Edvard Munch - The Scream – End of an error
By Gerd Presler
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Book preview
Edvard Munch - The Scream – End of an error - Gerd Presler
Fig.: Selbstbildnis mit Zigarette, 1895, Woll 382
Edvard Munch
The scream – End of an error
Errors that determined what was said and written about the great Norwegian over the years and decades. They started with a wrong title for the world-famous work. It is not called The Scream
at all! And they ended with the ignorance and dismissal of one version of the painting of the Screaming through Nature – perhaps the most important one. It is to be found on its back – and was simply passed over.
Contents
1. End of an error I
2. Edvard Munch, „The Scream" – A painting tells ist story
3. Where did Edvard Munch hear the screaming [Geschrei] through nature
?
4. 1889/90, The beginning: A sketchbook sheet
5. 1891, Station 1: The color of the screaming
[Geschrei]
6. 1891, Station 2: The turbulent sky
7. Around 1892, Station 3: The wave of the screaming
8. 1893, Station 4: Dragged into the screaming
9. 1893, Station 5: The unkown face
10. 1893, Station 6: The timeless cipher of fear
11. Screaming
[Geschrei]: A permanent answer
12. 1893, 1895, Pictorially dominate: The pastels
13. An interim report: The smart collector Arthur von Franquet
14. The unnoticed reverse side of the pastel
15. 1910, The last version of the screaming
Documents: The Screaming
[Geschrei] – Eighteen poetic texts by Edvard Munch
16. End of an error II: Scream
[Schrei] or Screaming
[Geschrei] – that is not the question
17. Revealing evidence: List and routing slip
18. Tracking the magical 52
19. Two collectors request Screaming
[Geschrei]
20. End of an error III: Summary
21. A final observation
22. Imprint
23. Endnotes
1. End of an error I
Fig.: Woll 372r
Fig.: Woll 372v
Fig.: Woll 372r, detail
Everything that can be said about a painting such as The Scream by Edvard Munch has been said and written – one would assume. But the contrary is true. Munch died in 1944. The catalogue raisonné of his printed graphic work appeared only in 2001¹, and that of his paintings even not until 2009. The literary estate, which is kept at the Munch Museum in Oslo – most of which has been studied by now after many years of research – has been available to scholars via the Internet since 2010.² In Norwegian – which does not facilitate its access. A number of issues that previously could be settled only insufficiently can now be explained from the sources
– that is to say: from Edvard Munch’s own written words. Throughout his life he kept every letter, every scrap of paper, no matter how tiny – in suitcases. That these treasures
are now being retrieved changes the situation. Especially in this case: The Scream, that world-famous work which exists in five versions and one lithograph, reveals itself to us anew. Munch circles around his work as a painter, and he circles it in 15 literary-poetic texts, which are made available here for the first time in their entirety – an unexpected discovery.
Everything began in 1889/90: during an evening walk Munch heard the loud screaming through Nature
outside the gates of Kristiania – whatever that may mean. He reached for his pencil and later his pen: the painter and the poet validating what he has experienced. A double source. Today it must serve as the starting point for any interpretation, as the painter and poet is the number one authority on his work.³ Munch commented on his experience on Ljabro Road. We have these sources.
And what we are now – finally – able to see: the painter Edvard Munch developed the subject step by step over the course of years until it reached the perfection that is admired the world over today.
It is an extraordinary story. Retracing it is the purpose of this article. As already mentioned: for a long time written statements by Munch on The Scream were not accessible. Their lack – and this is not meant to apportion blame – resulted in deep-rooted errors. Errors that determined what was said and written about the great Norwegian over the years and decades. They started with a wrong title for the world-famous work. It is not called The Scream at all! And they ended with the ignorance and dismissal of one version of the painting of the Screaming through Nature – perhaps the most important one. It is to be found on its back – and was simply passed over.
2. Edvard Munch, „The Scream" – A painting tells ist story
Fig.: Five souvenirs: Button, Flytoget, Uhr, Halloween Mask, Kopfkissen, Briefmarke You can ask people on the six major continents about this painting. "Munch’s Scream is … one of the world’s best known paintings in most recent art history."⁴ Consequently, there was reason to worry when one version was stolen from the