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    Design and Construction of Soil Anchor Plates
    Design and Construction of Soil Anchor Plates
    Design and Construction of Soil Anchor Plates
    Ebook386 pages3 hours

    Design and Construction of Soil Anchor Plates

    By Hamed Niroumand and Khairul Anuar Kassim

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    About this ebook

    Primarily designed and constructed to resist outwardly directed loads imposed on the foundation of a structure, anchor plates play an important role in the design of structures (including seawalls, transmission towers, tunnels, buried pipelines, and retaining walls). Design and Construction of Soil Anchor Plates focuses on the various theories based on the design and construction techniques of anchor plates in soil mechanics. The focus of this reference is on design methods, theories, and procedures for constructing permanent or temporary ground anchors and anchored systems. Topics include: General Requirements of Vertical Anchor Plates and Design Criteria, Estimation of Ultimate Capacity in Vertical Anchor Plates, General Requirements of Vertical Anchor Plates and Design Criteria, Type and Length of Inclined Anchor Plates, Early Theories on Anchor Plates in Multi-Layers Soil, and Basic Theories on Passive Pressure in Vertical Anchor Plates. With this reference, researchers and designers will find a valuable guide to the various theories, techniques, and equations for anchor design.

    • Basic theories on passive pressure in vertical anchor plates
    • Estimation of ultimate capacity in vertical anchor plates
    • Uplift capacity for shallow anchor plates
    • Requirements of vertical anchor plates and design criteria
    • Type and length of inclined anchor plates
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherElsevier Science
    Release dateAug 11, 2016
    ISBN9780124201866
    Design and Construction of Soil Anchor Plates
    Author

    Hamed Niroumand

    Dr Hamed Niroumand is an assistant professor at Department of Civil Engineering, Buein Zahra Technical University. He is currently the Vice-Chancellor for the Research and Academic, Buein Zahra Technical University. His main fields of research are geotechnical engineering, earth anchors, deep foundation, numerical analysis, sustainable development, and nano-materials. He is a project manager and professional engineer in various geotechnical and earth buildings projects. In the year 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015, he got various awards such as four medals and international awards for his inventions and researches and the 1st rank of research section at the national Iranian young inventor and researcher festival 2012 and the 1st rank of research section at the national Iranian youth festival 2012 and 2013. He got the best researcher award in Ministry of Road and Urban Development (MRUD) in 2016. He was the chairman and head director of the international/national conferences of civil engineering near to 20 cases that held in various countries. He chaired sessions in several international/national conferences and festivals in various countries. He presented various research papers in many conferences around the world. He published around 200 papers in journals and conferences. He is editorial team and reviewer in scientific journals. He has invented around 15 inventions that are patent/patent pending at this moment. He received many awards for his researches.

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      Book preview

      Design and Construction of Soil Anchor Plates - Hamed Niroumand

      bodies.

      Preface

      Hamed Niroumand

      Anchor plates are geotechnical devices that have been constructed to support geotechnical structures. They are devised to prevent the overturning of structures experiencing lateral, inclined, and uplift loads. Anchor plates can be applied in a wide variety of uses, such as stabilization systems in foundations, retaining walls, sea walls, and pipe lines. In this book, we have focused on the structural design of anchor plates, their uplift and bearing capacity, as the anchors are primarily designed to resist outwardly-directed loads imposed onto the foundation(s) of structures.

      This book consists of three main sections. The first section gives an introduction to all types of earth anchors. The second section gives calculation equations and outlines the requirements of anchor plates for use in sandy soils, and plates embedded in clays. The third section explains all the features of anchor plates that can be used in multilayer soils. Throughout the text, we compare and contrast some of the current theories and modeling for calculating the capacity of anchor plates. Alongside the textual elements, this book also contains several examples and photos to help illustrate the details of anchor plates and their usage. We have aimed to present the information in a user-friendly manner that is easy to follow and practice.

      The book contains nine chapters. Chapters Anchors and Anchor Plates describes and review all the types of earth anchors that have geotechnical applications. Chapters Horizontal Anchor Plates in Cohesionless Soil and Horizontal Anchor Plates in Cohesive Soil investigate horizontal anchor plates as used in various types of soils such as clays and sands—both their features and their capacity. Chapters Vertical Anchor Plates in Cohesionless Soil and Vertical Anchor Plates in Cohesive Soil present some useful information regarding vertical anchor plates. These chapters describe the various types of vertical anchor plates, their capacity, and their common applications. Chapters Inclined Anchor Plates in Cohesionless Soil and Inclined Anchor Plates in Cohesive Soil describe inclined anchor plates and their usage in different types of soil such as clays and sands. These chapters describe the installation process and detail the capacity of inclined anchor plates, including examples where relevant. Chapter Anchor Plates in Multilayer Soil describes the use of anchor plates in multilayer soils.

      The authors of this book hope that they have succeeded in providing readers with useful information about different types of anchor plates, given that they have a wide variety of application in crucial construction projects such as retaining walls, sea walls, and foundations of structures. Thus, the authors hope that this book fosters the further development of anchor plates and optimization of their applications.

      Chapter 1

      Anchors

      Abstract

      This chapter examines the variety of anchors available for use in building, including the limitations of grouted anchors. We also look at anchor plates, which, whilst not needing to be grouted, have limitations such as excavation requirements, low speed in construction and their minimal applications. The chapter also discusses helical anchors and the irregular shape anchor: a new self-driven anchor that can be installed into soil without the need to grout or excavate; but can be used in tension structures only.

      Keywords

      Grouted anchor; helical anchor; anchor piles; anchor plates; soil anchor; irregular shape anchor

      1.1 Introduction

      The choice of foundation systems has an important role in the design of many structures, to ensure they support any vertical or horizontal loads. Structures such as seawalls, transmission towers, tunnels, buried pipelines, and retaining walls are subjected to pullout forces and overturning moments. Thus, in the building process, the development of guidelines for the design and installation of anchor systems is one way to improve the performance of foundation systems.

      For structures such as we mentioned above, using tension members can prove to be an economic design solution. Tension members are a type of soil anchor, and can also be used for tieback resistance in waterfront structures, pressure soil structures, and also against thermal stresses. Tension members should be fixed to the structure and then embedded into the ground to a considerable depth in order to resist uplifting forces.

      In general, soil anchors are foundation systems used to transmit forces from the structure to the ground, in order to resist overturning moments and pullout forces which can threaten a structure’s stability. The shear strength and dead weight of the soil surrounding an anchor are factors that improve an anchor’s strength. Traditionally, soil anchors were divided into only three categories: grouted anchors, helical anchors, and anchor plates; however, a new self-driven anchor placed into the ground without excavation and grout has also been recently added to the list. According to the method of load transfer from the anchor to the surrounding soil, types of soil anchors in geotechnical engineering can be categorized as

      • Grouted anchors

      • Helical anchors

      • Anchor plates

      • Anchor piles

      • Irregular shape anchors, used as self-driven anchors.

      1.2 Grouted Anchors

      A grouted soil anchor is installed in grout-filled drilled holes in the soil or rock and transmits an applied tensile load into the soil or rock. Grouted anchors are structural elements where a grout body is installed in the subsoil or rock by injecting grouting mortar around the rear part of the steel tendon. The grouted body is connected to the structure, or the rock section to be anchored, using steel or fiber tendon(s) and the anchor head. Any load to be taken up by the grouted anchor is passed into the subsoil, instead of over the entire length of the anchor, but only in the area of the grouted body. The steel tendon section, where the soil anchor is free to expand, is the free tendon length. This section acts like a spring that can be pretensioned to the structure against the

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