Brevity: A Flash Fiction Handbook
By David Galef
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About this ebook
Flash fiction, or the short-short,” which encompasses vignettes, prose poems, character sketches, fables, lists, twist stories, surrealism, metafiction, and other forms, has taken off over the past decade in both print and digital publications. Galef traces the genre back to such writers as Colette, Donald Barthelme, and Borges, demonstrating the compression and concision of character, plot, and dialogue that make the perfect miniature. Galef, a writer and longtime creative writing instructor, shows how developing one’s skills in the short-short form can translate to other forms of writing. His diverse selection of stories and engaging exercises and prompts make Brevity a valuable resource for creative writing students and others who want to try their hands at this increasingly popular form.
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Brevity - David Galef
Vignettes
BY DEFINITION, flash fiction is rendered in miniature. But what happens when you start cutting down on words? What becomes of plot, character development, and thematic depth? Obviously, some of what you can attain in a longer story is going to have to go. Forget the long landscape description or the three scenes showing the grandmother’s slow decay from Parkinson’s. On the other hand, some treatments are particularly suited for the short run. One well-known form is the vignette.
The vignette started in 15th-century printing as a decorative border of vines around a page, then turned into what the vines enclosed, usually a page with an illustration. We now think of it as an illustrative scene, a literary sketch. The French coined a term for this form, calling it tranche de vie (literally, slice of life
), and its ingenuity lies in what any cross-section reveals: the hidden depths of an interior view.
Picture two eight-year-olds playing croquet: those unwieldy mallets, the lawn sloping unfairly, and one ball headed for the bushes. This vignette, just begun, might be called Game.
It shows the seemingly innocent fun had by two small children on a Sunday afternoon, with more than a hint of sibling rivalry. We’ll name the children Ivan and Sandra and make them neighbors. You can hear the smack of mallets on the balls along with some conversation about school. But after the first paragraph, Ivan says something nasty about Sandra’s mother. Sandra responds not by hitting Ivan’s ball with hers but by kicking it. The game
escalates from there.
As you can see, Game
isn’t a proper story with a beginning, middle, and end. It’s a moving picture that becomes a sketch or scene, suggesting something beyond. The term sketch
is all the more apt when you think of visual art, in which a sketch is the essential lines of a drawing, but not filled in. Here are some guidelines for creating a vignette:
Focus on a moment. If you start to chronicle any substantial period, stop, and instead deepen the presentation of what’s already there: waiting half an hour for a date to show up, a missed opportunity to help a stranger.
Develop only as much as you need to register an impression of either a character or an event or even a mood. One trait indicates a sunny personality; a distorted shadow indicates trouble.
Think in psychological terms. Your sketch has a meaning beyond its mere existence because of what it represents: an old woman who can’t enjoy a summer afternoon, a boss who won’t take no for an answer. Here are five pointers for this kind of treatment:
1 Don’t merely describe. Follow the action. Dramatize.
2 Do more with less. One short scene from a day is plenty.
3 Be representative. This part that you’re illustrating can stand in for a whole life.
4 Go for evocative, concrete details, not abstractions.
5 If possible, find a way to give shadows and depth to your sketch. Make it mean more than what it seems on the surface.
One of the best practitioners of the vignette is the French author Colette, who wrote searching portraits of love and relationships. Take a look at The Other Wife,
in which Marc is having lunch with his new wife, Alice, at an elegant restaurant when he spots his previous wife at a nearby table. Yet the focus is mainly on the dynamic between Alice and Marc: he dictates where they sit and what they order; he comments on how much weight Alice is putting on. Any author could go on in this vein, but Colette won’t. She doesn’t need to. She makes her point through gestures, descriptions, and tone. Marc is older than Alice, his thick hair, threaded here and there with white silk.
He dominates, yet nonchalantly, as if always used to getting his way. In which case, who is this woman at the other table, who somehow escaped his grasp? The few details are both alluring and enigmatic: The woman in white, whose smooth, lustrous hair reflected the light from the sea in azure patches, was smoking a cigarette with her eyes half closed
(translated by Matthew Ward). If this woman, who seems so self-assured, rejected Marc, what does that imply about the prospects for the new marriage? For the first time, Alice entertains doubts about what she’s embarked upon. The end is suggestive rather than conclusive: here is a part to suggest the whole. With good vignettes, that’s all you need. The complete story is printed in Readings.
EXERCISES
Think of yesterday as a sequence of events, then choose a common incident, such as lunch, an hour at work, or a car ride. Now describe it, animate it, and dramatize it so that the reader gets a vivid picture of what’s happening, on both an exterior and an interior level. For instance: With a smile, I serve plate after plate of the daily special, spaghetti and meatballs, at Abe’s Diner, but I really hate my job. Or: She hitches a ride home with a coworker, a man she’d like to ask out, but she hasn’t got the nerve. What incident did you choose, what did it show, and why was it significant? How much of the character did you reveal, and in what ways? Did anything change over the course of the event?
Here are some specific directives: What slice of life, the more ordinary, the better, would you use to show envy at the way your parents treat your brother? How good does your friend think she is at driving versus how inept she really is? Why is that man on the curb accosting passersby by asking the same question over and over?
READINGS
DISCUSSION
One aim of a good vignette is to set down the details so that the reader can predict a bit of the future. What will happen between Marc and his new wife? What could occur to disrupt the pattern? Write a vignette about Marc and a third wife.