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    Communication Disorders, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Communication Disorders, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Communication Disorders, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook154 pages2 hours

    Communication Disorders, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

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    About this ebook

    Disorders that impair a patient’s communication abilities are:
    1. Voice,
    2. Speech,
    3. Language,
    4. Hearing, and
    5. Cognition.
    Recognizing and treating communication disorders is important,
    The failure to do so may result in:
    1. Isolation,
    2. Depression, and
    3. Loss of independence.
    Voice disorder
    A voice disorder is present when the voice’s quality, pitch, or volume differs from that of other persons of similar age, culture, and geographic location.
    1. Dysphonia is categorized as either an organic or a functional disorder of the larynx.
    Speech Disorder
    1. Dysarthria, another form of communication disorder, comprises a group of motor speech disorders caused by a disturbance in the neuromuscular control of speech.
    2. Apraxia, a second form of motor speech disorder, happens in the presence of significant weakness or in-coordination of the muscles of speech production.
    Language disorder
    Aphasia is a language disorder that occurs from the damage to the areas of the brain responsible for language understanding and expression while a cognitive-communicative disorder impairs the ability to communicate by affecting the pragmatics (social rules) of language.
    Chronic Voice Disorders
    Chronic laryngitis is a prolonged hoarseness of voice which affects the vocal cords causing difficulty in talking and communicating speech to a nearby person.
    Dementia
    People with dementia have problem understanding or recognizing the words spoken to them and unable to express their thoughts to the caregiver or family members.
    Hearing Loss
    With hearing loss comes the inability to hear the spoken words and hence the ability to communicate with people. However the use of sign language is a way of communication for these sufferers.

    Communication is a multi-dimensional dynamic process that permits human beings to interact with their environment.
    By communication, people are able to express their thoughts, needs, and emotions.
    Communication is a complicated process that requires cerebration (use of the brain), cognition (understanding of words), hearing, speech production, and motor coordination.
    The assessment of a communication disorder is consideration of all components of the normal communication process.
    Language is the ability to transform thoughts into meaningful symbols that can be communicated by speech, writing, or gestures.
    Thoughts are arranged by the brain, particularly the left hemisphere, and encoded into a string according to learned grammatical and linguistic rules.
    These rules control the way sounds are arranged (phonology), the meaning of words (semantics), how words are formed (morphology), how words are mixed into phrases (syntax), and the use of language in context (pragmatics).
    Diagnosis and referral
    A treatable medical disorder must be excluded in all patients with voice disorders.
    A voice disorder may be one of the first symptoms of laryngeal cancer.
    Patients should be referred to an otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat specialist) for specialized examinations, which may be peripheral oral and nasal examination, voice analysis, and indirect or fiberoptic laryngoscopy.
    Once an organic disorder has been either treated or ruled out, the patient may be referred to a speech-language pathologist (SLP).
    Treatment
    Effective treatment of aphasia is based on the detailed knowledge of a patient's cognitive and linguistic strengths and weaknesses taken from the formal testing evaluations.
    Conventional treatment methods were directed on syndrome-specific methods, in which treatment was based on the diagnosed aphasia syndrome.
    Cognitive-communicative disorders require the ability to communicate by diminishing the pragmatics, or social rules, of language.

    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Communication Disorders
    Chapter 2 Dysarthria
    Chapter 3 Dysphonia
    Chap

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateAug 22, 2017
    ISBN9781370973811
    Communication Disorders, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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      Book preview

      Communication Disorders, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Communication

      Disorders,

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      To

      The Condition,

      Diagnosis,

      Treatment

      And

      Related Conditions

      By

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2017 Smashwords Edition

      Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      To my wife Dorothy

      And my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      And Kelvin

      This book describes Communication Disorders, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      (What The patient Need to Treat Communication Disorders)

      This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If the patient would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank the patient for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Introduction

      I have been writing medical articles for my blog http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

      My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

      Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

      I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

      This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

      From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 amazon kindle books and 200 into Smashwords.com eBooks.

      Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

      For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

      The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

      The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

      Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

      As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

      Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

      I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

      I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

      I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

      Chapter 1

      Communication Disorders

      Disorders that impair a patient’s communication abilities are:

      1. Voice,

      2. Speech,

      3. Language,

      4. Hearing, and

      5. Cognition.

      Recognizing and treating communication disorders is important,

      The failure to do so may result in:

      1. Isolation,

      2. Depression, and

      3. Loss of independence.

      Voice disorder

      A voice disorder is present when the voice’s quality, pitch, or volume differs from that of other persons of similar age, culture, and geographic location.

      1. Dysphonia is categorized as either an organic or a functional disorder of the larynx.

      Speech Disorder

      1. Dysarthria, another form of communication disorder, comprises a group of motor speech disorders caused by a disturbance in the neuromuscular control of speech.

      2. Apraxia, a second form of motor speech disorder, happens in the presence of significant weakness or in-coordination of the muscles of speech production.

      Language disorder

      Aphasia is a language disorder that occurs from the damage to the areas of the brain responsible for language understanding and expression while a cognitive-communicative disorder impairs the ability to communicate by affecting the pragmatics (social rules) of language.

      Chronic Voice Disorders

      Chronic laryngitis is a prolonged hoarseness of voice which affects the vocal cords causing difficulty in talking and communicating speech to a nearby person.

      Dementia

      People with dementia have problem understanding or recognizing the words spoken to them and unable to express their thoughts to the caregiver or family members.

      Hearing Loss

      With hearing loss comes the inability to hear the spoken words and hence the ability to communicate with people. However the use of sign language is a way of communication for these sufferers.

      The Normal Communication Process

      Communication is a multi-dimensional dynamic process that permits human beings to interact with their environment.

      By communication, people are able to express their thoughts, needs, and emotions.

      Communication is a complicated process that requires cerebration (use of the brain), cognition (understanding of words), hearing, speech production, and motor coordination.

      The assessment of a communication disorder is consideration of all components of the normal communication process.

      Language is the ability to transform thoughts into meaningful symbols that can be communicated by speech, writing, or gestures.

      Thoughts are arranged by the brain, particularly the left hemisphere, and encoded into a string according to learned grammatical and linguistic rules.

      These rules control the way sounds are arranged (phonology), the meaning of words (semantics), how words are formed (morphology), how words are mixed into phrases (syntax), and the use of language in context (pragmatics).

      Speech production

      Speech requires the coordinated motor activity of muscles affected in respiration, phonation, resonance, and articulation.

      The entire system is controlled by central and peripheral innervations, such as cranial nerves V, X, XI, and XII, and also the phrenic and intercostal nerves.

      Respiratory muscles, particularly the muscles linked with expiration, must produce enough air pressure to provide sufficient breath support to make speech heard.

      The diaphragm is the main muscle of expiration; however, the abdominal and intercostal muscles help to control the force and length of exhalation for speech.

      Phonatory muscles of the larynx produce vibratory energy during vocal cord movement to produce sound.

      Vocal pitch and intensity are changed by subglottic air pressure, tension of the vocal cords, and position of the larynx.

      Articulatory muscles within the pharynx, mouth, and nose produce the tone of the sound.

      The coordinated work of these muscles creates speech.

      By changing the shape of the vocal tract, a person is able to produce a tremendous range of sounds.

      Sound waves are changed by the auditory system into neural input for the speaker and the listener.

      The outer ear identifies sound-pressure waves in the air and alters them into mechanical vibrations in the middle and inner ear.

      The cochlea then changes these mechanical vibrations into vibrations in

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