Anatomy & Physiology Terms Greek&Latin ROOTS DECODED! Vol.5: Complete Skeletal & Muscular System, Gross Anatomy-Histology Terms

Anatomy & Physiology Terms

Greek&Latin ROOTS DECODED!

Volume5, Skeletal System And Muscular Sytem

Histology & Gross Anatomy Terms

Copyright 2015 Lee Oliva, D.C.

By Lee Oliva, D.C.

Distributed by Smashwords, License Notes

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TABLE of CONTENTS

Message from the Author

How to Use This Book

Abbreviations

Skeletal System: Histology & Gross Anatomy Terms (combined)

--- DIRECTORY of Skeletal System: Histology and Gross Anatomy Terms

--- MORPHOLOGY: comp., and ROOT-STEMS, SUFFIX-PREFIXES

Muscular System: Histology & Gross Anatomy Terms (combined)

--- DIRECTORY of Muscular System: Histology and Gross Anatomy Terms

--- MORPHOLOGY: comp., and ROOT-STEMS, SUFFIX-PREFIXES

References

Acknowledgement

About the Author

A MESSAGE FROM THE AUTHOR

Congratulations for acquiring this study guide to Anatomy and Physiology (A&P) terminology. Mastering these terms will ease your sojourn through the academic years of your chosen health profession.

By giving you a handle on the massive number of terms, the author hopes to ease the perennial concern of Health majors about A&P: How am I going to remember all these? This is the promise; the fulfillment is your task. Likewise, Education holds great promises, but the realization depends on your hard work.

There are two parts to each entry: 1. a brief definition of term and its metaphorical imagery, its morphology, indicated by comp.,; 2. the Root-Stems, Prefix-Suffixes. The morphology of the terms is the compounding of the Root-Stems with other roots and Prefix-Suffixes. The Root-Stems, Prefix-Suffixes section truly DECODED! the cryptic imagery of the roots.

You will discover the fascinating, sometimes, amusing metaphors and imagery of A&P Terminology. Seemingly commonplace terms hold the Aha!-discovery. You will appreciate how much Latin permeated the English Language in everyday usage. The stems morph into two or more different terms, introducing you to more concepts that you will eventually have to learn.

Do peruse this book for the most mundane everyday A&P term to the most esoteric. English speakers may find some of the Greek&Latin ROOTS DECODED! too ordinary and the meaning, commonplace. The reasons are twofold: first, it will enhance your understanding of the terms (Try MUSCLE; the root will amuse you.); second, these books are translated into several languages. The unique nomenclature of A&P has been agreed upon amongst countries and languages.

The books are not a rehash of Google searches. It is a distillation of sources from online etymology sites, A&P textbook, English and Latin Dictionaries. When you click on a term, you will be beamed to an organized and concise morphology of the term.

Latin Grammar background is not required to fully gain from these guides. The reader is encouraged to scan the brief, one page, chapter HOW TO USE THIS BOOK.

If your curiosity, wonderment, and awe for Anatomy and Physiology are enhanced by this body of work, I will have fulfilled my goal.

Lee Emmanuel Oliva, D. C.

Westminster, CA

U.S.A

HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

Rest assured that there is no other-worldly Latin Grammar lesson lurking anywhere in this book. It is a direct to the point guide to the morphology and etymology of the multi-syllabic A&P terms.

As in English words of Latin origins: the stems of Latin nouns and verbs are the direct derivation of the terms. In nouns, the plural form is the stem; in verbs, the past participle form. These are the key parts to recognize in the compounding of A&P terms. If this does not make sense now, be not concerned. This phenomenon is indicated in each entry. Nevertheless, this is illustrated below.

GUIDELINE 1 –

Example 1: Os (n.; plu., Osses), a bone

The plural form, Osses, is derived for OSSIFICATION, OSSICLES

Example 2: Rete (n.; plu., Retices), a net

The plural form, Retices, is derived for RETICULUM, RETICULATED

Example 3: Caput (n.; plu., Capites), a head

The plural form, Capites, is derived for CAPITATE, CAPITULUM

NOTE: The plural forms departs to almost unrelated form (Os to Osses; Rete to Retices; Caput to Capites). This is the nature of Latin noun declensions; this is not a cause for concern since plural forms are indicated in the entries as shown above.

GUIDELINE 2 – Pertains to verbs: The past participle form is the direct derivation.

Example 1: Rotare (v.; Roto, Rotare, Rotavi, Rotatum), to turn, whirl around

Rotatum (past participle form), turned around

Thus, Rotatum is derived for ROTATION, ROTATOR

Example 2: Abducere (v.; Abduco, Abducere, Abduxi, Abductum), to lead away

Abductum (past participle form), led away

Thus, Abductum is derived for ABDUCTION, ABDUCTOR.

NOTE: The past participle form usually ends in –tum (Rotatum, Abductum). The rest of the entries within the parentheses, (Abduco, Abducere, Abduxi, Abductum), are mere Latin grammar convention (for the few remaining Latin Grammarians left alive).

Recognize these patterns for nouns and verbs and the rest is self-explanatory.

GUIDELINE 3 – Adjectives and prepositional derivatives are self-evident.

ABBREVIATIONS

*Greek and Latin words are bold and Italics.

DIRECTORY of Terms - Skeletal System:

Histology & Gross Anatomy Terms

ACRO-, ACROMEGALY, ACROMIOM (PROCESS), ACROSOME, ACROSOMAL

ALA, ALAR, ALAQUE

ALVEOLUS, ALVEOLAR PROCESS

ANTE, ANTERIORIS , ANTI-

ANUS, ANAL, ANULUS, ANULUS FIBROSUS, ANULAR

APPENDIX, APPENDICULAR, APPENDICULAR SKELETAL SYSTEM

APPOSITION, APPOSITIONAL

-ARCH

ARTICULATION, ARTICULAR

ATLAS, ATLANTO-

AURICLE, AURICULARIS, AURICULAR SURFACE

AXIAL, AXIAL SKELETAL SYSTEM, AXON

BICEPS M., BICIPITAL

BIFID, BIFID SPINOUS PROCESSES., BIFIDA

BLASTS ,OSTEOBLASTS

CALCANEUS

CALCITONIN

CALLUS

CALVARIUM

CANAL, CANALICULUS

CANCELLOUS

CAPITATE, CAPITIS, CAPITULUM

CAROTID ARTERY

CARPI, CARPALIS

CARTILAGE

CAVITY

CERVIX, CERVICIS, CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, CERVICO-

CHONDRO-, CHONDROBLASTS, CHONDROCYTES

CIRCUS, CIRCLE, CIRCULAR, CIRCULATION, CIRCUMFERENTIAL

CLASTS, OSTEOCLASTS

CLAVICLE, CLAVICULAR

COCCYX, COCCYGEUS, COCCYGEAL

COLLUS, COLLI, COLLICULUS

COLUMN, VERTEBRAL COLUMN

CONCENTRIC, CONCENTRATION

CONCHA, CONCHAE

CONDYLE, CONDYLOID, CONDYLOID PROCESS, CONDYLAR, EPICONDYLE

CORACOID, CORACOID PROCESS, CORACO-

CORNU, CORNU of HYOID, CORNEA, CORNEUM, CORNIFIED, CORNICULATE

CORONAL (PLANE), CORONOID PROCESS, CORONARY A

CORTEX, CORTICAL, CORTICO-

COSTA, COSTALIS, COSTARUM, COSTO-

COXAE, OS COXAE, COXAL

CRANIUM, CRANIAL, CRANIO-

CRESTA

CRIBRIFORM

CRISTA, CRISTA GALLI

CUBOID

CUNEUS, CUNEATUS, CUNEIFORM

DELTOID M.

DENS, DENTATE, DENTICULATE, DENTIN, DENTO-, ODONTOID

DIAPHYSIS

DISC/DISK, DISCOID

ELASTIC, ELASTIN

EMINENCE

EPICONDYLE, EPICONDYLAR

EPIPHYSIS, EPIPHYSEAL

ETHMOID B., ETHMOIDAL

EXTERNUS, EXTERNAL, EXTERIOR, EXTERO- , ECTO- , EXTRA-

FACET

FEMUR, FEMORIS, FEMORAL

FIBER, FIBROSUS, ANULUS FIBROSUS, FIBRIN, FIBRIL, FIBRINOGEN, FIBRO-

FIBULA, FIBULARIS

FISSURE, -FID

FONTANEL

FORAMEN, FORAMINA

FOSSA

FOVEA, FOVEA CAPITIS

FRONTAL B.

GENESIS, GENUS

GENU, GENICULATE, GENICULAR, GENIO-/GENU-

GLABELLA

GLENOID, GLENOID FOSSA, GLENOID LABRUM, GLENO-

GLUTEUS, GLUTEAL

HAMATE B., HAMULUS

HAVERSIAN

HEME, HEMATOCRIT, HEMATOMA, HEMATOPOESIS, HEMOLYSIS,HEMATURIA, HEMARTHROSIS, HEMOGLOBIN, HEMA-/HEMO-/HEMATO-

HIATUS, HIATAL

HOMEOSTASIS

HUMERUS

HYALINE, HYALURONIC (ACID)

HYOID B., HYO-

HYPERTROPHY, HYPERTROPHIC

ILIUM, ILIACUS M., ILIO-

INCISIVE, INCISOR, INCISURA

INFERIORIS, INFERIOR, INFRA-

INFUNDIBULUM

INTERSTITIUM, INTERSTITIAL, -STITIUM

ISCHIUM, ISCHIAL, ISCHIADIC/ISCHIADIC, ISCHIO-

JUGULAR

LACRIMAL B.

LACUNA

LAMELLA, LAMELLATED, LAMELLAR

LAMINA, LAMINAR FLOW

LATA, LATAE, LATISSIMUS, LATERALIS

LINEA, LINEA ASPERA

LUMBAR, LUMBAR SPINE/VERTEBRAE, LUMBORUM, LUMBO-

LUNATE B., LUNULA

MAGNUM, MAJOR, MAXIMUS

MALACIA, OSTEOMALACIA

MALLEUS, MALLEOLUS

MANDIBLE, MANDIBULAR

MANUBRIUM, MANUBRIO-

MARROW

MASTOID, MASTOID PROCESSES

MATRIX

MAXILLA B., MAXILLARY

MEATUS, AUDITORY MEATUS

MEDIUS, MEDIAL, MEDIATOR, MEDULLA, MEDULLARY

MENTAL FORAMEN

META-, METACARPAL B., METATARSAL B.

NARES

NASUS, NASI, NASALIS, NASO-

NAVICULAR B.

NEURON, NEURONAL, NEURAL, NEURITIS, NEUROBLASTOMA, NEUROCRANIUM, -NEURIUM, NEURO-

NUCHAL LINE

NUCLEUS, NUCLEUS PULPOSUS, NUCLEOLUS, NUCLEAR, NUCLEIC, NUCLEO-

OCCIPUT, OCCIPITAL, OCCIPITO-

ODONTOID (PROCESS)

OLECRANON, OLECRANON PROCESS

OPTIC, OPSIN, OPSONIN, OPT-

ORBIT, ORBITAL, ORBICULARIS

OS, OS COXAE, OSSEUS, OSSICLES, OSSIFICATION

OSTEUM/OSTEON, OSTEOPENIA, OSTEO-

PALATE, PALATINI, PALATINE, PALATO-

PARIETAL B.

PATELLA, PATELLAR

PECTINEUS M., PECTINEAL, PECTINATE, PECTINATIM

PECTORES, PECTORALIS M., PECTORAL

PEDAL, PEDICLE, PEDUNCULATED

PELVIS, PELVIC

PERIOSTEUM

PETROUS, PETROSAL, PETROUS PORTION

PHALANX, PHALANGES, PHALANGEAL

PILLAR, ARTICULAR PILLAR

PISIFORM B.

PROCESS, PROJECTION

PROLIFERATION, PROLIFERATIVE

PROMINENCE

PROTUBERANCE

PUBIS

PULPOSUS, NUCLEUS PULPOSUS

RADIUS, RADIALIS, RADIO-

RAMUS, RAMI

SACRUM B., SACROILIAC JT., SACRO-

SCAPHOID B.

SCAPULA, SCAPULAE, SCAPULAR

SELLA, SELLA TURCICA

SINUS, SINUSOID, SINU-

SKELETON

SPHENOID B., SPHENOIDAL

SPINAE, SPINALIS, SPINOSUM, SPINATUS

SQUAMOUS, SQUAMOUS PORTION

STERNUM, STERNAL

STYLOID PROCESS, STYLO-

SUBSCAPULARIS M.

SUPER, SUPERIORIS, SUPREMUS, SUPRA-

TALUS

TARSAL B., TARSO-

TEMPORALIS B., TEMPORAL

THORACIS, THORACIC

TIBIA B., TIBIALIS

TRABECULUM, TRABECULA, TRABECULAR

TRANSVERSUS, TRANSVERSE, TRANSVERSARII

TRAPEZIUM B.

TRAPEZIUS M.

TRIQUETRIUM B.

TROCHANTER

TROCHLEA

TUBEROUS, TUBERCULUM, TUBERCLE, TUBEROSITY

ULNA B., ULNERIS

UNCINATUS, UNCINATE PROCESS

VERTEBRA, VERTEBRAE, VERTEBRAL

VERTICAL

VESTIBULE, VESTIBULATED

VISCEROCRANIUM

VOMER

XIPHOID PROCESS

ZYGOMA, ZYGOMATIC, ZYGOPOPHYSEAL, ZYGOTE, ZYGOUS

DIRECTORY

Muscular System: Histology and Gross Anatomy Terms

ABDOMINAL, ABDOMINIS

ABDUCENS, ABDUCTION, ABDUCTOR

ACETIC, ACETONE

ACETYLCHOLINE, ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE

ACTIN, ACTIN MYOFILAMENTS

ACTION, ACTION POTENTIAL

ADDUCTION, ADDUCTOR

AEROBE, AEROBIC, AEROBIC RESPIRATION

AGONIST

ALA, ALAR, ALAQUE

ANAEROBE, ANAEROBIC

ANCONEUS M.

ANGULI, ANGULI ORIS

ANISOTROPIC (A-BAND)

ANTAGONIST

ANTE, ANTERIORIS, ANTI

ANUS, ANAL, ANULUS, ANULUS FIBROSUS, ANULAR

APONEUROSES

ARRYTHMIA

ARYTENOID

ATROPHY

AURICLE, AURICULARIS

AUTO-, AUTONOMOUS, AUTONOMIC

AUTORHYTHMICITY

BICEPS, BICIPITAL

BIFID, BIFIDA

BIPENNATE

BRACHIUM M., BRACHII, BRACHIALIS M., BRACHIO-

BREVIS

BUCCALIS M., BUCCINATOR M.

BULBAR, BULB, BULBO-

BULBOSPONGIOSUS

CALMODULIN