The Great Recession: The burst of the property bubble and the excesses of speculation
By 50minutes
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About this ebook
The burst of the property bubble in the USA in 2008 saw millions of families evicted from their homes and soon led to a major worldwide economic crisis. The spread of the crisis and the presence of toxic assets in banks around the world laid bare the complex mechanisms used by financial institutions to avoid taking responsibility for risky assets and the arrogance of the largest banks, who saw themselves as “too big to fail”. In spite of large-scale efforts to mitigate the effects of the crisis, its consequences are still felt today.
In 50 minutes you will be able to:
• Identify the key causes of the recession, including the widespread use of securitization
• Understand how the crisis unfolded and spread around the world
• Evaluate the measures taken by national governments to mitigate its effects
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The Great Recession - 50minutes
The burst of the property bubble and the excesses of speculation
When: 2007-2009.
Where: the crisis began in the USA, before spreading around the world.
Context: when a speculative housing bubble in the USA burst, many homeowners ended up defaulting on their mortgage payments. Subsequently, a high-risk loans mechanism, through which lenders used securitization to transfer their responsibility to other financial organisations, came to light.
Key protagonists:
The government-sponsored organisations the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA, known colloquially as Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC, known colloquially as Freddy Mac).
The major American merchant banks and insurance companies Goldman Sachs, AIG, Lehman Brothers, Morgan Stanley and JPMorgan Chase.
Michael Burry (American physician and hedge fund manager, born in 1971) and Steve Eisman (American investor, born in 1962), who were among the first investors to foresee the impending subprime mortgage crisis.
Key terms:
Securitization: a mechanism introduced in the 1990s which allows banks to sell on the loans they have given out in the form of securities.
Subprime loan: a type of loan in the US which involves lending to borrowers who may struggle to pay back the money, in order to purchase property or other goods.
In 2008, the world saw another side to America: when the property bubble burst and the financial crisis hit the country, onlookers learnt of financial practices that left thousands of American households homeless, emptied whole neighbourhoods of