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    The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2017. Building Resilience for Peace and Food Security
    The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2017. Building Resilience for Peace and Food Security
    The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2017. Building Resilience for Peace and Food Security
    Ebook248 pages2 hours

    The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2017. Building Resilience for Peace and Food Security

    By Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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    This year’s The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World warns that the long-term declining trend in undernourishment seems to have come to a halt and may have reversed, largely on account of the above-mentioned factors. Meanwhile, though progress continues to be made in reducing child malnutrition, rising overweight and obesity are a concern in most parts of the world.
    These and other findings are detailed in the 2017 edition of The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (formerly, The State of Food Insecurity in the World). For the first time, this year’s report is published by an expanded partnership, with UNICEF and WHO now joining FAO, IFAD and WFP. The report also marks a new era in the monitoring of food security and nutrition in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition. To assess progress made towards the goal of ending hunger, the report uses both the traditional measure of the prevalence of undernourishment and a new indicator, the prevalence of severe food insecurity, based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale. The report further looks at various forms of malnutrition, including trends and situations for child stunting, wasting and overweight and for adult obesity, breastfeeding and anaemia in women. The thematic part of the report sheds light on how the increasing incidence of conflict in the world is affecting food security and nutrition. It also explores how, by improving food security and nutrition and by making rural livelihoods more resilient, it is possible to help prevent conflicts and sustain peace.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Release dateOct 23, 2017
    ISBN9789251099186
    The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2017. Building Resilience for Peace and Food Security
    Author

    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

    An intergovernmental organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has 194 Member Nations, two associate members and one member organization, the European Union. Its employees come from various cultural backgrounds and are experts in the multiple fields of activity FAO engages in. FAO’s staff capacity allows it to support improved governance inter alia, generate, develop and adapt existing tools and guidelines and provide targeted governance support as a resource to country and regional level FAO offices. Headquartered in Rome, Italy, FAO is present in over 130 countries.Founded in 1945, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO provides a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy. The Organization publishes authoritative publications on agriculture, fisheries, forestry and nutrition.

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      The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2017. Building Resilience for Peace and Food Security - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

      REQUIRED CITATION:

      FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2017.

      The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2017.

      Building resilience for peace and food security.

      Rome, FAO.

      The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the World Food Programme (WFP) or the World Health Organization (WHO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP or WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.

      The designations employed and the presentation of material in the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP or WHO concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers.

      All reasonable precautions have been taken by FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO be liable for damages arising from its use.

      ISBN 978-92-5-109888-2

      E-ISBN 978-92-5-109918-6 (EPUB)

      FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO encourage the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s, IFAD’s, UNICEF’s, WFP’s or WHO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way.

      All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to copyright@fao.org.

      FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through publications-sales@fao.org.

      © FAO 2017

      COVER PHOTOGRAPH

      GAFATI, NIGER

      A mother and her son cultivating the family farmland and planting groundnuts.

      ©FAO/Andrew Esiebo

      KEY MESSAGES

      The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition 2016–2025 call on all countries and stakeholders to act together to end hunger and prevent all forms of malnutrition by 2030.

      This year’s edition of The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World marks the beginning of a regular monitoring of progress towards achieving the food security and nutrition targets set by the 2030 Agenda.

      In 2016 the number of chronically undernourished people in the world is estimated to have increased to 815 million, up from 777 million in 2015 although still down from about 900 million in 2000.

      After a prolonged decline, this recent increase could signal a reversal of trends. The food security situation has worsened in particular in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, South-Eastern Asia and Western Asia, and deteriorations have been observed most notably in situations of conflict and conflict combined with droughts or floods.

      The apparent halt to declining hunger numbers is not yet reflected in the prevalence of child stunting, which continues to fall, though the pace of improvement is slower in some regions.

      Globally, the prevalence of stunting fell from 29.5 percent to 22.9 percent between 2005 and 2016, although 155 million children under five years of age across the world still suffer from stunted growth.

      Wasting affected one in twelve (52 million) of all children under five years of age in 2016, more than half of whom (27.6 million) live in Southern Asia.

      Multiple forms of malnutrition coexist, with countries experiencing simultaneously high rates of child undernutrition, anaemia among women, and adult obesity. Rising rates of overweight and obesity add to these concerns. Childhood overweight and obesity are increasing in most regions, and in all regions for adults. In 2016, 41 million children under five years of age were overweight.

      The number of conflicts is also on the rise. Exacerbated by climate-related shocks, conflicts seriously affect food security and are a cause of much of the recent increase in food insecurity.

      Conflict is a key driver of situations of severe food crisis and recently re-emerged famines, while hunger and undernutrition are significantly worse where conflicts are prolonged and institutional capacities weak.

      Addressing food insecurity and malnutrition in conflict-affected situations cannot be business as usual. It requires a conflict-sensitive approach that aligns actions for immediate humanitarian assistance, long-term development and sustaining peace.

      This report sends a clear warning signal that the ambition of a world without hunger and malnutrition by 2030 will be challenging – achieving it will require renewed efforts through new ways of working.

      CONTENTS

      KEY MESSAGES

      FOREWORD

      ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

      PART 1

      FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION AROUND THE WORLD IN 2017

      After a prolonged decline, world hunger appears to be on the rise again

      Child undernutrition continues to decline, but levels of overweight are increasing

      A new era: food security and nutrition in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

      Recent trends in hunger and food insecurity

      Prevalence of severe food insecurity in the population, based on the FIES

      Trends in all forms of malnutrition

      Towards an integrated understanding of food security and nutrition

      Strengthening the evidence base to monitor food security and nutrition

      Progress has slowed, new concerns have emerged

      PART 2

      CONFLICT, FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION: THE IMPERATIVE OF SUSTAINABLE PEACE

      Why focus on the nexus between conflict, food security and nutrition?

      How does conflict affect food security and nutrition?

      Can food insecurity and undernutrition trigger conflict?

      The role of food security and nutrition in sustaining peace

      Overall recommendations

      ANNEX 1

      Methodological notes

      ANNEX 2

      Definitions and lists of country groups

      ANNEX 3

      Glossary

      NOTES

      TABLES, FIGURES AND BOXES

      TABLES

      1. Prevalence of undernourishment in the world by region, 2000–2016

      2. Percentage and number of people affected by severe food insecurity, measured using the FIES (2014–16)

      3. Relationship between prevalence of undernourishment (PoU) and malnutrition indicators

      4. Conflict and climate-related shocks associated with food crisis situations in 2016

      A1.1. Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): prevalence of undernourishment, severe food insecurity, selected forms of malnutrition, and exclusive breastfeeding

      A1.2. Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): number of people who are affected by undernourishment, severe food insecurity and selected forms of malnutrition, and number of infants exclusively breastfed

      A2.1. Countries and territories affected by conflict and/or protracted crisis

      A2.2. Countries with protracted crises, by conflict type, intensity, duration and frequency of natural disasters

      A2.3. Low- and middle-income countries and territories affected by conflict

      FIGURES

      1. The number of undernourished people has been on the rise since 2014, reaching an estimated 815 million in 2016

      2. The prevalence of undernourishment is highest in Africa; the absolute number of undernourished people is largest in Asia

      3. Women are slightly more likely to be food insecure than men in every region of the world

      4. Rates of stunting among children are on the decline worldwide, but remain very high in most parts of Africa

      5. Rates of child wasting remain inordinately high in some regions, especially in Southern Asia

      6. Childhood overweight is on the rise in virtually all regions

      7. Adult obesity is rising everywhere at an accelerating pace

      8. Anaemia among women of reproductive age is a persistent problem

      9. Exclusive breastfeeding has increased dramatically in many countries, yet remains below desired levels

      10. Most countries experience multiple forms of malnutrition

      11. Among high- and upper-middle-income countries, adult obesity rates are higher where the prevalence of severe food insecurity is comparatively higher

      12. Marked increase in the number of conflicts since 2010

      13. Most conflicts cross borders and are regional in nature

      14. The majority of chronically food-insecure people live in countries affected by conflict

      15. The majority of stunted children under five years live in countries affected by conflict

      16. Food insecurity is higher when conflict is compounded by fragility and protracted crisis

      17. The group of countries affected by conflict did not meet the MDG target of halving the rate of undernourishment

      18. Conflict and the consequent food crises led to widespread displacement of more than 15 million people in 2016

      19. Countries affected by conflict have lower socio-economic status

      20. Sudden food price surges have triggered food riots and protests in more than 40 countries

      21. The likelihood of conflict increases with the length of drought periods

      22. Sectors of importance to building resilience are underfunded in protracted crisis contexts

      BOXES

      1. Revision of prevalence of undernourishment (PoU) estimates and projections for 2016

      2. Additional evidence on where food insecurity is on the rise

      3. The Food Insecurity Experience Scale: origins and indicators

      4. Comparison of estimates for PoU and severe food insecurity based on the FIES

      5. United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition

      6. Complex, multidimensional and prolonged conflicts and extreme fragility: the case of protracted crises

      7. South Sudan – crisis in agriculture, food systems and public health

      8. Yemen – conflict, economic collapse, and the destruction of rural and urban livelihoods

      9. Syrian refugees – stories of lost livelihoods and desperation

      10. Lebanon – economic strain and public health challenges in countries hosting Syrian refugees

      11. Pastoralism in East Africa – breakdown of traditional systems and environmental degradation

      12. The Arab Spring and sharp increases in food prices

      13. Severe drought contributed to a worsening of the conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic

      14. Eviction and dispossession of natural resources and land in Colombia

      15. Building resilience to conflict

      16. Northern Uganda – investing in peace, improved food security and nutrition

      17. The need for more and better research and analysis

      FOREWORD

      The transformational vision of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development calls on all countries and stakeholders to work together to end hunger and prevent all forms of malnutrition by 2030. This ambition can only be fulfilled if agriculture and food systems become sustainable, so that food supplies are stable and all people have access to adequate nutrition and health. The start of the 2030 Agenda coincided with the launch of the United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition (2016–2025), adding impetus to these commitments by providing a time-bound, cohesive framework for action.

      This year’s edition of The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World marks the beginning of a new era in monitoring the progress made towards achieving a world without hunger and malnutrition, within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Specifically, the report will henceforth monitor progress towards both the targets of ending hunger (SDG Target 2.1) and all forms of malnutrition (SDG Target 2.2). It will also include thematic analyses of how food security and nutrition are related to progress on other SDG targets. Given the broadened scope to include a focus on nutrition, UNICEF and the World Health Organization (WHO) have joined the traditional partnership of FAO, IFAD and WFP in preparing this annual report. We hope our expanded partnership will result in a more comprehensive and integral understanding of what it will take to end hunger and all forms of malnutrition, and in more-integrated actions to achieve this critical goal.

      The challenges we face are significant. As shown in Part 1 of the report, a key worrisome finding is that after a prolonged decline, the most recent estimates indicate that global hunger increased in 2016 and now affects 815 million people. Moreover, although still well

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