Australian Longhorn Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Volume 2: Subfamily Cerambycinae

Key to genera of Cerambycinae in Australia

Figure 24. Figure numbers on the opposite page refer to this plate.

Key to adults of genera of Cerambycinae in Australia

1Eye divided into 3 lobes ( Fig. A )  . . . . . . 2

-Eye entire or emarginate forming 2 lobes ( Fig. B )  . . . . . . 3

2(1) Division of lower eye lobe filled with carina-like dispenser bearing dorsal groove ( Fig. F ) ; antennal scape subequal to antennomere 3 . . . . . .  Bardistus

-Division of lower eye lobe only anteriorly with short dispenser bearing long setae apically ( Fig. G ) ; antennal scape longer than antennomere 3 . . . . . .  Tricheops

3(1) Mandibular articulation exposed dorsally in narrow slit ( Fig. D,H ); frontoclypeus with deep pit near mandibular articulation and dispensing organ ( Fig. C )  . . . . . . 4

-Mandibular articulation not exposed ( Fig. L ) ; frontoclypeus without pit and dispensing organs . . . . . . 7

4(3) Eye oval and shallowly emarginate around antennal foramen ( Fig. M ) ; dispensing organ reduced . . . . . .  ( Fig. X ) Tropocalymma

-Eye circular or oval, distant from antennal foramen ( Fig. C ) ; dispensing organ tongue-like ( Fig. E )  . . . . . . 5

5(4) Prothorax with sharp lateral projection ( Fig. J ) ; dispensing organ very small and well distant from anterior margin of eye ( Fig. V )  . . . . . .  Kaputar

-Prothorax laterally smooth, weakly angulate or with blunt projection ( Fig. K,O ); apex of dispensing organ close to anterior margin of eye ( Fig. E )  . . . . . . 6

6(5) Eyes transversely oval, coarsely facetted; frontal surface impressed in front of antennal insertions ( Fig. I )  . . . . . .  ( Fig. BB ) Syllitus

-Eyes circular, finely facetted ( Fig. E ) ; frontal surface not impressed in front of antennal insertions . . . . . .  ( Fig. DD ) Stenoderus

7(3) Antennal scape as long as or longer than pronotum ( Fig. S )  . . . . . . 8

-Antennal scape shorter than pronotum . . . . . . 21

8(7) Eyes deeply emarginate, forming upper and lower lobe ( Fig. L )  . . . . . . 9

-Eyes rounded or oval, not or only shallowly emarginate, not forming lobes ( Fig. E )  . . . . . . 14

9(8) Antennomere 3 at least 1.5 times longer than antennomere 4, subequal or only slightly shorter than scape, usually with apical brush of black setae ( Fig. Q )  . . . . . . 10

-Antennomere 3 at most 1.2 times longer than antennomere 4, distinctly shorter than scape, never with apical brush of black setae ( Fig. R )  . . . . . . 11

10(9) Prosternal process very narrow, blade-like ( Fig. N ) ; protibia with two apical spurs . . . . . .  ( Fig. Z ) Tritocosmia

-Prosternal process broad ( Fig. U ) ; protibia with single apical spur . . . . . .  ( Fig. CC ) Tropis [part]

11(9) Frontal lateral groove present ( Fig. T ) ; elytra without spots ( Fig. EE )  . . . . . .  Simocrysa

-Frontal lateral groove absent; elytra with spots . . . . . . 12

12(11) Brown ant-mimicking beetle; elytral surface velvety, bearing several white spots in median portion, formed by adpressed setae ( Fig. P )  . . . . . .  Aphneope [part]

-Yellowish-green, not ant mimic, with 2 or 4 spots on elytra . . . . . . 13

13(12) Each elytron with 2 yellow pigment spots ( Fig. FF )  . . . . . .  Quasiphneope

-Each elytron with longitudinal setose area at base and 1 golden spot near middle formed by adpressed setae . . . . . .  ( Fig. AA ) Tropis [part]

14(8) Elytra dehiscent, strongly diverging and narrowing apically ( Fig. Y ) ; metaventrite swollen behind mid coxae ( Fig. W )  . . . . . . 15

-Elytra more or less complete ( Fig. X ) ; metaventrite not swollen behind mid coxae . . . . . . 17

Figure 25. Figure numbers on the opposite page refer to this plate.

15(14) Gena in front of eye about as long as half eye width ( Fig. H )  . . . . . .  Brachopsis

-Gena in front of eye longer than eye width ( Fig. G )  . . . . . . 16

16(15) Prothorax with dorsal and lateral tubercles ( Fig. A ) ; antennomeres 9–11 brown to light brown . ( Fig. W ) Macrones

-Prothorax without distinct tubercles ( Fig. B ) ; antennomeres 9–11 white or yellow ( Fig. DD )  . . . . . .  Enchoptera

17(14) Antennal insertions dorsal and separated by about one foramen diameter ( Fig. K )  . . . . . .  Ischnauchen

-Antennal insertions lateral, broadly separated, at least 2.5 times foramen diameter apart ( Fig. L )  . . . . . . 18

18(17) Metafemur clavate-pedunculate ( Fig. E,V )  . . . . . .  Rentzonella

-Metafemur slender not clavate-pedunculate ( Fig. F )  . . . . . . 19

19(18) Larger beetles, length more than 20 mm; frontoclypeus without lateral groove; prothorax with sharp lateral projection ( Fig. C )  . . . . . .  Arcucornus

-Smaller beetles, length less than 15 mm; frontoclypeus with lateral groove ( Fig. J ) ; prothorax with at most weak lateral projections ( Fig. D,M )  . . . . . . 20

20(19) Antennal scape not reaching beyond posterior margin of pronotum . . . . . . . ( Fig. AA ) Demomisis

-Antennal scape reaching beyond posterior margin of pronotum . . . . . .  ( Fig. CC ) Psilomorpha

21(7) Abdomen extending beyond elytra exposing 3 sclerotised, shiny tergites ( Fig. P ) ; elytra of normal length and rounded at apex . . . . . .  Gastrophacodes

-If several abdominal ventrites exposed, then elytra very short ( Fig. BB )  . . . . . . 22

22(21) Elytra very short, covering only thorax, apically truncate or rounded ( Fig. BB )  . . . . . . 23

-Elytra longer, complete or strongly tapered apically, but extending over at least part of abdomen ( Fig. N )  . . . . . . 25

23(22) Larger (length at least 12 mm), stout wasp-mimicking beetles, with thorax and abdomen bearing multiple transverse bands of contrasting setae; prosternal process at least as broad as coxa, strongly angulate . . . . . .  ( Fig. BB ) Hesthesis

-Smaller (length less than 8 mm), slender beetles without transversely banded thorax and abdomen; procoxae very narrowly separated ( Fig. X )  . . . . . . 24

24(23) Prosternal process reduced or absent between projecting procoxae; procoxal cavity broadly open posteriorly . . . . . .  Molorchoepania

-Prosternal process complete between transverse procoxae; procoxal cavity closed externally . . . . . .  Epania

25(22) Elytra strongly narrowing and diverging apically ( Fig. N,Y )  . . . . . . .26

-Elytra complete or exposing only apex of abdomen; elytra sometimes weakly dehiscent and separated apically but always relatively complete ( Fig. O )  . . . . . . 28

26(25) Metafemur strongly enlarged; elytra pointed apically ( Fig. Y ) . . . Merionoeda

-Metafemur not enlarged; elytra rounded apically ( Fig. Z )  . . . . . . 27

27(26) Antennomere 4 very short, less than 0.5 length of antennomere 5 ( Fig. S ) ; prosternal process very narrow, blade-like or incomplete . . . . . .  ( Fig. Z ) Proagapete

-Antennomere 4 as long as or slightly shorter than 5 ( Fig. Q ) ; prosternal process complete. ( Fig. N ) Brachaciptera

28(25) Mesoventral process projected forward, covering prosternal process from below ( Fig. U )  . . . . . .  Anastetha

-Mesoventral process not projected forward . . . . . . 29

29(28) Antennal scape projected into distinct spine on outer external angle ( Fig. R ) , its dorsal surface coarsely rugose . . . . . .  Xystrocera

-Antennal scape not projecting externally ( Fig. Q ) , its dorsal surface smooth to weakly rugose . . . . . . 30

30(29) Eyes completely divided into separate upper and lower sections ( Fig. I )  . . . . . . 31

-Eyes entire or variably emarginate, not completely divided, joined by at least one incomplete row of ommatidia . . . . . . 34

31(30) Antennomere 3 with long apical spine ( Fig. T )  . . . . . .  Skeletodes

-Antennomere 3 without spine . . . . . . 32

Figure 26. Figure numbers on the opposite page refer to this plate.

32(31) Femora strongly pedunculate-clavate ( Fig. A,BB ) ; dorsum with dense silvery adpressed pubescence forming wavy pattern . . . . . .  Tessaromma

-Femora narrow or thickened medially ( Fig. B ) ; dorsum with sparse setae not forming silvery pattern . . . . . . 33

33(32) Mandible narrowing to apex; antennomere 2 transverse, distinctly shorter than 3 ( Fig. S ) ; prosternal process absent ( Fig. D )  . . . . . .  Phalota

-Mandible broad apically ( Fig. C ) ; antennomere 2 elongate, almost as long as 3 ( Fig. O ) ; prosternal process complete ( Fig. E ) . . . . . . ( Fig. DD ) Wattlemoria

34(30) Antennomeres 2 and 3 covered entirely with furry pubescence extended onto apical part of antennomere 4 ( Fig. F )  . . . . . .  Calderia

-Antennomeres 2 and 3 without such pubescence . . . . . . 35

35(34) Mesoventrite very short with metaventral process extending forward beyond middle of mesocoxae ( Fig. M ) ; elytral base emarginate laterally, exposing wing articulation ( Fig. J )  . . . . . .  ( Fig. X ) Tragocerus

-Mesoventrite variable but metaventral process never reaching beyond middle of mesocoxae; elytra sometimes weakly emarginate at base but not exposing wing articulation . . . . . . 36

36(35) Antenna distinctly biflabellate or biserrate ( Fig. T,U ) ; prosternal process 0.8-1.2 times as wide as coxal diameter, angulate behind coxae and often emarginate and projecting posteriorly; elytra costate, tapered apically . . . . . .  ( Fig. Y ) Distichocera

-Antennae never biflabellate or biserrate; prosternal process and elytra variable . . . . . . 37

37(36) Eyes circular, oval, or shallowly emarginate not forming distinct upper lobe ( Fig. G )  . . . . . . 38

-Eyes deeply emarginate forming upper and lower lobe ( Fig. L )  . . . . . . 44

38(37) Head abruptly constricted posteriorly forming a neck that is at most 0.6 times maximum head width ( Fig. G ) ; ant-like beetles . . . . . . 39

-Head not constricted or weakly constricted posteriorly ( Fig. L ) , not forming distinct neck; form variable but not ant-like . . . . . . 42

39(38) Prothorax as long as or slightly longer than wide, laterally with median pointed tubercle ( Fig. AA ) ; head transverse with very slender neck ( Fig. R )  . . . . . . 40

-Prothorax very long, laterally without pointed tubercle ( Fig. V ) ; head slender with neck largely hidden in prothorax . . . . . .  Formicomimus

40(39) Metafemur short and stout, not extending beyond elytral apices ( Fig. R ) ; length 3–5 mm . . . . . .  Cyclocranium

-Metafemur long and slender, as long as or extending beyond elytral apices ( Fig. AA ) ; length 8.5–15 mm . . . . . . 41

41(40) Frontoclypeus without lateral carina ( Fig. G )  . . . . . .  Pseudocephalus

-Frontoclypeus with distinct lateral groove or carina extending from mandibular articulation towards inner margin of eye ( Fig. H,I )  . . . . . .  Myrmeciocephalus

42(38) Prothorax with lateral pointed projection ( Fig. EE ) ; antennal tubercles raised and separated by deep frontal furrow ( Fig. P ) ; mandibles strongly projecting in male . . . . . .  Australodon

-Prothorax without lateral pointed projections; antennal insertions not elevated; mandibles normal . . . . . . 43

43(42) Elytra without costae with transverse ivory markings; prothorax strongly constricted at base to form a waist . . . . . .  ( Fig. CC ) Pseudohalme

-Elytra with longitudinal lighter stripes; prothorax weakly constricted at base, not forming a waist . . . . . .  ( Fig. W ) Syllitosimilis

44(37) Antenna clavate, with 3-segmented club ( Fig. K )  . . . . . .  Telocera

-Antenna variable but never distinctly clubbed . . . . . . 45

45(44) Prothorax deeply recessed in concave elytral bases, covering base of narrow and concave scutellum ( Fig. N,Q ) ; elytra weakly emarginate laterally near humeral angle ( Fig. J ) , apically meeting, forming vertical ridge bearing longer setae . . . . . .  ( Fig. Z ) Brachytria

-Pronotum at base not extending to concave elytral bases or covering base of scutellum; elytron not emarginate laterally near humeri . . . . . . 46

Figure 27. Figure numbers on the opposite page refer to this plate.

46(45) Prosternal process absent or incomplete between coxae ( Fig. D )  . . . . . . 47

-Prosternal process may be very narrow but always complete between coxae ( Fig. C ) 48

47(46) Hind femur short, not extending beyond elytral apices; not an ant-like beetle . . . . . .  ( Fig. Y ) Notoceresium

-Hind legs long and slender, femur extending beyond elytral apices; ant-like beetles . . . . . .  ( Fig. W ) Zoedia [part]

48(46) Procoxal cavities very broadly closed externally by expanded prosternal process overlapping broad lateral projections ( Fig. A )  . . . . . . 49

-Procoxal cavities open or narrowly closed by prosternal process meeting apex of lateral projections ( Fig. B )  . . . . . . 53

49(48) Eye very shallowly emarginate ( Fig. G ) ; female ventrites normal . . . . . .  ( Fig. V ) Pseudohalme [part]

-Eye distinctly emarginate with upper lobe well developed ( Fig. H ) ; female ventrite 1 very long, ventrites 2–4 with setose areas medially ( Fig. T )  . . . . . . 50

50(49) Upper eye lobes separated by a distance equal to distance between inner margins of antennal insertions . . . . . . 51

-Upper eye lobes distinctly closer than antennal insertions ( Fig. M ) Stenhomalus

51(50) Eyes coarsely facetted; prothorax usually cylindrical ( Fig. AA )  . . . . . .  Longipalpus

-Eyes finely facetted; prothorax strongly constricted at base ( Fig. BB )  . . . . . . 52

52(51) Pronotal surface densely strigose and reticulate ( Fig. Q,Z ) ; upper eye lobe narrow and ends at or before level of outer margin of antennal foramen . . . . . .  Iphra

-Pronotal surface at most finely punctured and shiny ( Fig. X ) ; upper eye lobe usually broader and reaches level of inner margin of antennal foramen . . . . . .  Wahn

53(48) Head with long rostrum, expanding apically ( Fig. F ) ; eyes very large, coarsely facetted and almost joined on vertex; body slender, legs and antennae very long . . . . . .  ( Fig. U ) Rhinophthalmus

-Head sometimes with muzzle moderately long and parallel or tapering apically; eyes always distinctly separated; body usually stouter with shorter legs . . . . . . 54

54(53) Metatibia with long apical spine on external apical angle ( Fig. EE )  . . . . . .  Titurius [part]

-Metatibia without apical spine on external angle . . . . . . 55

55(54) Antennal insertions on raised tubercles, mostly laterally oriented; antennal foramen with thin rim and opening not clearly visible frontally or from above; antennal articulation located on rim or just below it, clearly visible when antenna is inserted ( Fig. G,H )  . . . . . . 56

-Antennal insertions flat or concave; antennal foramen with thick, often reflexed rim, enveloping deeply inserted scape, and opening clearly visible frontally and from above; base of scape deeply inserted into foramen, antennal articulation not visible ( Fig. J,N )  . . . . . . 89

56(55) Antennomere 3 with strong apical spine ( Fig. DD )  . . . . . .  Chrisreidia

-Antennomere 3 without spine . . . . . . 57

57(56) Antennal insertions very close to mandibular articulation, separated from dorsal mandibular condyle by 1.0–1.3 diameter of antennal foramen ( Fig. O )  . . . . . . 58

-Antennal insertions separated from dorsal condyle by more than 1.6 diameters of antennal foramen . . . . . . 61

58(57) Procoxal cavities without lateral projections ( Fig. C ) ; protrochantin not exposed; eyes finely facetted . . . . . .  ( Fig. S ) Sophron [part]

-Procoxal cavities with distinct lateral projections; protrochantin exposed ( Fig. P ) ; eyes coarsely facetted . . . . . . 59

59(58) Mesocoxae very narrowly separated, mesoventral process pointed apically and not clearly meeting metaventrite ( Fig. L )  . . . . . .  ( Fig. E ) Diotimana

-Mesocoxae distinctly separated, mesoventral process broad and meeting metaventrite ( Fig. K )  . . . . . . 60

60(59) Protibia with 2 apical spurs; prothorax with sharp, posteriorly directed lateral tubercle ( Fig. R )  . . . . . .  Phlyctaenodes

-Protibia with 1 apical spur ( Fig. I ) ; prothorax angulate or bluntly dentate medially . . . . . .  ( Fig. CC ) Ambeodontus

Figure 28. Figure numbers on the opposite page refer to this plate.

61(57) Mesoventral process narrow, pointed apically, not clearly meeting metaventrite ( Fig. A )  . . . . . .  ( Fig. W ) Bimia

-Mesoventral process meeting and joined to metaventrite ( Fig. E )  . . . . . . 62

62(61) Eyes finely facetted . . . . . . .63

-Eyes coarsely facetted . . . . . . 78

63(62) Subcylindrical beetle with yellow and black wasp-mimicking markings ( Fig. T ) ; elytra depressed around strongly convex scutellum; antenna 12-segmented . . . . . .  Dekeyzeria

-Body not as above; elytra and scutellum flat and on same level; antenna mostly 11-segmented . . . . . . 64

64(63) Entire ventral side, parts of pronotum and elytra with areas of silvery or golden adpressed, scale-like setae ( Fig. E ) ; antenna short, gradually thickening apically ( Fig. O )  . . . . . .  Pempsamacra

-Ventral surface never uniformly covered by scale-like setae, sometimes lateral sides of metathorax, abdomen and elytra with extended areas of adpressed silvery setae; antennae variable. . . . 65

65(64) Prothorax length at least 1.6 times as width, widest at weak angulation posterior to middle ( Fig. F ) ; head constricted posteriorly ( Fig. G )  . . . . . .  Sundholmia

-Prothorax at most 1.4 times longer than wide; other characters not in combination . . . . . . 66

66(65) Prothorax without lateral projections ( Fig. C )  . . . . . . 67

-Prothorax with sharp or blunt lateral projections ( Fig. D )  . . . . . . 70

67(66) Prothorax strongly constricted and waisted at base; elytra with transverse ivory markings . . . . . .  ( Fig. P ) Ectosticta

-Prothorax not constricted at base; elytra without transverse ivory markings . . . . . . 68

68(67) Pronotum densely rugulose and punctate, with median depression near base behind a longitudinal impunctate area ( Fig. C ) ; at least part of antennomeres with transverse orange bands ( Fig. Q )  . . . . . .  Omophaena [part]

-Pronotum entirely punctate; antennae uniformly dark . . . . . . 69

69(68) Gena before eye short, about as long as diameter of antennal foramen ( Fig. B ) ; pronotum with simple setae only; femora clavate; antenna long, antennomeres not enlarged toward apex ( Fig. N )  . . . . . .  Sophron [part]

-Gena in front of eye distinctly exceeds diameter of antennal foramen; pronotum with dense adpressed setae; femora not clavate; antennomeres gradually enlarged towards apex ( Fig. S )  . . . . . .  Trichomesia [part]

70(66) Head abruptly constricted posteriorly ( Fig. G ) forming a neck that is not broader than 0.6 head width . . . . . . 71

-If head weakly constricted then constriction more than 0.7 times head width . . . . . . 72

71(70) Prosternal process broad ( Fig. H ) ; protibia with single spur ( Fig. J )  . . . . . .  ( Fig. K ) Aphneope [part]

-Prosternal process very narrow to absent ( Fig. I ) ; protibia with 2 spurs . . . . . .  ( Fig. L ) Zoedia [part]

72(70) Prothorax with narrow, sharp and thorn-like lateral projection; elytra narrowing near middle, with transverse ivory markings . . . . . .  ( Fig. U ) Ochyra

-Prothorax with broad, often blunt lateral projection; elytra usually not narrowing near middle . . . . . . 73

73(72) Elytral surfaces densely setose-punctate and rugose, dark honey coloured with sparse larger, deep foveae; antennomeres with yellow bands . . . . . .  ( Fig. R ) Maulia

-Elytral surfaces shiny or dull but with punctures all one size, often costate; antennae unicoloured . . . . . . 74

74(73) Prothorax with keel-shaped lateral angulation ending bluntly posterior to middle ( Fig. D ) ; antenna filiform and uniformly dark, shortly setose; beetles often with contrasting pale spots or iridescent colours; elytra usually slightly dehiscent, not costate, sometimes narrowed medially and exposing pygidium . . . . . .  ( Fig. M,V ) Oroderes

-If prothorax with tubercle ending posterior to middle then antenna serrate and/or densely setose at basal antennomeres 1–5 or with flattened or transversely colour banded antennomeres; elytra complete, and often with distinct costae . . . . . . 75

Figure 29. Figure numbers on the opposite page refer to this plate.

75(74) Antenna black, serrate or with several segments flattened and asymmetrical, distinctly setose ( Fig. O ) ; lycid-like beetles with elytra red or yellow, bearing distinct costae ( Fig. T )  . . . . . . 76

-Antenna mostly filiform with at least some antennomeres bicoloured; cantharid-like beetles, elytral costae if present hardly visible ( Fig. S )  . . . . . . 77

76(75) Antennomeres 1–5 and legs with dense erect pubescence ( Fig. O ) ; elytron with 3 distinct costae; intervals punctate and shiny ( Fig. T )  . . . . . .  Eroschema

-Antenna with short, generally recumbent, pubescence on basal antennomeres; legs shortly setose; elytron with 4 weak costae; intervals indistinctly punctate feebly shiny or matt . . . . . .  Chaodalis

77(75) Prothorax with pointed lateral tubercle ( Fig. S ) ; posterior margin of antennal foramen clearly distant from anterior margin of upper eye ( Fig. A )  . . . . . .  Katerina

-Prothorax with lateral tubercle blunt and less obvious ( Fig. W ) ; posterior margin of antennal foramen very close to anterior margin of upper eye lobe ( Fig. B ) Nenenia

78(62) Prothorax with distinct lateral projection ( Fig. G )  . . . . . . 79

-Prothorax laterally smooth or indistinctly nodulose . . . . . . 82

79(78) Antennomere 4 as long as 3 or 5 . . . . . . 80

-Antennomere 4 very short, much shorter than 3 or 5 . . . . . . 81

80(79) Upper eye lobes narrowly separated by about 1 diameter of antennal foramen ( Fig. K ) ; prothorax as long as or longer than wide, antenna filiform . . . . . .  Hasenpuschia

-Upper eye lobed separated by 1.5–2.0 times diameter of antennal foramen ( Fig. M ) ; prothorax strongly transverse; antenna distinctly serrate with external margins of antennomeres 5–11 sharply keeled . . . . . .  Aphanasium

81(79) Prosternal process blade-like, not expanded apically ( Fig. C ) ; procoxae strongly projecting; body length less than 14 mm; orange or brown beetles . . . . . .  ( Fig. P ) Aphanosperma

-Prosternal process narrow and distinctly expanding apically ( Fig. H ) ; procoxae projecting moderately below prosternal process; body length more than 18 mm; dark brown beetles . . . . . .  ( Fig. R ) Myrsellus

82(78) Antenna 12-segmented; antennomeres 4–9 crenulate externally, especially in male ( Fig. N ) ; elytral bases with deep coarse punctures at basal third of elytra ( Fig. D )  . . . . . .  ( Fig. U ) Scolecobrotus

-Antenna 11-segmented; antennomeres not strongly crenulate externally; elytral bases without deep punctures or crenulations . . . . . . 83

83(82) Body orange, apices of elytra black ( Fig. V ) ; pronotal surface and lateral margins of prothorax uneven irregular, nodulose; elytron with distinct costae . . . . . .  Neouracanthus

-Body grey or brown with elytral apices never darker than proximal part; pronotal surface even, lateral margins of pronotum straight or weakly angulate ( Fig. Q ) ; elytral costae variable . . . . . . 84

84(83) Procoxal cavities without lateral extension, completely closed laterally; prothorax cylindrical; head with long, parallel frontoclypeus ( Fig. L )  . . . . . .  Aethiora

-Procoxal cavities at least with narrow lateral extension ( Fig. I,J ) ; prothorax with lateral angulation or distinctly narrowing anteriorly; head variable . . . . . . 85

85(84) Elytra weakly dehiscent, usually not covering 1–2 abdominal segments; epipleuron laterally reduced ( Fig. F ) ; procoxal cavities with broad extensions exposing protrochantins ( Fig. I )  . . . . . . 86

-Elytra not dehiscent and usually completely covering abdomen; epipleuron laterally complete; procoxal cavities variable . . . . . . 87

86(85) Metafemora with dense setose brushes along posterior surfaces ( Fig. E )  . . . . . .  Aposites

-Metafemora without brushes posteriorly . . . . . .  ( Fig. Q ) Neostenus

Figure 30. Figure numbers on the opposite page refer to this plate.

87(85) Frontoclypeal suture weak and arcuate; head short with very short gena in front of eyes ( Fig. K ) ; male with central setose patches on abdominal ventrites 1–3 . . . . . .  Mystrosa

-Frontoclypeal suture very deep and angulate ( Fig. G,H ) ; head usually longer with long gena in front of eyes; males without setose patches on abdomen . . . . . . 88

88(87) Eyes small, narrowing ventrally and not extending on ventral side ( Fig. A ) ; elytral apices rounded ( Fig. Y )  . . . . . .  Emenica

-Eyes very large, not narrowing ventrally, broadly extending on ventral side of head ( Fig. G ) ; elytral apices very rarely rounded, mostly spinose or bispinose ( Fig. X )  . . . . . .  Uracanthus

89(55) Moderately large (15–20 mm); black and rather flat beetles, dorsally glabrous and polished ( Fig. J ) ; procoxae and mesocoxae broadly separated, more than one diameter apart; pronotum transverse with weak median projection; . . . . . .  Taphos

-Body never uniformly black; other characters not in combination . . . . . . 90

90(89) Antenna lamellate-pectinate ( Fig. E )  . . . . . .  Piesarthrius [males]

Antenna filiform to deeply serrate . . . . . . 91

91(90) Procoxal cavities narrowly closed externally by postcoxal projections meeting expanded prosternal process ( Fig. I ) ; mesocoxa always with secondary articulation and eye facets coarse . . . . . . 92

-Procoxal cavities broadly or narrowly open; no other characters in combination . . . . . . 97

92(91) Pronotum, scutellum, mesepimeron, metanepisternum and sides of abdomen with various combinations of white, yellowish or orange areas formed by dense adpressed setae ( Fig. U,V ) ; antenna long and usually serrate . . . . . .  Strongylurus [+ Piesarthrius female]

-At most scutellum covered by dense adpressed setae; antennae filiform and shorter . . . . . . 93

93(92) Prothorax longer than wide with smooth lateral edges ( Fig. Q-S ) ; body subcylindrical . . . . . . 94

-Prothorax subquadrate or transverse laterally uneven ( Fig. W ) ; body broadly oval . . . . . . 96

94(93) Frontoclypeal suture deeply grooved; head as long as wide or transverse; elytra bispinose or emarginate apically ( Fig. Q )  . . . . . .  Phantissus

-Frontoclypeal suture indistinct ( Fig. K ) ; head longer than broad; elytra rounded apically ( Fig. R )  . . . . . . 95

95(94) Dorsum uniformly brown with mostly erect, sparse and not obvious setae . . . . . .  ( Fig. S ) Bebius

-Dorsum brown with lighter mark in middle of elytra; dorsal surfaces with obvious dense adpressed white setae . . . . . .  ( Fig. R ) Lygesis [part]

96(93) Antennomeres 6–9 without inner spines (antennomeres may have acute external angles); scape smooth dorsally ( Fig. C ) ; dorsum covered with uniform grey setae . . . . . .  ( Fig. W ) Pachydissus

-Antennomeres 6–9 with short inner spines, especially clearly visible in females; scape usually with transverse crenulation ( Fig. B ) ; dorsum covered with wavy golden pubescence ( Fig. D )  . . . . . .  Aeolesthes

97(91) Procoxal cavity with lateral extension at least partially exposing protrochantin ( Fig. F )  . . . . . . 98

-Procoxal cavity without or with only shallow lateral extensions not exposing protrochanin ( Fig. I )  . . . . . . 110

98(97) At least antennomeres 3–4 with inner apical spines ( Fig. L )  . . . . . . 99

-Antennomeres filiform to serrate but without apical spines . . . . . . 101

99(98) Metafemora clavate and usually extending beyond apices of elytra ( Fig. O,T )  . . . . . .  Kurandanus

-Metafemora not clavate and not extending beyond apices of elytra . . . . . . 100

100(99) Antenna serrate with antennomeres 3 and 4 subequal ( Fig. L ) ; prothorax with narrow lateral projection; pronotal surface uniformly punctate ( Fig. P )  . . . . . .  Citriphaga [part]

-Antenna filiform with antennomere 3 usually distinctly longer than 4 ( Fig. M ) ; prothorax with lateral sides rounded and smooth, at most with weak angulation; pronotum usually with several low shiny nodules ( Fig. N )  . . . . . .  Phacodes [part]

Figure 31. Figure numbers on the opposite page refer to this plate.

101(98) Prothorax strongly constricted at base, forming waist ( Fig. E )  . . . . . . 102

-Prothorax at most weakly constricted at base ( Fig. C )  . . . . . . 103

102(101) Hind femur not expanded apically, extending far beyond apices of elytra ( Fig. W )  . . . . . .  Cremys

-Hind femur clavate, not extending beyond apices of elytra ( Fig. V )  . . . . . .  Ipomoria [part]

103(101) Hind femur very long and clavate, extending well beyond apices of elytra ( Fig. M ) ; elytra tapering apically and somewhat dehiscent . . . . . .  Mecynopus

-Hind femur shorter and not extending beyond apex of elytra; elytra complete and not tapered apically . . . . . . 104

104(103) Length less than 10 mm with head and pronotum darker than elytra; pronotum subquadrate; elytra with dense adpressed setae along suture ( Fig. U ) Titurius [part]

-Mostly longer than 15 mm or with pronotum distinctly longer than wide 105

105(104) Pronotum distinctly transverse . . . . . . 106

-Pronotum subquadrate or elongate . . . . . . 108

106(105) Antenna filiform with antennomere 3 distinctly longer than scape or antennomere 4 ( Fig. S ) Stromatium [part]

-Antenna serrate with antennomere 3 subequal to scape and antennomere 4 . . . . . . 107

107(106) Body uniformly dark brown to black, elytra apparently glabrous ( Fig. X ) ; mesoventral process narrowing posteriorly not clearly joined to metaventrite ( Fig. A ) ; antenna in male strongly serrate . . . . . .  Melanothrius

-Body brown, distinctly setose ( Fig. T ) ; mesoventral process broad, joined with metaventrite ( Fig. B ) ; antenna weakly serrate in both sexes . . . . . .  Dictamnia [part]

108(105) Apex of elytra spinose ( Fig. O ) Aesiotyche

-Apices of elytra rounded . . . . . . 109

109(108) Lateral margin of pronotum irregular with 1 or more pointed projections ( Fig. C )  . . . . . .  Didymocantha

-Lateral margins of pronotum smooth ( Fig. D )  . . . . . .  Neobethelium

110(97) Elytron with long longitudinal ivory ridges ( Fig. I )  . . . . . . 111

-Elytron without markings or with transverse or spot-like ivory markings . . . . . . 112

111(110) Antennomeres 3–6 with apical spines; prothorax without lateral projections ( Fig. P )  . . . . . .  Amphirhoe

-Antennomeres 3–6 without apical spines; prothorax with lateral projections ( Fig. H )  . . . . . .  Hemesthocera

112(110) Elytra costate, pointed apically, provided with a group of stiff black setae ( Fig. L,Q ) ; antennomeres 3 and 4 short, always distinctly shorter than 5 ( Fig. R )  . . . . . .  Brachytria [part]

-Elytra never pointed apically and without group of stiff black setae; antennomeres variable . . . . . . 113

113(112) Body narrow and cylindrical; prothorax length at least 1.5 times width ( Fig. K )  . . . . . . 114

-Body variable but never cylindrical; prothorax length at most 1.3 times width . . . . . . 115

114(113) Prothorax length 2 times width ( Fig. J ) , dorsal surfaces without tubercles; upper eye lobe large . . . . . .  Ischnotes

-Prothorax length 1.5 times width ( Fig. K ) , dorsal surfaces with median and sub-basal tubercles; upper eye lobe reduced to 2 rows of ommatidia . . . . . .  Ectinope

115(113) Elytral surfaces at least in apical part with dense, short setae arising directly from cuticle and forming spots, transverse bands or irregular cover ( Fig. G )  . . . . . . 116

-Elytral surfaces glabrous or with regular setae arising from punctures ( Fig. F ) 134

116(115) Prothorax constricted at base ( Fig. N ) ; elytra with oblique ivory markings; dense adpressed elytral setae concentrated at apical part only . . . . . .  Homaemota

-Prothorax not or only weakly constricted at base; elytra without ivory markings; setae variable . . . . . . 117

Figure 32. Figure numbers on the opposite page refer to this plate.

117(116) At least antennomeres 3–4 with apical spines ( Fig. C,D )  . . . . . . 118

-Antennomeres without apical spines ( Fig. P )  . . . . . . 125

118(117) Prothorax laterally with distinct projection or spine ( Fig. F )  . . . . . . 119

-Lateral margins of prothorax rounded or irregular but without distinct projections . . . . . . 121

119(118) Prothorax strongly transverse with laterally prominent anterior angles and strong projection beneath; pronotum with dense white setae almost entirely covering integument ( Fig. O )  . . . . . .  Demelius

-Anterior angles of prothorax blunt, not projecting, lateral margins with single projection near or behind middle; pronotum with adpressed setae scattered and not forming uniform cover ( Fig. E )  . . . . . . 120

120(119) Antenna filiform; prothorax with distinct posterior projection laterally ( Fig. E,S ) ; prosternal process broad and angulate . . . . . .  Typhocesis [part]

-Antenna strongly serrate; prothorax with spine-like projection posterior to middle ( Fig. F,Q ) ; prosternal process narrow and not angulate . . . . . .  Citriphaga [part]

121(118) Elytra with orange adpressed setae forming longitudinal rows on mottled grey background ( Fig. I,J )  . . . . . .  Yorkeica

-Elytral colour variable but without longitudinal rows of orange setae . . . . . . 122

122(121) Elytra black with 3 white or yellow transverse bands ( Fig. R,V ) formed from adpressed setae; elytral surfaces smooth . . . . . . 123

-Elytra orange or brown with black or light transverse pigment marking ( Fig. H,T ) ; adpressed setae very short and not clearly visible; elytral surfaces rugose . . . . . . 124

123(122) Antennomeres 3 and 4 with strong apical spines; pronotal surface covered entirely with dense adpressed yellow or orange setae ( Fig. R )  . . . . . .  Demonax

-Antennomeres with very small, scarcely visible spines; pronotum black with white transverse band at base ( Fig. V )  . . . . . .  Clytus [part]

124(122) Elytra orange with black transverse bands ( Fig. T ) ; metatarsomere 1 longer than 2–5 combined . . . . . .  Aridaeus

-Elytra brown with lighter transverse markings ( Fig. H ) ; metatarsomere 1 shorter than 2–5 combined . . . . . .  Porithodes

125(117) Gena below eye with large silvery setose area ( Fig. A ) ; elytra red, black and orange in various combinations ( Fig. B ) , very densely punctate and reticulate (especially in male); prothorax with weak lateral projection behind middle . . . . . .  Purpuricenus

-Gena below eyes at most with few pale setae; body colouration and other characters not in combination as above . . . . . . 126

126(125) Pronotum and elytra with small isolated spots of white adpressed setae ( Fig. W ) ; mesocoxae with secondary articulation . . . . . .  Tya

-Pronotum and elytra uniform or with different colour pattern; mesocoxae with or without secondary articulation . . . . . . 127

127(126) Pronotum and elytra with adpressed setae forming contrasting (silver, yellow, orange or white) bands on dark background ( Fig. U,V )  . . . . . . 128

-Pronotum and elytra without transverse bands of contrasting colour, uniform or with mottled colour pattern . . . . . . 131

128(127) Frons with median triangular elevation ( Fig. G,N ) ; mesocoxal cavities open to mesepimeron . . . . . .  Xylotrechus

-Frons at most with partial median groove or carina; mesocoxal cavities closed by ventrites . . . . . . 129

129(128) Metatarsomere 1 slightly longer than 2 ( Fig. L,P ) ; mesoventrite distinctly rising in front of mesocoxae . . . . . .  Scituloglaucytes

-Metatarsomere 1 much longer than tarsomeres 2–4 combined ( Fig. K ) ; mesoventrite flat in front of mesocoxae . . . . . . 130

130(129) Mesofemur with longitudinal carina on outer face ( Fig. M ) ; body black with yellow markings ( Fig. U )  . . . . . .  Chlorophorus

-Mesofemur without longitudinal carina on outer face; body black with white markings ( Fig. V )  . . . . . .  Clytus [part]

131(127) Antennomeres 3 and 4 subequal . . . . . . 132

-Antennomere 3 longer than 4 . . . . . . 133

Figure 33. Figure numbers on the opposite page refer to this plate.

132(131) Mesocoxae with strong secondary articulation ( Fig. A,B ) ; large beetles, length more than 17 mm; femora not clavate . . . . . .  Dictamnia [part]

-Mesocoxae without secondary articulation; smaller beetles, up to 15 mm long; femora strongly clavate ( Fig. Y )  . . . . . .  Thepanthes

133(131) Eyes coarsely facetted; prothorax transverse ( Fig. R )  . . . . . .  Stromatium [part]

-Eyes finely facetted; prothorax subquadrate or longer than wide . . . . . .  Sophron [part]

134(115) At least antennomere 3 with distinct apical spine ( Fig. D )  . . . . . . 135

-Antennomeres without spines . . . . . . 143

135(134) Protibia arched apically ( Fig. C ) ; pronotum with 3–4 weak nodules laterally ( Fig. K )  . . . . . .  ( Fig. T ) Epithora

-Protibia straight; pronotum laterally smooth or irregular or with single lateral projection . . . . . . 136

136(135) Elytra with complex longitudinal and transverse ivory pattern on black background ( Fig. N ) ; metafemur strongly clavate, reaching beyond apices of elytra . . . . . .  Acrogenius

-Elytra without longitudinal and transverse ivory markings; other characters not in combination . . . . . . 137

137(136) Elytra uniformly brown to black ( Fig. U )  . . . . . .  Callidiopis [part]

-Elytra with brown and yellow colour patterns . . . . . . 138

138(137) Elytra light brown with ivory-yellow isolated spots ( Fig. H )  . . . . . .  Thoris [part]

-Elytra brown with transverse or irregular lighter or darker fasciae . . . . . . 139

139(138) Prothorax transverse or subquadrate with pointed or blunt tubercle near middle ( Fig. I ) ; antennomeres with a strong apical inner spine or with smaller inner and outer spines . . . . . .  Phoracantha

-Prothorax longer than wide, lateral sides with or without tubercles; antennomeres variable . . . . . . 140

140(139) Pronotum with sparse long setae only, surface glabrous and shiny; in some species males with setose patches on abdomen ( Fig. F )  . . . . . .  ( Fig. V ) Atesta [part]

-Pronotum with mixed sparse long and short adpressed setae ( Fig. G )  . . . . . . 141

141(140) Only antennomere 3 with inner spine ( Fig. E ) ; pronotum densely punctured, feebly shiny . . . . . .  ( Fig. X ) Monoplia [part]

-At least antennomeres 3 and 4 with distinct inner spines; pronotum with at least with some shiny, raised areas . . . . . . 142

142(141) Meso- and metafemora gradually swollen ( Fig. Q )  . . . . . .  Coleocoptus

-Meso- and metafemora clavate ( Fig. M )  . . . . . .  Coptocercus

143(134) Elytra bearing isolated convex ivory spots or oblique fasciae . . . . . . 144

-Elytra uniformly black or brown or with other colour pattern . . . . . . 146

144(143) Elytra with isolated spots ( Fig. H,L )  . . . . . . 145

-Elytra with transverse fasciae ( Fig. P )  . . . . . .  Ectosticta [part]

145(144) Prothorax with dense adpressed setae and shiny elevated nodules Thoris [part]

-Prothorax flat with dense punctures and short, scarcely visible setae . . . . . .  Eburophora

146(143) Mesocoxae with strong secondary articulations ( Fig. A,B )  . . . . . . 147

-Mesocoxae without secondary articulations . . . . . . 155

147(146) Pronotum bearing spots or lateral areas of light or reddish adpressed setae ( Fig. J )  . . . . . . 148

-Pronotum without spots of dense setae . . . . . . 150

148(147) Elytra rounded apically; antenna filiform ( Fig. J )  . . . . . .  Ceresium [part]

-Elytra spinose apically; antenna thicker often serrate ( Fig. O,S )  . . . . . . 149

149(148) Procoxal cavities apparently closed externally . . . . . .  Piesarthrius [part, female]

-Procoxal cavities distinctly open . . . . . .  Dictamnia [part]

150(147) Elytra dark brown to black with orange transverse band near middle; antennomeres 3–5 with sharp inner angle . . . . . .  ( Fig. W ) Steata [part]

-Elytra brown or yellow, uniform or with unclear spots; antennomeres with 3–5 blunt angles . . . . . . 151

Figure 34. Figure numbers on the opposite page refer to this plate.

151(150) Pronotum with dense adpressed yellowish setae, five shiny nodules and sparse glabrous setigerous punctures laterally ( Fig. B,P ) ; . . . . . .  Coccothorax

-Pronotum not as above . . . . . . 152

152(151) Pronotal surface uniformly densely punctured, appears almost matt ( Fig. D,L ) ; setae on pronotum narrow and not very distinct . . . . . .  Oebarina

-Pronotal surface with sparser punctures, surfaces distinctly shiny . . . . . . 153

153(152) Dark brown, length more than 20 mm . . . . . .  Dictamnia [part]

-Yellow or light brown; length less than 15 mm . . . . . . 154

154(153) Procoxal cavities externally apparently closed; elytron brown with weak yellowish spots near middle ( Fig. T )  . . . . . .  Lygesis [part]

-Procoxal cavities distinctly open externally; elytra uniformly brown or yellowish brown ( Fig. N )  . . . . . .  Omotes

155(146) Pronotum heart-shaped with shiny raised and impressed matt areas bearing dense punctures and setae ( Fig. A,I ) ; antenna with antennomere 4 longer than 3 Adrium

-Pronotum with shape different; antenna almost always with antennomere 3 longer than or subequal to 4 . . . . . . 156

156(155) Eyes finely facetted; antennae short and usually bicoloured . . . . . . 157

-Eyes coarsely facetted; antennae longer and mostly unicoloured . . . . . . 159

157(156) Eyes large and moderately emarginate, upper lobe at narrowest point consists of more than 8 rows of ommatidia; hind femora strongly clavate, extending far beyond apices of elytra ( Fig. H )  . . . . . .  Obrida

-Eyes deeply emarginate, with lobes connected by less than 5 rows of ommatidia or the upper lobe very narrow and consisting of 3–6 rows only; with no other characters in combination . . . . . . 158

158(157) Elytra with transverse ivory markings ( Fig. J ) ; prothorax constricted at base . . . . . .  Ectosticta [part]

-Elytra black and orange, without ivory markings; prothorax not constricted at base . . . . . .  ( Fig. M ) Omophaena [part]

159(156) Pronotum with groups of pale adpressed setae forming spots ( Fig. C ) ; antennae weakly to strongly serrate with flattened antennomeres ( Fig. U )  . . . . . .  Opsidota [part]

-Pronotum unicoloured or with dark pigment markings on cuticle; antenna filiform, antennomeres not distinctly flattened . . . . . . 160

160(159) Elytral apices rounded or truncate ( Fig. S )  . . . . . . 161

-Elytral apices spinose ( Fig. E )  . . . . . . 166

161(160) Elytra with transverse ivory markings ( Fig. J ) ; prothorax constricted at base . . . . . .  Ectosticta [part]

-Elytra black and orange, without ivory markings; prothorax not constricted at base . . . . . . 162

162(161) Pronotum longer than wide, with median angulation ( Fig. S )  . . . . . .  Atesta [part]

-Pronotum transverse or subquadrate, smooth laterally ( Fig. O )  . . . . . . 163

163(162) Terminal abdominal ventrite deeply emarginate apically, in male with lateral spines ( Fig. Q )  . . . . . .  Psylacrida

-Terminal abdominal ventrite rounded or truncate apically . . . . . . . 164

164(163) Metafemur narrow or weakly expanding apically ( Fig. F ) ; eyes large, very coarsely facetted, the upper lobes separated by 1.0–1.2 times diameter of antennal foramen; antenna usually short, not reaching to elytral apices . . . . . .  Paphora

-Metafemur distinctly clavate ( Fig. G,K ) ; eyes with upper lobes separated by at least 1.5 times diameter of antennal foramen; antennae usually extending beyond elytral apices . . . . . . 165

165(164) Body larger than 15 mm, uniformly dark brown or black; prothorax not strongly constricted at base, shiny . . . . . .  ( Fig. K,O ) Callidiopis [part]

-Body smaller than 12 mm, yellowish-brown or brown with variable pigment colour markings; prothorax at least weakly constricted at base and mostly matt . . . . . .  ( Fig. G ) Bethelium

166(160) Uniformly light brown and apparently glabrous ( Fig. E )  . . . . . .  Tethionea

-Dark brown with transverse fascia on elytra ( Fig. R ) , elytra distinctly setose . . . . . .  Steata [part]

Review of the Australian genera of Cerambycinae

Acrogenius Blackburn

(Figure 39C,D)

Acrogenius Blackburn, 1896a: 38. Type species by monotypy, Acrogenius tinctus Blackburn, 1896a.

Acrogenoides McKeown, 1945: 291, unnecessary replacement for Acrogenius Blackburn, 1896a.

Tribe: Tillomorphini

References: Aurivillius 1912: 422; McKeown 1947: 102.

Diagnosis

Small to medium-sized, distinctive beetles (Fig. 39C) with dorsum yellow, black and orange and antennae filiform, extending slightly behind abdominal apex. Frontoclypeus transverse. Gland opening at base of mandibles absent. Eyes finely facetted, distinctly emarginate. Antennal tubercles broadly separated. Antennal foramen depressed; anterior margin close to mandibular articulation. Antennal scape distinctly shorter than pronotum; pedicel as long as wide; antennomere 3 almost twice length of scape; antennomeres 3–7 with apical spines. Pronotum subquadrate, lateral margins arcuate, smooth; pronotal disc indistinctly tuberculate. Prosternal process moderately broad, weakly expanded apically, flat. Procoxal cavities rounded with narrow lateral extensions; open externally. Procoxae weakly projecting below prosternal process. Mesoventrite flat in front of mesocoxae; mesoventral intercoxal process as broad as coxa, without secondary articulation, emarginate apically. Mesocoxal cavities broadly open to mesepimeron; mesotrochantin exposed. Elytra without costae, with ivory-coloured markings; punctures distinct, not in rows; apices externally spinose. Femora strongly thickening toward apices; metafemur exceeding apex of abdomen; tibiae not flattened.

Description

LENGTH 10–12 mm. Body elongate-oval, length 3.2–3.5 times width. Dorsal surfaces with contrasting yellow, black and orange colours, bearing both short recumbent and elongate erect setae. Sexual dimorphism: unknown.

HEAD capsule as long as wide, not constricted behind eyes. Frontoclypeus slightly inclined, transverse. Frontoclypeal suture weakly impressed. Longitudinal groove in front of eye absent. Gland opening at base of mandibles absent. Median frontal groove complete anteriorly. Eyes finely facetted, distinctly emarginate, lobes joined by 3–4 rows of ommatidia; frontal interocular index 3.0–3.5; upper lobes separated dorsally by 2.0–2.5 times diameter of antennal socket; lower lobes not extended ventrally. Gena in front of eye relatively long. Labrum transverse. Ligula membranous. Apical labial palpomere distinctly widened apically, longer than penultimate palpomere. Apical maxillary palpomere strongly widened apically, longer than penultimate palpomere. Antennal insertions wide apart, separated by 3.0–3.5 times diameter of antennal foramen. Antennal foramen depressed; anterior margin relatively close to mandibular articulation; dorsal-most margin approximately level with uppermost level of eye.

ANTENNAE. Antenna 11-segmented, filiform; slightly exceeding apex of elytra. Antennomeres bearing sparse ventral fringe of long setae. Scape gradually expanded toward apex, 0.3–0.4 pronotum length, posteriorly extends to anterior margin of pronotum, rounded apically. Pedicel subquadrate. Antennomere 3 with short apical spine, 1.8–2.0 times as long as scape; antennomeres 4–6 with very short apical spines or prominent inner apical angles; terminal segment as long as penultimate.

PROTHORAX. Pronotum as long as wide; wider than head; widest near middle; not constricted at apex, weakly constricted at base. Pronotal disc indistinctly tuberculate and punctate; lateral margins arcuate, without projections. Prosternum in front of procoxae 2.5–3.0 times mid length of procoxal cavity. Prosternal process about 0.6 times as wide as coxal cavity, slightly expanded posteriorly; flat. Procoxal cavities circular with very narrow gap laterally; widely open posteriorly. Procoxae convex, slightly projecting below level of prosternum.

PTEROTHORAX. Scutellum apically pointed, sparsely clothed with depressed setae. Mesonotum with striated stridulatory area. Mesoventrite in front of coxae flat. Mesocoxae distinctly separated, at narrowest point separated by at least one cavity diameter; secondary mesocoxal articulation absent; mesoventral intercoxal process deeply notched apically. Mesocoxal cavity narrowly open to mesepimeron; mesotrochantin hardly visible externally. Metaventrite with scent gland openings near postero-lateral angles.

ELYTRA. Length 2.5–2.7 times mid length of prothorax; covering entire abdomen; straight and interlocking along suture; lateral edge of elytron straight or weakly sinuate; raised ridges or costae absent; elytral punctures distinct, irregular; vestiture of elytra comprising both short recumbent and elongate erect setae; surface with longitudinal and transverse raised ivory-coloured markings; elytral apices truncate weakly spinose on external angles.

LEGS. Protrochanter strongly oblique. Protibial spurs paired. Meso- and metafemora pedunculate-clavate (abruptly thickening distally). Metafemur exceeding apex of abdomen. Tibiae not carinate. Metatarsomere 1 shorter than tarsomeres 2–5 together, as long as hind tarsomeres 2 and 3 together. Pretarsal claws widely divergent.

ABDOMEN. Abdominal ventrites without patches of dense white setae. Ventrite 1 as long as 2 with well-delimited coxal cavities; intercoxal process triangular and pointed apically. Ventrite 5 in male about as long as 4, truncate or broadly rounded apically. Female ventrite 5 distinctly tapered toward apex, rounded.

MALE TERMINALIA. Not examined

Remarks

The orange pronotum, complex, elevated ivory markings on black elytra, strongly clavate femora and short spines on antennomeres 3–5 easily distinguish Acrogenius from other Australian genera of Cerambycinae.

Biological data

Biology and host plants unknown; one specimen was collected in December 1933.

Distribution

In addition to the holotype of A. tinctus, only three specimens from historic collections have been available for study. Acrogenius is endemic to northern Queensland extending from Cape York south to Millmerran near Toowoomba.

Australian species

tinctus Blackburn

Acrogenius tinctus Blackburn, 1896a: 38.

TL: North Queensland (syntype examined, MV; Fig. 271C).

Adrium Pascoe

(Figure 35D,E)

Adrium Pascoe, 1866b: 105. Type species by original designation, Callidium catoxanthum White, 1855.

Tribe: Callidiopini

References: Aurivillius 1912: 119; McKeown 1947: 46; Matthews 1997: 10.

Diagnosis

Small, dorsally flattened, mostly brown to black beetles with short antennae usually extending beyond posterior margin of pronotum (Fig. 35D). Frontoclypeus transverse. Gland opening at base of mandibles absent. Eyes large, coarsely facetted, deeply emarginate. Antennal tubercles broadly separated. Antennal foramen depressed; anterior margin close to mandibular articulation. Antennal scape slender, distinctly shorter than pronotum; pedicel as long as wide; antennomere 3 shorter than scape without apical spine. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins arcuate; pronotal disc with low tubercles or shiny nodules. Prosternal process narrow, weakly expanded apically. Procoxal cavities circular without lateral extensions; open externally. Procoxae not extending below prosternal process. Mesoventrite flat anteriorly. Mesocoxal cavities broadly separated medially, closed to mesepimeron; mesotrochantin not visible. Elytra without ridges, punctures at base large, irregular. Femora and tibiae not flattened.

Description

LENGTH 5.0–12 mm. Body elongate-oval, length 3.8–4.1 times width. Dorsal surfaces brown or dark brown, bearing sparse elongate erect setae. Sexual dimorphism: not apparent.

HEAD transverse, not constricted behind eyes. Frontoclypeus weakly inclined, transverse; frontoclypeal suture arcuate, strongly grooved. Gland opening at base of mandibles absent. Median frontal groove incomplete anteriorly. Eyes coarsely facetted, distinctly emarginate; lobes connected by 2–3 rows of ommatidia; frontal interocular index 2.5–2.8; upper lobes separated dorsally by 3.5–4.0 times diameter of antennal socket; lower lobes slightly extend ventrally and broadly separated. Longitudinal groove in front of eye absent. Gena in front of eye very short. Ligula membranous; apical labial palpomere strongly widened apically; distinctly longer than penultimate palpomere. Galea normal, expanded toward apex; lacinia well developed; apical maxillary palpomere moderately strongly widened apically, longer than penultimate palpomere. Mandible pointed apically, mesal edge with single tooth. Antennal insertions wide apart, separated by 4.8–5.1 times diameter of antennal foramen. Antennal foramen depressed with internal articulation, close to mandibular articulation (1 diameter); dorsal-most margin of foramen approximately level with uppermost level of eye.

ANTENNAE. Antenna 11-segmented, filiform; in male exceeding posterior margin of pronotum but not exceeding apex of elytra; antennomeres bearing sparse fringe of long setae ventrally. Scape expanded gradually apically, 0.3–0.4 pronotum length, posteriorly extends to anterior third of pronotum, rounded apically. Pedicel subquadrate. Antennomere 3 shorter than scape or antennomere 4, simple; antennomeres 4–7 without spines; terminal segment subequal to penultimate.

PROTHORAX. Pronotum weakly heart shaped, transverse, length 0.7–0.9 width; wider than head; widest anteriorly; not constricted at apex; constricted at base. Pronotal disc with shiny raised callosities or tubercles. Lateral margins without projections. Prosternum in front of procoxae 1.8–2 times mid length of procoxal cavity. Prosternal process narrow, slightly expanded posteriorly, flat. Procoxal cavities circular without angular gap laterally; narrowly open posteriorly. Procoxae flat, not extended below level of prosternum.

PTEROTHORAX. Scutellum apically rounded and sparsely setose. Mesonotum with striated stridulatory area; anterior margin straight or very slightly convex. Mesoventrite in front of coxae flat or rising gradually to mesocoxae. Mesocoxae at narrowest point separated by one cavity diameter. Secondary mesocoxal articulation absent; mesoventral intercoxal process notched apically. Mesocoxal cavity firmly closed by ventrites; mesotrochantin not externally visible. Metaventrite without functional scent gland openings.

ELYTRA. Length 3.0–3.5 times mid length of prothorax; covering entire abdomen; straight and interlocking along suture; laterally at base not emarginate; lateral edge of elytron straight or weakly sinuate; raised ridges or costae absent; elytral punctures distinct, not arranged in regular striae; vestiture of elytra comprising elongate erect setae only; elytral apices evenly rounded.

LEGS. Protrochanter strongly oblique. Protibia not curved inwards; protibial spurs paired. Femora without ventral setose brushes. Meso- and metafemora broadest near middle. Metafemur not exceeding apex of abdomen. Metatarsomere 1 shorter than tarsomeres 2–5 together, as long as tarsomeres 2 and 3 together. Pretarsal claws narrowly divergent.

ABDOMEN. Abdominal ventrites without patches of dense white setae. Ventrite 1 as long as 2, with well-delimited coxal cavities; intercoxal process triangular and broadened apically. Ventrite 5 in male about as long as 4, truncate apically. Female ventrite 5 longer than 4 and narrowly rounded apically.

MALE TERMINALIA. Tergite VIII transverse, reduced with short median strut; sternite IX with long spiculum gastrale forked at base. Aedeagus about 0.6 of length of abdomen. Parameres narrow, free to base, sparsely setose apically. Penis straight, pointed apically with anterior struts about 3 times as long as apicale; internal sac with very small sclerites at base and reduced flagellum apically.

Remarks

Adrium is distinguished by its broadly oval and relatively flattened body, short antennae and cordiform pronotum bearing paired shallow depressions and low shiny nodules. It is similar to Thepantes in having coarsely facetted eyes, procoxal cavities without lateral extensions and antennomere 4 slightly longer than 3, but is distinguished by its shorter antennae, cordiform pronotum and mesocoxae without secondary articulation.

Biological data

Adults have been collected from October to February, mostly in dry sclerophyll forests, under bark, on sticky traps or in flight intercept traps. They are nocturnal and are often attracted to lights. Turner and Hawkeswood (2001) summarised the biology of A. artifex: it breeds in branches of various myrtaceous trees such as Angophora floribunda, Eucalyptus acmenoides, E. eugenioides, E. leucoxylon, E. maculata, E. microcorys.

Distribution

Adrium is endemic and is widespread across inland Australia, known mostly from southern Queensland, New South Vales, Victoria and South Australia. Single specimens have been seen from Tasmania, southern Western Australia and Kuranda (North Queensland).

Australian species

artifex (Newman)

Callidium artifex Newman, 1842c: 353.

TL: Victoria, Port Phillip, (syntype examined, BMNH).

Callidium terebrans Newman, 1842c: 353.

TL: Victoria, Port Phillip (type not found).

Callidium cucujus White, 1855: 323.

TL: South Australia (syntype examined, BMNH; Fig. 228A).

catoxanthum (White)

Callidium catoxanthum White, 1855: 323.

TL: Australia (syntype examined, BMNH; Fig. 227B).

Aeolesthes Gahan

(Figures 36A–H, 37A–F, 130A,B)

Aeolesthes Gahan, 1890: 250. Type species by subsequent designation, Gahan 1906: 126, Hammaticherus aurifaber White, 1853.

Tribe: Cerambycini

References: Vitali 2007: 65; Löbl & Smetana 2010: 158.

Diagnosis

Medium-sized to large, brown and densely setose beetles with antennae extending beyond apices of elytra (Fig. 130A). Frontoclypeus subquadrate. Gland opening at base of mandibles absent. Eyes large, coarsely facetted, distinctly emarginate. Antennal tubercles separated apically. Antennal foramen depressed; anterior margin separated from mandibular articulation. Antennal scape slender, distinctly shorter than pronotum; pedicel transverse; antennomere 3 subequal or longer than scape. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins arcuate and nodulose near middle; pronotal disc rugulose. Prosternal process broad, expanded apically. Procoxal cavities circular without lateral extensions; closed externally. Procoxae not projecting below prosternal process. Mesoventrite flat anteriorly; mesoventral intercoxal process weakly notched apically. Mesocoxal cavities narrowly separated medially with secondary articulation, broadly open to mesepimeron; mesotrochantin visible. Elytra without striae, elytral punctures not visible; elytral surface without costae, apices bispinose. Femora and tibiae not flattened.

Description

LENGTH 20–39 mm. Body elongate-oval, length 3.0–3.3 times width. Dorsal surfaces brown, covered by short, golden recumbent setae. Sexual dimorphism: males with distinctly longer antennae and not bearing apical spines on antennomeres 6–9.

HEAD (Fig. 36A–C) longer than wide, weakly constricted behind eyes. Frontoclypeus weakly inclined, subquadrate or weakly elongate and parallel sided. Frontoclypeal suture arcuate, strongly grooved. Gland opening at base of mandibles absent. Median frontal groove or carina complete anteriorly. Longitudinal groove in front of eye absent. Eyes coarsely facetted, distinctly emarginate, lobes connected by 2–4 rows of ommatidia; frontal interocular index 3.0–3.5; upper lobes separated dorsally by 1.5–2.0 times diameter of antennal socket; lower lobes slightly extended ventrally and broadly separated. Gena in front of eye very short. Labrum transverse. Ligula membranous; apical labial palpomere expanded apically, distinctly longer than penultimate palpomere. Galea normal, expanded toward apex; lacinia well developed; apical maxillary palpomere expanded apically, longer than penultimate palpomere. Mandible pointed apically, mesal edge with two teeth. Antennal insertions wide apart, separated by 3.0–3.5 times diameter of antennal foramen. Antennal foramen depressed; anterior margin widely removed from mandibular articulation (by twice diameter); dorsal-most margin approximately level with uppermost level of eye.

ANTENNAE. Antenna 11-segmented, filiform in males sometimes with basal segments slightly swollen distally and exceeding apex of elytra; antennomeres without long setae ventrally. Scape expanded gradually apically, 0.5–0.7 of pronotum length, posteriorly extending to anterior third of pronotum, rounded apically. Pedicel transverse. Antennomere 3 (Fig. 37A) longer than scape, distinctly longer than antennomere 4; terminal segment subequal to penultimate.

PROTHORAX. Pronotum transverse; length 0.8 width, narrower than head; widest at middle; constricted at apex and at base. Pronotal disc rugulose, bearing short recumbent setae only. Lateral margins crenulated, nodulose near middle (Fig. 36H). Prosternum in front of procoxae 1.5–1.9 times length of procoxal cavity. Prosternal process broad with distinct lateral processes apically; angulate and strongly declivous behind coxae. Procoxal cavities circular without angular gap laterally (Fig. 36D); closed posteriorly. Procoxae flat, not extending below level of prosternum.

PTEROTHORAX (Fig. 36F). Scutellum rounded apically, densely clothed with depressed setae. Mesonotum with striated stridulatory area; anterior margin convex. Mesoventrite in front of coxae flat or gradually rising to mesocoxae. Mesocoxae at narrowest point separated by at least one cavity diameter. Secondary mesocoxal articulation with mesoventral knob and mesocoxal cavity; mesoventral intercoxal process notched apically. Mesocoxal cavity broadly open to

mesepimeron. Mesotrochantin partially visible. Metaventrite without functional scent gland openings.

ELYTRA (Fig. 37B). Length 3.5–4.5 times length of prothorax, covering entire abdomen, straight and interlocking along suture; lateral edge of elytron straight or weakly sinuate; raised ridges or costae absent; elytral striae absent; elytral punctures absent, or not clearly visible; vestiture of elytra comprising short recumbent setae only; without any raised ivory-coloured markings; elytral apices bispinose.

LEGS (Fig. 37D–F). Protrochanter strongly oblique. Protibia not curved inwards; protibial spurs paired. Femora without ventral setose brushes. Meso- and metafemora linear, not noticeably enlarged. Metafemur not exceeding apex of abdomen. Tibiae not carinate. Metatarsomere 1 shorter than tarsomeres 2–5 together, longer than hind tarsomeres 2 and 3 together; pretarsal claws narrowly divergent.

ABDOMEN (Fig. 37C). Abdominal ventrites without patches of dense white setae. Ventrite 1 as long as 2 with well-delimited coxal cavities; intercoxal process triangular and pointed apically. Ventrite 5 in male about as long as 4, truncate or broadly rounded apically.

MALE TERMINALIA. Tergite VIII transverse with short median strut; sternite IX with long spiculum gastrale forked at base. Aedeagus about 0.4 times length of abdomen. Parameres narrow, free to base, densely setose apically. Penis bent, pointed apically with anterior struts about as long as apicale; internal sac with very small sclerites at base and patches of microspinules near middle.

Remarks

The genus Aeolesthes was erected