Amusement Parks
By Jim Hillman
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About this ebook
Jim Hillman
John Murphy, son of the Miramar Club's original general manager and former club employee, and Jim Hillman, childhood Riviera competitive swimmer, historical author, and instructor of sociology, explore the Propylaeum, Highland Golf and Country Club, Dolphin Club, Heather Hills, and several other facilities. Indianapolis Social Clubs provides nearly 200 rare vintage photographic memories that capture the heart, soul, and history of the clubs.
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Amusement Parks - Jim Hillman
GENESIS
MAYBE THE AROMAS are what first grab your attention: an odd combination of fried foods, fresh flowers, whipped cotton candy, the heat rising from the asphalt walkways, the coaster grease, and an unidentified smell or two. It could be the sounds that get you. You hear the band organ music of the carousel, the giggles and screams of excited children, the hawkers working the games of chance, and the clicking and clanking of the roller coaster trains on the way to the crest of the lift hill. There are lights everywhere, some flashing, some changing colors. There are unique buildings with numerous signs, and strange moving machines going in multiple directions, seemingly at once. You feel excited yet apprehensive as you enter the gates of the amusement park.
Those very sensations have been experienced by those of us fortunate enough to have visited America’s amusement parks. The origination of the amusement industry in the United States was not an organized progression. Evolving from humble picnic grounds and gathering spots, recreational opportunities grew and mirrored counterparts on other continents.
The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries saw rapid growth of European towns and the corresponding crowdedness of communal living, punctuated by dismal, smoky industry, unsavory sanitary conditions, and general bleakness. Newly emerging pleasure gardens offered an oasis to those city dwellers desiring a simple, convenient escape from urban life. As immediate predecessors to the traditional American amusement park, the pleasure gardens of Europe grew to include simple diversions such as open areas for community socializing, developed swimming areas, dancing halls, games of chance, exhibitionist entertainment, and primitive, often animal-powered rides.
The masses flocked to the gardens to escape the pressures of urban life. But the very cities that nurtured the desire for escape eventually accelerated the decline and near disappearance of these European play lands. By the close of the politically unstable eighteenth century, few of the gardens survived. Dyrehavsbakken in Copenhagen, Denmark, and Prater in Vienna, Austria, are the two remaining examples of those wonderful gardens.
Artistic sideshow banners have become a familiar sight on Coney Island midways, harkening back to the days when exhibitionist displays were common entertainment at European pleasure gardens.
Similar to the gardens across the pond, but well before the advent of multimillion-dollar, corporate-owned, and profit-focused theme parks, simple pleasure gardens dotted the American landscape. Jones Woods, located in NewYork along the East River near Manhattan, is documented as America’s first major amusement area. From the early 1800s, the Woods expanded from a simple gathering spot to include then-novel amenities such as a designated picnic area, donkey rides, and even a bustling beer hall.
Across America, but mostly concentrated along the east coast, small and primitive resorts began to appear in fields and tree groves in or around developing cities, usually near bodies of water or areas known for their natural beauty. Of upmost significance, the grand entrepreneurial experiment known as Coney Island took shape on a small sliver of land-hugging Brooklyn, New York. Located adjacent to the largest concentration of people in America, this seaside peninsula was ripe for development. The first hotel was built and accepted visitors in 1829, capitalizing on the soothing ocean waves and smooth sands of the nearby beach. By the mid-1800s, bathing, dining, dancing, and other recreational facilities were actively in use, and rail service was supplied to the blooming resort area. Before long, the working man’s paradise was brimming with more sophisticated entertainment offerings and often questionable diversions.
A Coney Island midway hawker, as seen in the late 1990s, attracts a customer for Reynolds’ Believe It You’re Nuts Hysterical Museum. Bobby Reynolds remains the last of the great sideshow showmen on the sawdust trail.
The ocean breeze blew forth vaudeville and cabaret theaters alongside the crystal balls of fortunetellers, street sideshow hawkers, pickpockets, and medicine men touting their tonics. The 300-foot Iron Tower, relocated from the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exposition, was erected on the peninsula in 1877, and in 1884, the world’s first traditional wooden roller coaster, invented by LaMarcus Thompson, was constructed. Known as the Switchback Railway, this new attraction encouraged numerous businessmen to invest in the Brooklyn area known as Coney Island; the peninsula was becoming a local retreat and regional vacation destination. It is not an exaggeration to state that most people had heard