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    Tics (Involuntary Body Movements) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Tics (Involuntary Body Movements) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Tics (Involuntary Body Movements) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook129 pages1 hour

    Tics (Involuntary Body Movements) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

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    About this ebook

    Tics are abrupt, purposeless, and involuntary vocal sounds or muscular jerks.
    Tics are fast, repetitive muscle movements that result in sudden and difficult to control body jolts or sounds.
    They are fairly common in childhood and typically first appear at around five years of age.
    Very occasionally they can start in adulthood.
    Tics are not normally serious and usually improve over time.
    But they can be frustrating and interfere with everyday activities.
    The cause of tics is not clearly known.
    They are thought to be due to changes in the parts of the brain that control movement.
    The basal ganglia are a group of specialized brain cells located deep inside the brain.
    The cells help to control the body's movements.
    In people with Tic disorders, it appears tics are the result of a temporary problem occurring inside the basal ganglia (brain cells group) which disrupts the decision-making process.
    The person abruptly decides to have an involuntary urge to do a movement (the tic) that the conscious mind considers as both unwanted and unexplained.
    Possible triggers
    Genetics appears to play a part in some cases of Tics in Tic disorders, as it often runs in families.
    Another theory is Tic formation may be linked to a childhood infection by streptococcal bacteria (bacteria that usually cause a sore throat).
    In an attempt to fight off the infection, the immune system forms antibodies (proteins).
    The antibodies may react with brain tissue, involving the brain's functioning.
    Types of tics
    1. Vocal (sounds) – such as grunting, coughing or shouting out words
    2. Physical (movements) – such as jerking of the head or jumping up and down
    They can also be:
    1. Simple – making a small movement or uttering a single sound
    2. Complex – making a series of physical movements or speaking a long phrase
    Most people diagnosed with Tic disorders have a combination of physical and vocal tics, which can be both simple and complex.
    1. Blinking, wrinkling the nose or grimacing
    2. Jerking or banging the head
    3. Clicking the fingers
    4. Touching other people or things
    5. Coughing, grunting or sniffing
    6. Repeating a sound or phrase
    Diagnosis can be obtained from the patient's history or getting the patient to bring a home video to show their behavior.
    There is no cure for Tics, but treatment can help to control the symptoms.
    Treatment is not always needed if a tic is mild and is not causing any other problems.
    If a tic is more serious and can affect everyday activities, treatments that are directed to reduce how often tics occur may be advised.
    Behavioral therapy
    1. Habit reversal therapy – this aims to help the patient learn intentional movements that "compete" with tics, so the tic cannot happen at the same time.
    2. Exposure with response prevention (ERP) – this aims to help the patient get used to the unpleasant sensations that are often felt just before a tic, which can stop the tic occurring
    Medicine
    Alpha2-adrenergic agonists are normally recommended for treatment of mild to moderate symptoms of Tic disorders such as Clonidine
    Muscle relaxants have been shown to be effective in helping control tics, particularly physical tics.
    Baclofen and clonazepam are two muscle relaxants that are sometimes used to treat Tic disorders.
    Dopamine antagonists are the most successful form of medicine for the prevention of tics.
    But they can cause a wide range of side effects.
    Surgery is normally regarded as a 'treatment of last resort' for people with severe Tic disorders that has not reacted to other treatments.
    Deep brain stimulation (DBS) requires permanent implantation of small electrodes
    By stimulating certain areas of the brain the symptoms of Tic disorders can often be controlled.

    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Tics
    Chapter 2 Causes
    Chapter 3 Symptoms
    Chapte

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateFeb 22, 2017
    ISBN9781370671588
    Tics (Involuntary Body Movements) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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      Book preview

      Tics (Involuntary Body Movements) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Tics (Involuntary

      Body Movements)

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      To

      The Condition,

      Diagnosis,

      Treatment

      And

      Related Conditions

      By

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2017 Smashwords Edition

      Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      To my wife Dorothy

      And my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      And Kelvin

      This book describes the Tics, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      (What You Need to Treat Tics)

      This eBook is licensed for the personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Introduction

      I have been writing medical articles for my blog http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Condition) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

      My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

      Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

      I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

      This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Conditions into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

      From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 700 amazon kindle books and some into Smashwords.com eBooks.

      Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

      For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

      The later books go into more details of medical conditions.

      The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

      Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

      As I tried to bring you the latest information about a condition or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

      Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

      I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

      I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

      I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

      Chapter 1

      Tics

      What are Tics?

      Tics are abrupt, purposeless, and involuntary vocal sounds or muscular jerks.

      Tics are fast, repetitive muscle movements that result in sudden and difficult to control body jolts or sounds.

      They are fairly common in childhood and typically first appear at around five years of age.

      Very occasionally they can start in adulthood.

      Tics are not normally serious and usually improve over time.

      But they can be frustrating and interfere with everyday activities.

      Transient tic disorder

      Transient tic disorder is a condition in which a person makes 1 or many brief, repeated, movements or noises (tics).

      These movements or noises are involuntary (not on purpose).

      What are the causes of Tics?

      Causes

      Tic disorder is frequent in children.

      The cause of tics is not clearly known.

      They are thought to be due to changes in the parts of the brain that control movement.

      The basal ganglia are a group of specialized brain cells located deep inside the brain.

      The cells help to control the body's movements.

      Doctors indicate the basal ganglia may also play a role in higher brain functions such as motivation and decision making.

      In people with Tic disorders, it appears tics are the result of a temporary problem occurring inside the basal ganglia (brain cells group) which disrupts the decision-making process.

      The person abruptly decides to have an involuntary urge to do a movement (the tic) that the conscious mind considers as both unwanted and unexplained.

      It is not known what actually goes wrong with the basal ganglia.

      One theory indicates extra levels of a naturally happening chemical called dopamine, which can have powerful effects on the brain, could be responsible.

      Alternatively, the dopamine levels could be normal in people with Tic disorders, but they may be particularly sensitive to its effects.

      Brain imaging studies have also shown the structure of the basal ganglia is different in people with Tic disorders.

      However, it's unclear whether these changes are due to a dopamine imbalance or sensitivity, or the cause of it.

      Possible triggers

      As with the cause of Tics, it is not known what triggers it.

      There are several theories, which are outlined below.

      Genetics

      Genetics appears to play a part in some cases of Tics in Tic disorders, as it often runs in families.

      Further evidence suggests if one identical twin develops Tics, there's about a one in two chance the other twin will also develop it.

      A genetic mutation may disrupt the normal development of the brain, triggering the symptoms of Tics.

      A genetic mutation is where the instructions contained in all living cells become scrambled in some way.

      They often seem to run in families, and there tend to be a genetic cause in many cases.

      They also often occur alongside other conditions, such as:

      1. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

      2. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

      3. Tourette Syndrome is a classic example of a disorder with different tics

      4. Writer’s cramp

      Tics can sometimes be triggered by taking illegal drugs, such as cocaine or amphetamines, and are sometimes caused by more severe health disorders such as cerebral palsy

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