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    Achieving Zero Hunger: The Critical Role of Investments in Social Protection and Agriculture. Second Edition
    Achieving Zero Hunger: The Critical Role of Investments in Social Protection and Agriculture. Second Edition
    Achieving Zero Hunger: The Critical Role of Investments in Social Protection and Agriculture. Second Edition
    Ebook75 pages44 minutes

    Achieving Zero Hunger: The Critical Role of Investments in Social Protection and Agriculture. Second Edition

    By Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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    This paper provides estimates of investment costs, both public and private, required to eliminate chronic dietary energy deficits, or to achieve zero hunger by 2030. This target is consistent with achieving both Sustainable Development Goal 2, to eliminate hunger by 2030, and Sustainable Development Goal 1, to eradicate poverty. The study adopts a reference baseline scenario, reflecting a “business as usual” situation, to estimate the additional investment requirements. In this scenario, around 650 million people will still suffer from hunger in 2030. We then estimate the investment requirements to eliminate hunger by 2030. Hunger is eliminated through a combination of social protection and targeted pro-poor investments. The first component aims to bring the poor immediately to the US$1.25/day poverty line income in Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) terms through social protection for a “Transfer to cover the Poverty Gap” (PGT). The second component requires additional investment to accelerate pro-poor growth of incomes and employment, particularly in rural areas, where most of the poor live, than in the “business as usual” scenario. Targeted pro-poor, including rural and agricultural, investments are required to raise the earned incomes of the poor. This would, in turn, reduce the need for social protection to cover the PGT. The analysis is complemented by looking at alternative ways to achieve such pro-poor growth.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Release dateDec 23, 2015
    ISBN9789251090343
    Achieving Zero Hunger: The Critical Role of Investments in Social Protection and Agriculture. Second Edition
    Author

    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

    An intergovernmental organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has 194 Member Nations, two associate members and one member organization, the European Union. Its employees come from various cultural backgrounds and are experts in the multiple fields of activity FAO engages in. FAO’s staff capacity allows it to support improved governance inter alia, generate, develop and adapt existing tools and guidelines and provide targeted governance support as a resource to country and regional level FAO offices. Headquartered in Rome, Italy, FAO is present in over 130 countries.Founded in 1945, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO provides a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy. The Organization publishes authoritative publications on agriculture, fisheries, forestry and nutrition.

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      Book preview

      Achieving Zero Hunger - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

      Required citation:

      FAO, IFAD and WFP. 2015. Achieving Zero Hunger: the critical role of investments in social protection and agriculture. Rome, FAO.

      Cover photo: ©FAO/IFAD/WFP/Petterik Wiggers

      Second edition, 2015

      The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) or of the World Food Programme (WFP) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO, IFAD or WFP in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.

      ISBN 978-92-5-108886-9

      ISBN 978-92-5-109034-3 (EPUB)

      FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way.

      All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to copyright@fao.org.

      FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications).

      © FAO 2015

      Contents

      Foreword

      Executive summary

      Acknowledgements

      Acronyms and abbreviations

      Introduction

      Investing for development

      The baseline scenario to 2030: business as usual

      A twin track approach for zero hunger: investing in social protection and in pro-poor development

      Targeted pro-poor investment in rural areas: possible domains

      Further considerations and concluding remarks

      Appendix 1. Achieving zero hunger by investing in economy-wide growth

      Appendix 2. Statistical table

      Foreword

      The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the World Food Programme (WFP) prepared new estimates on the additional investments required for sustainably ending hunger by 2030, in line with the highest aspirations of the post-2015 sustainable development agenda and the draft Addis Ababa Accord, which clearly states that Our goal is to end poverty and hunger.

      FAO, IFAD and WFP welcome this global commitment to end poverty, hunger and malnutrition by 2030. Our proposal on how to achieve zero hunger by 2030 is in the context of the proposed Sustainable Development Goal 2 to eliminate hunger and malnutrition by 2030, which, in turn, goes hand-in-hand with the proposed Sustainable Development Goal 1 to eliminate poverty at the same time. With almost 800 million people suffering from hunger and almost four-fifths of the extreme poor living in rural areas, it is necessary to raise agricultural and rural incomes to achieve those two priority Sustainable Development Goals.

      The dollar-a-day extreme poverty line adopted for Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 1 monitoring purposes – was originally based on the estimated costs to meet basic needs, of which access to food was, by far, the most significant. Food expenditure generally ranges between 50 and 70 percent of the extreme poverty line income, depending on the country and context. The so-called dollar-a-day extreme poverty line was last adjusted by the World Bank in 2005 to US$1.25 a day in purchasing power parity terms.

      Hence, the extreme poverty line is a reasonably good indicator of who goes hungry, although the poverty and hunger numbers differ due to the different data and methodological approaches used.

      ■ We can end poverty and

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