The Auditory System in Sleep
()
About this ebook
The Auditory System in Sleep, Second Edition presents a view of a sensory system working in a different state, that of the sleeping brain. This updated edition contains new chapters on topics such as implanted deaf patients and sleep and tinnitus treatments. It is written for basic auditory system and sleep researchers, as well as practitioners and clinicians in the Auditory/Sensory Neurosciences and Sleep Medicine. As the auditory system is always “open, thus receiving information from the environment and the body itself (conscious and unconscious data), the incoming sensory information may alter sleep and waking physiology, and conversely, the sleeping brain.
This book draws information from evoked potentials, fMRI, PET, SPECT, lesions, and more.
- Contains new chapters on topics such as implanted deaf patients and sleep and tinnitus treatments during sleep
- Written for researchers and clinical practitioners in the auditory sciences, sleep medicine and sensory neuroscience
Ricardo Velluti
Dr. Velluti is a Free Professor at the Faculty of Medicine at U. ClAEH in Uruguay. He was previously a Professor of Physiology and Chairman of the Physiology Department, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay. He has published over 63 publications and has authored two books dealing with sleep, the auditory system, and neurophysiology.
Related to The Auditory System in Sleep
Related ebooks
Dream Science: Exploring the Forms of Consciousness Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsVision and Motor Control Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsReceptors in the Evolution and Development of the Brain: Matter into Mind Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSleep, Epilepsies, and Cognitive Impairment Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Choroid Plexus and Cerebrospinal Fluid: Emerging Roles in CNS Development, Maintenance, and Disease Progression Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsWaking and the Reticular Activating System in Health and Disease Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsArousal in Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSleep and Neurologic Disease Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsEssential Clinical Anatomy of the Nervous System Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Visually Responsive Neuron: From Basic Neurophysiology to Behavior Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsInflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders of the Nervous System in Children Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsIntroduction to Psychoneuroimmunology Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Choroid Plexus in Health and Disease Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSleep & Dreaming: Origins, Nature and Functions Rating: 2 out of 5 stars2/5Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Aspects of Spatial Neglect Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Physiological Basis of Memory Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsMultiscale Biomechanical Modeling of the Brain Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Visual Cortices Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsFluid Environment of the Brain Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsDevelopmental Neurobiology Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Facts of Life Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSex and Gender Differences in Alzheimer's Disease Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSomatosensory Science Facts Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Wisdom of the Eye Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsMethods in Virology: Volume V Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSleep and Affect: Assessment, Theory, and Clinical Implications Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsPediatric Brain Stimulation: Mapping and Modulating the Developing Brain Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsPsychopharmacological Agents Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratings
Medical For You
The Diabetes Code: Prevent and Reverse Type 2 Diabetes Naturally Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5ATOMIC HABITS:: How to Disagree With Your Brain so You Can Break Bad Habits and End Negative Thinking Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Mating in Captivity: Unlocking Erotic Intelligence Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Vagina Bible: The Vulva and the Vagina: Separating the Myth from the Medicine Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Passionista: The Empowered Woman's Guide to Pleasuring a Man Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Mediterranean Diet Meal Prep Cookbook: Easy And Healthy Recipes You Can Meal Prep For The Week Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Adult ADHD: How to Succeed as a Hunter in a Farmer's World Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Tight Hip Twisted Core: The Key To Unresolved Pain Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The 40 Day Dopamine Fast Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The White Coat Investor: A Doctor's Guide to Personal Finance and Investing Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5WomanCode: Perfect Your Cycle, Amplify Your Fertility, Supercharge Your Sex Drive, and Become a Power Source Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Peptide Protocols: Volume One Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Living Daily With Adult ADD or ADHD: 365 Tips o the Day Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5What Happened to You?: Conversations on Trauma, Resilience, and Healing Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Amazing Liver and Gallbladder Flush Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Gut: The Inside Story of Our Body's Most Underrated Organ (Revised Edition) Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Period Power: Harness Your Hormones and Get Your Cycle Working For You Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Woman: An Intimate Geography Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Hidden Lives: True Stories from People Who Live with Mental Illness Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5ketoCONTINUUM Consistently Keto For Life Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Holistic Herbal: A Safe and Practical Guide to Making and Using Herbal Remedies Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Women With Attention Deficit Disorder: Embrace Your Differences and Transform Your Life Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Blind Eye: The Terrifying Story Of A Doctor Who Got Away With Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Art of Dying Well: A Practical Guide to a Good End of Life Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Related categories
Reviews for The Auditory System in Sleep
0 ratings0 reviews
Book preview
The Auditory System in Sleep - Ricardo Velluti
standpoint.
Chapter 1
Brief Analysis of the Auditory System Organization and its Physiologic Basis
Abstract
The auditory system with its associated anatomical and functional complexity serves diverse processes, such as the discrimination of sound frequencies and intensities, sound source location in space, auditory learning, development of human language, auditory images
in dreams, music, development of birds songs, i.e., communication in general. In this chapter a review of the known auditory ascending and descending systems is presented along with some new or less well known approaches.
Keywords
afferent; auditory nerve; auditory system; cochlea; efferent; imaging; reticular formation
The auditory system with its associated anatomical and functional complexity serves diverse processes, such as discrimination of sound frequencies and intensities, sound source location in space, auditory learning, development of human language and auditory ‘images’ in dreams, music and development of birds songs, that is, communication in general. In this chapter, a review of the known auditory ascending and descending systems are presented along with some new or not too well-known approaches.
The Afferent Ascending System
This complex system begins at the receptors in the cochlea followed by a wide upward expansion throughout the different nuclei, reticular formation, cerebellum and connections to the primary and secondary cortices. It is composed of several neuronal groups with profuse communication from the cochlea to the cortex.
Moreover, a nonclassical pathway assumed to branch off from classical path at the midbrain through connections from the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (IC) (Moller and Rollins, 2002).
A diagram of the most important pathways and synaptic stations of the afferent auditory system is shown in Fig. 1.1 and a schematic one in Fig. 1.2. The first-order auditory neurons, with cell bodies located in Corti’s ganglion, send their axons centrally to form the auditory nerve, part of the VIIIth cranial pair. These nerve fibres synapse with the secondary neurons located centrally in different cochlear nucleus (CN) loci, in the medulla–pontine region. Let us bear in mind that 95% of the fibres that form the auditory nerve originate at the inner hair cells. The outer hair cells are innervated by only 5%, nonmyelinated afferent thin fibres.
Figure 1.1 General diagram of the ascending auditory pathways. These pathways are embedded in the brain, an important concept since it reflects the multiple communication pathways that may affect incoming auditory information.
Figure 1.2 Schematic view of the ascending and descending auditory systems. MGB, medial geniculate body; IC, inferior colliculus; CN, cochlear nucleus; SOC, superior olivary complex. Arrows indicate the ascending and descending paths. Modified from Terreros, G., Delano, P. 2016. Corticofugal modulation of peripheral auditory responses. Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Clínico de, Santiago, Chile (Terreros and Delano, 2016).
The auditory pathway has been described using different methods of study throughout history: cell damage and degeneration, intracellular dyeing with tracers, deoxyglucose and by electrophysiological recording methods. By placing recording electrodes in various central nuclei bioelectrical responses, changes in the membrane potentials can be obtained from the auditory neurons that form the basis of evoked potentials measurable with a gross electrode. Evoked potentials, recorded in cats, shown in Fig. 1.3A, are examples of the averaged responses to a brief (click) sound stimuli. The differences between their shapes and, mainly, their latencies carefully reproduce the anatomical pathway, because activity evoked by a stimulus, first activates the receptors followed by the auditory nerve fibres, and subsequently the central nervous system (CNS), orderly ascending from nucleus to nucleus. Fig. 1.3B shows the short latency far-field potentials (brain-stem waves I–V). Recordings with a different time scale (50 ms) reveal the middle latency waves corresponding to the thalamic and cortical responses. A 500 ms time scale shows the full response including the late cortical