How Plants Grow - With Information on the Biology of Plant Cells, Roots, Leaves and Flowers
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How Plants Grow - With Information on the Biology of Plant Cells, Roots, Leaves and Flowers - W. Rei Robbins
GROW
HOW PLANTS GROW
W. REI ROBBINS
Problems of plant growth have occupied Dr. W. Rei Robbins’ attention as a research worker and teacher for more than 20 years. His researches as associate plant physiologist at the New Jersey Experiment Station have ranked him as an able worker in his chosen field, particularly in the study of plant nutrition through the growing of plants in sand culture. His writings in the field of plant physiology have been widely published. Many Rutgers students owe their understanding of plant growth to the effective and conscientious teaching of Dr. Robbins. He is a native of the Garden State and was trained in plant physiology at Rutgers.
ONE of the chief concerns of the farmer is the raising of plants. Success in this phase of farming-is dependent upon the knowledge and utilization of the underlying principles of plant growth.
Rule of thumb directions cannot be depended upon under constantly changing conditions. Modern farming practices are being improved as a result of agricultural research. Environmental conditions of light, temperature, moisture, and nutrient supply constantly change from season to season—even from month to month. New varieties of plants, new insects, and diseases make their appearances. All these factors make plant raising an exceedingly complex venture. Only to the degree to which cultural practices can be made to compensate for the unfavorable changes in the environment, can plants and plant products be produced successfully.
It is not intended to give specific directions for cultural practices in this discussion. Such directions should be obtained from published information on the particular problem in hand, obtainable from the County Agent, the State Agricultural Experiment Station, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, or among the selected readings appended to this chapter. The present discussion will set forth the basic principles of all plant growth, upon which all specific cultural practices depend.
PLANTS AS LIVING ORGANISMS
In spite of the great diversity of external form in plants, the fundamental physical and chemical processes occurring in their body structures are essentially the same. Plants and their products are living organisms, whether they consist of seeds, root crops or fruits in storage, or corn plants growing so rapidly that the cracking of the stem parts can sometimes be heard. The plant body is a complicated structure consisting of cells, tissues, and organs.
Diagram showing the principal organs and tissues of a typical seed plant. (After Holman and Robbins.)
Plant Cells
The basic structural unit of the living plant is the cell, much as the brick or building block is the basic unit of a wall or house.