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    Handbook for Monitoring and Evaluation of Child Labour in Agriculture
    Handbook for Monitoring and Evaluation of Child Labour in Agriculture
    Handbook for Monitoring and Evaluation of Child Labour in Agriculture
    Ebook230 pages1 hour

    Handbook for Monitoring and Evaluation of Child Labour in Agriculture

    By Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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    About this ebook

    The Handbook offers guidance and tools for assessing the impacts of agricultural and food security programmes and projects on child labour in family-based agriculture. In addition, the Handbook aims to sensitize agricultural programme staff on the importance of incorporating child labour prevention as a crosscutting issue in their planning, monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system and of systematically considering the potential positive and negative impacts of agricultural programmes on child labour. The Handbook furthermore encourages the user to identify good agricultural practices for preventing and reducing child labour in agriculture.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Release dateFeb 29, 2016
    ISBN9789251090978
    Handbook for Monitoring and Evaluation of Child Labour in Agriculture
    Author

    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

    An intergovernmental organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has 194 Member Nations, two associate members and one member organization, the European Union. Its employees come from various cultural backgrounds and are experts in the multiple fields of activity FAO engages in. FAO’s staff capacity allows it to support improved governance inter alia, generate, develop and adapt existing tools and guidelines and provide targeted governance support as a resource to country and regional level FAO offices. Headquartered in Rome, Italy, FAO is present in over 130 countries.Founded in 1945, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO provides a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy. The Organization publishes authoritative publications on agriculture, fisheries, forestry and nutrition.

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      Book preview

      Handbook for Monitoring and Evaluation of Child Labour in Agriculture - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

      The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.

      The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO.

      ISBN 978-92-5-108779-4

      E-ISBN 978-92-5-109097-8 (EPUB)

      © FAO, 2015

      FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO's endorsement of users' views, products or services is not implied in any way.

      All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to copyright@fao.org.

      FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through publications-sales@fao.org.

      Cover photo: © FAO

      Table of contents

      FOREWORD

      ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

      ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

      INTRODUCTION

      Purpose

      Users

      Scope

      Structure

      WHY SHOULD AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMMES INCLUDE THE CHILD LABOUR TOPIC IN THEIR M&E SYSTEM?

      HOW DO AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SECURITY PROGRAMMES INFLUENCE CHILD LABOUR?

      Good practices to address child labour

      PART 1: CHILD LABOUR IN FAMILY-BASED AGRICULTURE

      1.  CHILD LABOUR – DEFINITIONS, CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES

      1.1  Definitions and international Conventions

      1.2  Causes of child labour

      1.3  Consequences of child labour

      2.  CHILD LABOUR IN FAMILY-BASED AGRICULTURE

      2.1  Definition of family-based agriculture

      2.2  Prevalence of child labour

      2.3  Challenges in addressing child labour in family-based agriculture

      3.  CHILDREN’S INVOLVEMENT IN THE AGRICULTURAL SUBSECTORS

      3.1  Crop production

      3.2  Livestock

      3.3  Fisheries and aquaculture

      3.4  Forestry

      PART 2: M&E OF PROGRAMME IMPACTS ON CHILD LABOUR

      1.  CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING CHILD LABOUR

      1.1  Must-know criteria

      1.2  Must-know background information

      2.  INTEGRATING THE CHILD LABOUR TOPIC IN THE PROGRAMME CYCLE

      2.1  Programme cycle

      2.2  Planning

      2.3  Monitoring

      2.4  Evaluation

      3.  STEPS FOR ASSESSING PROGRAMME IMPACTS ON CHILD LABOUR

      3.1  Preparation of the process

      3.2  Data collection

      3.3  Data analysis

      3.4  Follow-up

      PART 3: TOOLKIT

      How to use the toolkit

      PROGRAMME STAFF DISCUSSION

      TOOL 1: Programme impact analysis

      TOOL 2: Extended programme impact analysis

      TOOL 3: Stakeholder map

      TOOL 4: Spider diagram

      INTERVIEWS

      TOOL 5: Interview with programme beneficiary

      TOOL 6: Interview with children

      TOOL 7: Guidelines for the integration of a child labour module into a household survey

      TOOL 8: Daily schedule / daily clock

      TOOL 9: Expert interview

      FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION

      TOOL 10: Venn Diagram

      TOOL 11: Village social map

      TOOL 12: Observation walk

      TOOL 13: Problem and solution tree

      TOOL 14: Influence matrix

      TOOL 15: Impact discussion

      TOOL 16: School attendance monitoring

      TOOLKIT: TEMPLATES

      TEMPLATE 1 – Interview with programme beneficiary

      TEMPLATE 2 – Interview with a child

      TEMPLATE 3 – Expert interview

      TEMPLATE 4 – Observation walk

      TEMPLATE 5 – Influence matrix

      TEMPLATE 6 – School attendance monitoring

      APPENDIX I

      APPENDIX II

      II.1  CHILD LABOUR IN CROP PRODUCTION

      II.2  CHILD LABOUR IN LIVESTOCK

      II.3  CHILD LABOUR IN FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE

      II.4  CHILD LABOUR IN FORESTRY

      BIBLIOGRAPHY

      List of tables

      TABLE 1:    Structure of the Handbook

      TABLE 2:    Intended positive impacts of agricultural programmes on child labour

      TABLE 3:    Good practices for addressing child labour

      TABLE 4:    Supply and demand factors of child labour

      TABLE 5:    Necessary steps for assessing programme impacts on child labour

      TABLE 6:    Gathering information using tools in the toolkit

      TABLE 7:    Most vulnerable households

      TABLE 8:    Analysis categories for processing data

      TABLE 9:    Analysis table for identifying child labour

      TABLE 10:  Analysis table for identifying the programme impacts

      TABLE 11:  Structure of the tools

      TABLE 12:  Description and potential of the tools

      TABLE 13:  Guiding questions for identifying programme impacts

      TABLE 14:  Programme impact analysis

      TABLE 15:  Guiding questions for identifying programme impacts

      TABLE 16:  Cooperation plan

      TABLE 17:  Do's and don'ts for interviewing

      TABLE 18:  Do's and don'ts for interviewing children

      TABLE 19:  Do's and don'ts for focus group discussions

      TABLE 20:  Rating the influence of agricultural programmes

      TABLE 21:  Templates provided

      TABLE 22:  Examples of potential positive and negative impacts of agricultural programmes on child labour

      TABLE 23:  Tasks, hazards and health risks of children in crop production

      TABLE 24:  Tasks, hazards and health risks of children in livestock

      TABLE 25:  Tasks, hazards and health risks of children in fisheries and aquaculture

      TABLE 26:  Tasks, hazards and health risks of children in forestry

      List of figures

      FIGURE 1:    Structure of the Handbook

      FIGURE 2:    Typical impacts of agricultural programmes

      FIGURE 3:    Vicious cycle of poverty

      FIGURE 4:    Programme cycle

      FIGURE 5:    Extended programme impact analysis

      FIGURE 6:    Stakeholder map

      FIGURE 7:    Spider diagram for child labour criteria

      FIGURE 8:    Daily clock

      FIGURE 9:    Venn diagram

      FIGURE 10:  Problem tree

      Foreword

      Many children around the world work on the farm, help out on the fishing boat, herd the cattle, or reap fruits or collect burning wood in forests. For poor families, such activities by children are important to their livelihoods. The children acquire agricultural and life skills which can bear them fruits in their future lives.

      For about 100 million girls and boys, however, working in agriculture is not as beneficial. They are exposed to hazardous conditions affecting their health and their work in agriculture goes at cost of their education, jeopardizing their future.

      They are considered child labourers. Agriculture is the single sector making most use of child labour.

      It is our moral duty to improve the situation of children in rural areas and prevent child labour. Keeping them away from hazardous working conditions and ensuring they get an education will provide children with a chance for a better life and a more prosperous future. Preventing and reducing child labour in agriculture is thus not only a question of human rights, but it is also good economics. A healthy childhood and adequate education are the seeds for a more productive life in adulthood. The high prevalence of child labour, in contrast, is caused by poverty as much as that it tends to trap children and their future dependent into poverty, as it hampers the development of their skills and damages their health.

      Since 2007, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has stepped up its support to countries and communities in preventing child labour. This area of work is an important component of FAO's activities that promote decent employment in agriculture and rural areas and aim

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