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    On the Edge of Extinction
    On the Edge of Extinction
    On the Edge of Extinction
    Ebook156 pages1 hour

    On the Edge of Extinction

    By Royal Sutton

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    It was nearly the turn of the century. Not only was the century changing but the ways of life were changing. Many new inventions were making life easier. Electricity was becoming more and more available. Travel was becoming more comfortable and convenient. The awareness of the plight of the Native American Indians was more widely known. The Wounded Knee Massacre was a recent occurrence. As more and more people were exposed to the manner in which Indians were treated, attitudes changed. The Indian population had declined to its lowest ebb at the turn of the century.

    The Trans-Mississippi Exposition in Omaha was an opportunity to show off many of the new inventions and to help the rest of the country be aware of the riches West of the Mississippi. One Frank A. Rinehart, the premier photographer in Omaha, was appointed the Official Photographer for the Trans-Mississippi Expo. At the last minute, it was decided to bring about 500 Indians to the Expo to show attendees the human side of this misunderstood people. Rinehart had the unique opportunity to produce photographic portraits of each of the Native Americans in attendance. "The Edge of Extinction" not only highlights some of those portraits of this handsome race, but also gives a view of life in Omaha, the commentary of the national press concerning the Trans-Mississippi, a look at the man who was Rinehart and more so as to help understand this time in the history of the Midwest.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherAuthorHouse
    Release dateDec 18, 2013
    ISBN9781491842058
    On the Edge of Extinction
    Author

    Royal Sutton

    Royal Sutton, born and raised in Wisconsin, moved to Omaha, NE thanks to the Air Force, met and married Kathryn Bennett, a Western Nebraska rancher's daughter. They raised three children who now live in Downer's Grove, IL, Cheyenne, WY and Poulsbo, WA. Kathryn passed away on February 24, 2013 after experiencing Alzheimer's for six years. Royal had the good fortune of working at the Rinehart-Marsden Studio in Omaha, eventually taking over the ownership but closing the studio in 1969. The one important thing that survived that closing, were nearly 500 glass plate negatives produced by Frank A. Rinehart, the founder of the Studio. The negatives were portraits of Native American Indians who were brought to the Trans-Mississippi Exposition in 1898 as an exhibition. Sutton published "The Face of Courage" in 1972 featuring the portraits produced by Rinehart. Since more than a generation has passed since then, Sutton was convinced it was time to make certain later generations would know of this record of a race that in 1898 was truly on the "Edge of Extinction".

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      Book preview

      On the Edge of Extinction - Royal Sutton

      AuthorHouse™ LLC

      1663 Liberty Drive

      Bloomington, IN 47403

      www.authorhouse.com

      Phone: 1-800-839-8640

      © 2013, 2014 Royal Sutton. All rights reserved.

      No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means without the written permission of the author.

      Published by AuthorHouse 02/15/2014

      ISBN: 978-1-4918-4184-6 (sc)

      ISBN: 978-1-4918-4183-9 (hc)

      ISBN: 978-1-4918-4205-8 (e)

      Library of Congress Control Number: 2013922922

      Any people depicted in stock imagery provided by Thinkstock are models, and such images are being used for illustrative purposes only.

      Certain stock imagery © Thinkstock.

      Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any web addresses or links contained in this book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. The views expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them.

      Contents

      Introduction

      Frank A. Rinehart—Official Photographer

      1898—A Historical Perspective

      Omaha

      The State Of Photography

      Trans-Mississippi Exposition & Indian Congress

      Views From The Media

      Ponderings Of A Protégé

      Apache

      Arapaho(E)

      Assiniboine

      Blackfoot

      Cheyenne

      Chippewa

      Crow

      Flat Heads (Selish)

      Fox & Sac

      Kiowa

      Omaha

      Pawnee

      Pima

      Ponca

      Pueblo

      Sioux

      Tonkawa

      Winnebagos

      Introduction

      In 1953 I was a young member of the U.S. Air Force stationed at Offutt Air Force Base near Omaha, Nebraska. Joining the Air Force in 1951 at the zenith of the Korean Conflict to avoid being drafted into the Army, being sent to Ft. Leonard Wood in Missouri for basic training and then being sent on to Korea. The Air Force provided an opportunity to serve your country and benefit from training for other disciplines that would be valuable when returning to civilian life. Air Force recruits were still required to learn the art of war. My duties at Offutt required the usual eight hour day. Offutt was the headquarters of the Strategic Air Command led by General Curtis LeMay. I was assigned to the photo lab in the 544th Reconnaissance Technical Squadron where I initially helped process 24 X 30 inch, black and white aerial photographs. These photographs were forwarded to the Photo Interpreter Division. One example of this work that the public became aware of, occurred during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The interpreters using aerial photographs could determine the extent of the activities by the Russians in building missile bases in Cuba.

      This was a fascinating activity but also boring. I was motivated to find a civilian job in Omaha for my off duty hours. I had apprenticed as a photographer to Otis Wendt in Darlington, Wisconsin previous to enlisting, I applied at photographic studios in Omaha. The Rinehart-Marsden Studio was located on the seventh floor of the Brandeis Department Store at the corner of 16th & Douglas in downtown Omaha. With 10 selling floors, one full block long by ½ block wide, Brandeis was the center of retail activity in Omaha. The studio was in one corner of the furniture floor. George Marsden was owner and photographer. Photographic portraits were made at the studio. Processing of the film, retouching and the printing of the pictures all took place on the third floor of the Courtney Building just across Douglas Street. Marsden took me on as a workman. I would be at the Studio during my off hours from the Air Force. If the studio was open I would assist in taking portraits, help setting appointments, showing proofs, taking orders and the normal gofer duties. When the studio was not open, I would process film, do retouching and make prints in the Lab in the Courtney Building. It was an opportunity to make some extra money and perfect my skills as a portrait photographer under the skilled guidance of the highly regarded master, George Marsden.

      Apparently I was progressing with my skills enough to impress Marsden. He offered me the opportunity to stay with him on a full time basis upon my discharge from the Air Force in September 1955. Thus insuring a job upon leaving the Air Force. Additionally, I had met a young lady, Kathryn Bennett at the Methodist Youth Fellowship who later became my wife and the Mother of our three children.

      Marsden further offered that if I remained his employee, he would leave the business to me upon his death in his will. This proved to be less than it was perceived it to be. Debts accumulated due primarily to the care Marsden provided for Mrs. Rinehart, his mother-in-law. Marsden provided a home and nurses around the clock as she was bedridden for many years prior to her death in 1955. Add an increase in the number of photographers entering into the business in Omaha and surrounding suburbs and the advent of direct color photography. Marsden was unwilling to use the newer processes which were in increasing demand by the public.

      However, the one asset that made it all worthwhile. At the Trans-Mississippi Exposition held in Omaha in 1898, Frank Rinehart was designated as the Official Photographer. His duties included photographing the progress of the erecting of the buildings, photographs of the dignitaries and the numerous special events. The highlight of his photographic duties was producing photographic portraits of each and every Native American Indian brought to the Exposition as a display. A special building was constructed on the grounds for this purpose.

      While employed with Marsden, we produced a two volume set of brown toned, 16

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