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    Turning Fog Into Beer: Making Sense Of Fog, Clouds, And Sky
    Turning Fog Into Beer: Making Sense Of Fog, Clouds, And Sky
    Turning Fog Into Beer: Making Sense Of Fog, Clouds, And Sky
    Ebook104 pages1 hour

    Turning Fog Into Beer: Making Sense Of Fog, Clouds, And Sky

    By Reese Aptor

    ()

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    About this ebook

    If you are wondering why fog is perfect for ghost stories and how to turn fog into beer, this book is for you. There is something about fog that makes it eerie. How about walking in the English moors on a cool night with wisps of fog rolling in? Wouldn’t you shiver? It is creepy. Fog feels cold and seems oblivious to our presence; Sounds are muffled and you can’t see where you are going. It is the stuff of strange and eerie happenings.Why is that? What is it about fog that gives us goosebumps? This first book in a new series will explain fog to make it tangible.

    This book will explain the physics of water at the atomic level; we will dissect common and uncommon phenomena related to water. You may find some of the concepts at odds with commonly held theories. Throughout, there has been an effort to make sense of fog, clouds, and the color of the sky.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherReese Aptor
    Release dateMar 15, 2018
    ISBN9780692321423
    Turning Fog Into Beer: Making Sense Of Fog, Clouds, And Sky
    Author

    Reese Aptor

    Reese Aptor’s lifelong interest has been in the chemistry of living cells. By training, Reese is a physician, and at heart, she remains a clinician. If the ideas described here create new ways of approaching disease, it would be worth all the time and effort that has gone into producing this work. Reese is a regular contributor to Life’s Chemistry Press with a series of articles and books that explains those details. This work developed over years, with a central goal of having the biochemistry and physiology of life make sense to many audiences. In writing those articles, concepts have been drawn from multiple disciplines. Any novelty in the material is due to a resynthesis of those elements.

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      Book preview

      Turning Fog Into Beer - Reese Aptor

      Preface

      Why this book exists

      As a new physician graduate - a long time ago - I wondered about proteins in cell membranes (aka cell membrane receptors).

      The rectangular intestinal cells that line our gut have proteins lining the membrane that fences in the cell’s cytoplasm. The heads of those proteins poking out into the intestinal fluid have the same orientation as the tails of the proteins poking into the cytoplasm at the base of the cells.

      This means that a glucose molecule catches a one-directional protein train from the gut at the apex of the cell and then is forced to follow that same direction at the base of the cell to the blood. It makes sense. But why and how does this happen?

      This question started a 30+ years of reading about proteins, cells, cancer, and water; a lot on water. For water is the basis for living atoms, molecules, and creatures.

      I am not a researcher; I am a practicing physician. I like things to make sense, whether someone has an odd symptom or someone acts in an unpredictable way. This is true for all of us; we like things to make sense. Once things make sense, it is easier to plan the next step.

      I had a number of attempts to try to bring membrane protein concepts to the light of day; however, earlier attempts were not successful. Between trials with earlier articles, booklets, and blog posts, something seemed to be missing. Looking back, I can easily see what the key ingredient was. It was the ability to really, really understand water and the critical hydrogen bond.

      At this time, I am better able to grasp how water works, after reading tons of research from experts in the field. This book is one of a series in my earnest venture to clothe life’s chemistry concepts in simple attire. The apparel I have used comes from different disciplines, including biochemistry, chemistry, and physics. I fully appreciate that I tread on unfamiliar soil.

      As readers peruse this and future books, there will be a number of unanswered questions. I know; many of them have come to me as I reviewed Turning Fog into Beer. Some of these will be answered in blog posts (See Reese Aptor’s blog); others can be forwarded to reese@lifeschemistrypress.com.

      Reese Aptor

      Jan 2018

      PS I have chosen to use a pen name for this work. My life as a physician is busy enough without adding another layer to the mix.

      Introduction

      Already the first thin wisps of it were curling across the golden square of the lighted window. The farther wall of the orchard was already invisible, and the trees were standing out of a swirl of white vapour. As we watched it the fog-wreaths came crawling round both corners of the house and rolled slowly into one dense bank on which the upper floor and the roof floated like a strange ship upon a shadowy sea.

      – The Hound of the Baskervilles,

      Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

      If you are wondering why fog is perfect for ghost stories and how to turn fog into beer, this book is for you.

      There is something about fog that makes it eerie. People say that fog is a low-lying cloud, but it feels more than that. How about walking in the English moors on a cool night with wisps of fog rolling in? Wouldn’t you shiver? It is creepy. Fog feels cold and seems oblivious to our presence; Sounds are muffled and you can’t see where you are going. It is the stuff of strange and eerie happenings.

      Why is that? What is it about fog that gives us goosebumps? This first book in a new series will explain fog to make it tangible. This may make it less scary.

      Fog is not water; like ice is not water. Both are different phases of water. This would be the difference between a raw egg and a hard-boiled one. The egg whites and yolks look, feel, and taste different when an egg is cooked.

      However, the similarity of a uncooked egg and water stops there. When a raw egg is cooked, it changes permanently. Water, though, changes its physical structure when cooked but not its chemical structure. The phases of water in nature (ice, steam, fog, liquid water) are due to two things:

      a change in the physical structure of the molecules;

      the presence of mixtures of states (for example, ice and water = slush; hot water vapor and water = steam, etc) in natural systems.

      This book will explain the physics of water at the atomic level; we will dissect common and uncommon phenomena related to water. You may find some of the concepts at odds with commonly held theories. Throughout, there has been an effort to make sense of fog, clouds, and the color of the sky. You can form your own conclusions.

      1

      What fog is not

      What is fog

      The darkness

      Fogged-up windows

      What could be happening here?

      _______________

      Fog everywhere. Fog up the river where it flows among green airs and meadows; fog down the river, where it rolls defiled among the tiers of shipping, and the waterside pollutions of a great (and dirty) city….

      – Bleak House, Charles Dickens

      What is fog?

      It is clearly made up of water molecules. When studied, one can see microscopic droplets of water. In fact, the droplets can be as small as 1/500th the size of a raindrop.

      But fog does not feel like small raindrops any way you look at it. For example, suppose we squirted water from a fine nozzle onto a mirror. We can see ourselves in the mirror in-between the droplets. The droplets feel wet; they have substance when we run our fingers through them.

      However, if we breathed on

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