras: Sound, Frequency, and Resonance

Part 3: Auras and Colours

CHAPTER 14   Star Signs And Astrological Indications

Part 1: Star Signs, Shadows, and Conception

Part 2: Astrological Shadows

Part 3: Astrological Mirrors

Bibliography

Endnote References

FOREWORD

My connection with the authors Agata and Mark started one hot Australian summer day in Melbourne some years ago when Agata and I worked together on modelling assignments. At that time, the idea for a book on beauty and natural medicine was starting to take shape. Today, I have the great privilege to be writing the foreword to the completed work. Our world is changing.

As the human race is now more than ever aspiring to unlock the secrets of beauty, health and ‘eternal’ youth, complementary medicine is entering the mainstream.

As a professional glamour and fashion photographer for over 35 years, I work almost daily with girls and boys throughout Australia who wish to enter into a modelling career or who have already established a track record in the industry. As a make-up artist, I also deal with beauty and health related questions while working on models’ looks and the cosmetics needed for all types of photography.

The book in front of us gives us an insight into the world of what we, as human beings, perceive and define as ‘beauty’, and also shows us how we can use complementary medicine principles to achieve and maintain it.

In this book, the authors are looking at modelling and beauty in a broad sense, covering not only professional modelling but also how the same principles can apply in our everyday lives.

In the words of the book authors: All that is needed is an understanding of one’s own body and the simple principles of body-mind equilibrium, even if the result is merely to feel good, appear healthy, increase self-confidence, and satisfy those of us who wish to feel more attractive.

I sincerely believe that this book will help you to understand and apply these complementary medicine health principles in your personal life and business endeavours.

Srdjan Nikolic

Professional Photographer and Make-up Artist: www.srdjan.com.au

THE AUTHORS

Our introduction to photographic and glamour modelling came about years ago from attending courses with experienced and professional photographers in Australia. But what interested us initially were the various health issues of the models who answered photographers’ requests for modelling engagements, as well as the high aspirations of those who wanted to become professional models. Whereas some models recognized their shortcomings, others just could not see where they could make improvements to their appearance.

As a personal trainer, with qualifications in sports education, physiotherapy, acupuncture, and beauty therapy, as well as her previous years of experience in professional modelling, Agata Listowska understands the intricacies of modelling and aesthetics, and where complementary medicine can beneficially apply.

With Mark’s 20 years experience in natural medicine, our main reason for writing this book was to identify some of the complementary medicine approaches to physical, mental, and emotional aspects of beauty, modelling, or glamour photography that could assist aspiring models, as well as those interested in health, beauty, and grooming even if not involved in professional modelling

So, if you would like to have greater confidence in your appearance, beauty, and health, or if your dream is to be a model, this book can show you how the application of a few principles of complementary medicine may assist you.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We take this opportunity to express our gratitude to the International models who grace these pages with their photographs, together with the photographers who kindly authorised their publication.

We also wish to thank those who assisted or gave us interviews, and those who provided additional images or assistance to better illustrate the relevant text.

Special thanks and acknowledgement are extended to Xzarina Nicholson (Australia) and Bebe Vaughan (USA) for their assistance in proof reading, advice, and suggestions.

In alphabetical order by professional name or surname:

Agnieszka (Poland); Catherine Allen (UK); Caetlyn Armstrong (Australia); Maddison Babb (UK); Jessica Bailey (Australia); Bella Beckerman (Australia); Shaun Bedford (Australia); Kim Besant (UK); Tiziana Bertinotti (Italy); Rob Bini (Australia); Raisa Bondar (Poland); Charlie Boumitri (Australia); Patrick Braz (Australia); Nadia Butler (Australia); Lauren Caccaviello (Australia); Michael Chipperfield (Australia); Bruce Coburn (Australia); James Craven (UK); Sandra Dawn (UK); Salvatore Di Ciaccio (Italy); Dee Dwyer (Australia); Davide Esposito (Italy); Jacinta Gleeson (Australia); Chanique Greyling (Australia); Anna Grigorenko (Ukraine); Marek Guszczyn (Poland); Urszula Guszczyn (Poland); Zuzanna Guszczyn (Poland); Elizabeth Hawksley (UK); Martin Hewitt (UK); Dorota Jakoniuk (Poland); Biljana Josevska (Australia); Jacinta Jellet (Australia); Leigh-Chantelle Koch (Australia); Anita Kovac (Australia); Karyn McIntyre (UK); Marilyn McIntyre (UK); Misty Martin (Australia); Milos Mlynarik, (Australia); Shulay Matthews (UK); Andrew Merrell (Australia); Hermann Müller (Australia); Frank Navratil (Czech Rep); Amanda Neill (Australia); Nelly Nicholson (UK); Voszek Nicholson (Australia); Xzarina Nicholson (Australia); Zashalla Nicholson (Australia); Srdjan Nikolic (Australia); Viridiana Olivares (Mexico); Jared Palpratt (Australia); Brigette Paroissien (Australia); Boikanyo Phenyo & Katrinah Phenyo (Botswana); Zoe Pogonowski (Australia); Jackson Pritchard (Australia); Andrew Restuccia (Australia); Vicente Rodriguez (Mexico); Halina Rząsa (Poland); Ireneusz Sęk (Poland); Simon Sheridan (Australia); Sandra Sheridan (Australia); Danica Snashall (Australia); Madeleine Southwood (Australia); Melanie Stephens (Ireland); Martin Stiles (Australia); Lillian Teng (Taiwan); Jeremi Topajew (Poland); Elisha Tremayne (Australia); Holly Vallance (Australia); Bebe Vaughan (USA); Phillip Watson (UK); Edyta Weeks (UK); Tania Wieclaw (Australia); Karen White (Australia); Ewa Wojtowicz-Sęk (Poland); Yana Yedakova (Australia); Danielle Young (Australia); Ania Zoltkowski (Australia).

Agata A. Listowska, MA. & Mark A. Nicholson, ASO

 *****

Models—Photographers Makeup Artists—Fashion Designers—Hairdressers

MODELS CITED IN THE BOOK

Models are cited in alphabetical order by surname or professional name:

PHOTOGRAPHERS, FASHION DESIGNERS, MAKEUP ARTISTS, & HAIRDRESSERS, ETC

 *****

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO BEAUTY

AND MODELLING

Part 1: Beauty and Physical Features

1.        People may believe that real beauty is to be reserved for young and slim models who appear in magazines and advertising, and on the world’s catwalks.

2.        Although this might be true in professional modelling such as for the models featured in this book, ‘home modelling’ is for everyone and not just for those perceived to be sufficiently striking for the modelling profession.

3.        Conventional beauty is often seen as a commodity kept only for those who are perceived to be incredibly attractive and good-looking. Therefore, the majority of us may never envisage ourselves having the physical criteria for beauty contests, photographic modelling, or a career posing in front of cameras strutting about on the catwalks of the world.

4.        Yet we all have our own specific measurements, proportions, features, and personal attributes that make us unique.

5.        Therefore, if we approach with sincerity whatever qualities and shortcomings we may have, then, should we feel the need, we can always make improvements to our general appearance that will often result in a better temperament as well as a greater appreciation of our individual physical attributes. It is however true that with a good photograph of ourselves we can indeed enhance our self-esteem, just as cosmetics can for those who rely on them. Yet no one should allow society values alone to judge a person’s appearance.

6.        Even dressing up for a social event or a wedding is as much ‘modelling’ as appearing on a catwalk or being featured in a magazine, even though the reasons for doing so may be quite different.

7.        There are many beautiful people in the world who are not part of the modelling profession, and who don’t necessarily wish to be.

Model Photo 1¹

8.        However, realistically, everyone can still use the same values and principles of professional modelling to enhance their own looks and confidence in everyday life without even aspiring to selection for the catwalks of the world.

9.        All that is needed is an understanding of one’s own body and the simple principles of body-mind equilibrium, even if the result is merely to feel good, appear healthy, increase self-confidence, and satisfy those of us who wish to feel more attractive.

10.     Without diminishing the quality of their appearance, the same principles may apply to all those who consider that their physical features could do with some improvement.

Beauty Defined

Model Photo 2²

11.     The beauty that a woman expresses in her daily life is like a declaration of herself and the person she wishes to present to the world, whether it is caring for children and family, managing a business, studying, or just spending time with friends and relatives.

Model Photo 3³

12.     Although there may be many explanations or descriptions of beauty and how it could be defined, one might be:

A combination of external features displayed by a person, prompting physical or mental attraction from others by the person’s apparent aesthetic qualities.

13.     Effectively what this can mean in simple terms is that one person might see attractive features in another person based on uniquely individual standards of attraction.

14.     This is no less so for men, who often see their appearance, physique, and physical attributes as a means to establish themselves in society and express their individuality.

Model Photo 4⁴

15.     No matter what, everyone is beautiful in his or her own way. However, what one person sees in another and the level of attraction created are often very different from another person’s opinion of the same image. If a person’s external ‘beauty’ must be defined, it will inevitably take on many descriptions, for whatever it is that beauty involves must resonate with each viewer on a very personal and subjective basis.

16.     We must accept that human beauty comes in many forms, based on body shapes and sizes, and of course, ages. In the arena of modelling, though, one must nonetheless differentiate between personal improvement and professional glamour modelling. Anyone can be a ‘home model’, but not everyone can be a professional photographic model sufficient for magazines.

Physical Appearance: Males and Females

17.     Consequently, the beauty of a person actually perceived by someone else will be seen from an expressly individual perspective.

18.     As such, since everyone’s opinion is unique, that particular definition of ‘beauty’ can very easily incorporate everyone’s specific criteria of what beauty might involve, even though the quest for beauty is unpreventable.

Model Photo 5⁵

19.     On that basis, many people might prefer to use terms such as ‘attractive’ or ‘pretty’ rather than the word ‘beautiful’ to describe their particular feelings of allurement towards a female or her elegant external characteristics. For males, the terms ‘handsome’ and ‘attractive’ will usually express similar judgment.

Model Photo 6⁶

20.     This book incorporates some of the complementary medicine principles that may assist not only in professional and amateur modelling but also with beauty in the home.

21.     Importantly, this book is not specifically designed to identify the chemistry of cosmetic products or manufacturing processes; nor is it designed to promote one method or product over another for improving body areas that some would see as necessary or essential to alter.

22.     What we intend here is to identify ways in which you can be viewed by others and, if necessary, what self-improvements you might contemplate.

23.     But one thing is absolutely certain, just as nobody can bring a boiled egg back to its original state, some things just cannot be changed. An adult who is 165cms tall will never be 180cms, and if someone has lovely facial features but a disappointing figure or physique, then those disappointments must be accommodated if they cannot be altered through diet, exercise, or by other means. Therefore, some long-standing shortcomings may have to be embraced as part of the individuals that we all are.

Complementary Medicine in Beauty and Modelling

24.     Complementary health involves numerous practises ranging from herbal medicine, homoeopathy, mineral therapy, nutrition, acupuncture, traditional Chinese medicine, and osteopathy, for example, to remedial massage, aromatherapy, reflexology, and many other forms of tactile management.

25.     In the beauty therapy professions, these practices seek to improve physical appearance and enhance emotional well-being. However, in times of medical necessity, or otherwise for aesthetic reasons, some people will, from desire or necessity, opt for cosmetic surgery or other medical procedures to improve their appearance. In ordinary circumstances, others will confine themselves to professional or personal grooming. However, even though beauty and cosmetics are usually regarded as applying predominantly to females, the concepts shown here can undoubtedly also apply to males where relevant.

26.     Although the general public go to beauty and hair dressing salons when they feel they need to, for aspiring models there is often some urgency in improving physical appearance since the competition for modelling assignments is often intense. When skin defects or blemishes occur, or when illness or ailments restrict modelling appearances, there are different safe options available to resolve these situations as quickly as reasonably possible.

27.     For long-term problems such as serious skin conditions or perceived weight problems and the emotional stresses that limit a model’s professional progress, there are fewer options available. Nonetheless, there are many avenues of approach within the complementary medicine toolbox that can provide assistance and improvement.

28.     Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners will generally assess health issues on very different premises to those of mainstream medical practice, suggesting substances and forms of treatment that often have little resemblance to pharmaceutical drugs or conventional medical procedures.

29.     Therefore, some of the treatments and protocols referred to in this book should be seen as unique to complementary medicine practices wherever applied.

30.     Many of the physical features we are born with must remain, even with the body’s inherent ability to heal and rectify many of its errors if given the proper chance to do so. By understanding traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) philosophy, for instance, we might see that our organs, meridians, and bodily features have important correspondences.

31.     Beauty and attractive physical features reside in both male and female models in varying ways, with improvements in personal features available to everyone according to individual needs and perception.

32.     In traditional Chinese medicine, for example, the eyes are regarded as the windows of the liver, with liver function indicating the quality of the tendons and ligaments, and being reflected in the nails. Ears are described as the ‘windows’ of the kidneys, with the kidneys controlling the teeth. The nose is the window of the lung, manifesting in the skin and ‘body hair. The spleen is reflected in the lips; the gums are related to the stomach; and the skin corresponds internally with the lungs.⁷

33.     So, where an organ is defective or undernourished, it is the relevant external body component that in TCM provides a reflection of its condition.

34.     In complementary medicine, the skin is said to take on a responsibility as a 3rd kidney because of its vicarious elimination abilities, and its function as a compensatory mechanism for respiratory acidosis and alkalosis. As such, in traditional Chinese medicine various external features are seen as reflections of the working levels of the internal organs and their representative meridians.

Models and Beauty

35.     Not everyone will be able to emulate the features of the professional models shown in this book, nor will they be expected to devote as much time in grooming.

36.     Nonetheless, whatever adjective is used, the word ‘beauty’, when spoken of in relation to a female particularly, seems to be reserved for describing those of her external features that reside at the highest level of personal physical appeal.

Model Photo 7⁸

37.     It doesn’t always have to be so, but advertising and the promotion of photographic and magazine beauty tend to influence much of people’s opinions as to what amounts to ‘beautiful’ as an indicator of human attractiveness. Shallow though this outlook may seem to be, it is often a sufficient motivation for many to be disappointed with their own physical attributes and strive to alter or improve them accordingly.

38.     If the principles of natural and complementary health practices are followed it is not inconceivable that significant improvement can be achieved and that alone can enhance emotional welfare, better health, and physical appearance.

39.     Generally, if a woman sees an imperfection in her physical appearance she will try to rectify it. Many men, however, will usually make similar attempts at first, but if their motivation to continue isn’t sufficiently strong they will likely give up if those early attempts are unsuccessful.

40.     This is not a criticism, just an apparent fact, even though many men are becoming increasingly conscious of the need for better grooming and personal attractiveness in the way that would be portrayed by professional models. However, instead of concentrating on any perceived negative aspects of facial and body-mind analysis, positive considerations help us realise what sort of people we are. In this respect, Hermann Müller⁹ sees body-mind-analysis as being able to explain ‘the relationship between the language of body-mind communication’.¹⁰

41.     For Melanie Stephens,¹¹ the common adage that ‘beauty is only skin deep’ is a bit of a fallacy, she says.

When you refer to beauty, you may be referring to the symmetry and proportions of the face; largely determined by genetics. This much you have very little control over unless you opt for surgical enhancement. For most of us, there is more to beauty than merely its shape and contours, since beauty in its initial reality is influenced greatly by the overall health of the skin, lips, eyes, hair and nails.

Model Photo 8¹²

There are many anxieties for people who see themselves needing additional beautification. Premature ageing, wrinkling of the skin, dark bags under the eyes, nails that chip or split, skin blemishes, dryness/oiliness and rashes, dry-cracking lips, dull and lifeless hair, cellulite, widening thighs, and bloating belly are some aspects that we all have to face at some time in our lives. The list seems endless.

So, if you fit into any of these categories you will be pleased to know that all these factors are heavily influenced by your current dietary and lifestyle habits, and much less so from your genetic inheritance. As such, you can almost take over the full control of your external appearance.

The average lifespan for skin cells is 2-4 weeks, for example. So every month, you should have the ability to look better, feel healthier, and be far more vibrant than last month.

Therefore, what you eat and what enters your body matters very much indeed.

This is because every new cell must be made from the raw ingredients that you supply from your diet. Everything you eat (or what you don’t eat enough of) will have either a positive or negative influence on the health of the new cells that your body manufactures.

Do your skin cells have all the nutrients they require for proper functioning? Are there any substances you have consumed compromising the working machinery of your cells? You may be thinking: ‘It’s not just what I eat that gives me acne; I am told that it’s my hormones’, and that may be right. But does this allow you to continue excusing yourself each time you eat more junk foods or fizzy drinks? Not so. What you choose to eat will not only affect the health of the cells in a direct manner, but also indirectly. The foods you choose to eat can alter your hormone levels, influence how well you manage your weight and burn up fat, influence your ability to deal with stress, and much more. Therefore, your food intake should supply the building blocks for all cells within your body, particularly since they are being constantly replaced.

Essentially, your body and its appearance will reflect what you eat and drink. Skin is the largest organ of the body and if it isn’t healthy just imagine what state the rest of your body is in, especially the parts you can’t see.

So, by eating the foods that improve your overall health, you will begin to see healthier more beautiful skin and, of course, a renewed and vibrant appearance. An added bonus to choosing the types of foods that will optimise the appearance of your skin, hair and nails is that you will also begin to feel great on the inside.

Your energy will lift and your mood will brighten, helping you to create a fabulous new you, both inside and out. Your mood will lift and stabilise, and those niggling health complaints such as headaches, premenstrual annoyances, flatulence, and bloating will begin to dissipate.

If beauty is a priority for you or you just want to look lovelier, then maybe it’s time to recognise whether the foods you are now eating are either nourishing you or just being an extra burden on your health.

Tactile Therapies

42.     In every lifestyle, tactile therapies can find their place in matters of health and beauty. Whether it is massage therapy, reflexology, manipulation, acupuncture, aromatherapy, electrotherapy, or any other form of tactile procedure within the numerous complementary therapies, some form of external application to the skin surface generally brings peacefulness to the body and mind as the feeling of touch relaxes the whole body.

43.     Consequently, many forms of therapeutic massage, from foot or head massage, to facial or whole body massage, become integral components of beauty regimes for soothing muscles, by enhancing circulation, revitalizing the external skin, and allowing for greater relaxation of tired or overworked bodies.

Part 2: Professional Modelling

Physical Features in Professional Modelling

44.     Professional modelling has many categories, ranging from casual, glamour, swimwear, lingerie, runway, sport, fashion, hair, make-up, and fine art, to the more adventurous types of modelling that might include acting, exotic photography, nudity, and dancing. Usually, however, the majority of models will initially hope to enter the more noticeable categories of fashion, catwalk, photographic, and glamour modelling.

Model Photo 9¹³

45.     In a photo comprising two or more models, each one has to look equally attractive or else the photo will detract from the quality of its presentation.

46.     Although only some modelling categories are represented here, the featured International models in this book show that their diets, eating habits, personal care procedures, and use of cosmetic products take high priority in their modelling careers, whilst also having health and exercise regimes that help them to maintain their looks and figures for modelling.

47.     These are the essential considerations, since models are constantly aware of premature ageing of the skin and metaplasia (abnormal change in tissue), as well as the potential damage that can be caused by use of corrosive, substandard, or inappropriate cosmetics or beauty treatments.

48.     Many professions may not regard physical appearance as significant; yet, the ‘modelling profession’ is in this sense rather unique. Overt physical appearance plays a critical role in the success of a model’s career, particularly in relation to complexion, hair, skin, figure, proportionality, and make-up for the modelling categories in which she chooses to pose. But excess flab is always instantly recognisable.

49.     Personal presentation in all occupations very often accounts for a great deal in this world of ours. However, more important in modelling is that a model must ‘look the part’; as verified by the international models featured here.

Model Photo 10¹⁴

50.     In the modelling profession, physical appearance for a ‘model’ tends to account for the main emphasis of photographic and fashion modelling in particular.

51.     The demands placed on a female model in particular invoke the constant need to use cosmetics and accessories to improve her looks to the satisfaction of herself and those who wish to engage her in modelling opportunities.

52.     For male models, physique and grooming seem to be the primary hallmarks of their success.

53.     In all modelling situations, models may have some aspect of their physical appearance that they might regard as a shortcoming; something that must be recognised by the models themselves, even if some of those shortcomings can be cosmetically concealed. It could be large ears, a protruding nose, increased fat tissue in certain areas, a noticeable facial mole, or a short or long neck, for instance. However, even though none of these should ever be thought of as an actual defect, they should be confronted and accepted, and, if possible, used positively. Insecurity is absolutely unnecessary.

External Features in Complementary Health

54.     Even in everyday life, facial features give some insight into the general traits and personalities of our friends and acquaintances if we take time to look. How often do we see attractive models, yet on close reflection discover that modelling and its preparations may have taken a toll on their bodies in some way?

55.     Models have to contend with the regimes of skin care, make-up, body building, dental work, muscle toning, sleep deprivation, nail care, cosmetics, eye care, lip care, hair colouring, hair styling, emotional stress, dietary deficiencies, extensive travel, early photo shoots, and long hours of standing, kneeling, sitting and posing in various and sometimes awkward positions. What a list!

56.     Other matters to be considered include scars, injuries, tattoos, piercings, range of joint movement, pain, discomfort, spasms, irregular muscular contractions, and vertebral misalignments, all of which can result in alterations of limb positioning and postural irregularity, as well as possible organ dysfunctions that arise from vertebral fixation and subluxation, and nerve compression or nerve damage. Fortunately, the human body is extremely resilient and can manage great abuse for a while; but in time, it cannot always do so effectively. In youth, bodies can more easily overcome many of the difficulties that arise, but later in life, the ability to recover becomes more complex, time-consuming, and distressing.

57.     Nobody is flawless, but for some modelling specifications there are many models who are regarded as being sufficiently close to the required ideal category in order for a professional assignment to be offered to them.

58.     Yet, so often, we are all very self-critical of ourselves in many respects, even if others don’t have the same firm misapprehensions about our looks.

59.     Irrespective of location, the modelling profession worldwide recruits numerous people, both female and male, who aspire to notoriety and fame in magazines, advertisements, and films.

60.     Some people, however, are content merely to improve their individual modelling portfolios and have pride in knowing they have achieved a dream or vision otherwise unavailable to others.

Model Photo 11¹⁵

61.     For some very specific modelling assignments, models must possess the necessary figure and physical features.

62.     This is particularly so when models choose ‘fashion’ as their modelling talent, since the demands placed on them for that particular form of expertise are invariably more critical than photographic or other modelling situations.

63.     Although models aren’t expected to be perfect, they must however be ‘selectively photogenic’ and be able to move and pose according to the moment and circumstance.

64.     This means adapting to the immediate requirements of modelling shoots and altering poses as circumstances demand, with a good understanding of photographers’ assignments and commercial responsibilities.

Fashion Modelling

65.     Fashion modelling and catwalk modelling are