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    AP United States History Short-Answer Guide
    AP United States History Short-Answer Guide
    AP United States History Short-Answer Guide
    Ebook110 pages1 hour

    AP United States History Short-Answer Guide

    By Ethan Koch

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    About this ebook

    Welcome Juniors, Seniors, and College Students who are currently in enrolled in AP US History (APUSH) along with anyone else looking to enlighten themselves with the history of America. As most of you are currently experiencing this, APUSH is a very intensive class filled with hours of work each week and more information to be learned than you ever thought possible. I know, I have taken this class and it was rough to say the least but I prevailed with flying colors. So to save you from the same misery, I have collected answers for over 180 short-answer questions about key points over the course of 90 lessons. I hope you enjoy!

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherEthan Koch
    Release dateDec 8, 2015
    ISBN9781310309168
    AP United States History Short-Answer Guide

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      Book preview

      AP United States History Short-Answer Guide - Ethan Koch

      Welcome Juniors, Seniors, and College Students who are currently in enrolled in AP US History (APUSH) along with anyone else looking to enlighten themselves with the history of America. As most of you are currently experiencing this, APUSH is a very intensive class filled with hours of work each week and more information to be learned than you ever thought possible. I know, I have taken this class and it was rough to say the least. So to save you from the same misery, I have collected answers for over 180 short-answer questions about key points over the course of 90 lessons. I hope you enjoy!

      Below some titles you may see Categories: xxx the grouped letters that follow state the main idea of the lesson. (First appears on Lesson 13).

      Key: ID – Identity

      POL – Politics

      CUL – Culture

      WOR – Around the World

      WXT – Work, Exchange, and Technology

      PEO – Peopling

      ENV - Environment

      The Native American Experience – 1

      What were the main characteristics of the Indian civilizations of Mesoamerica?

      The main characteristics of the Indian civilizations of Mesoamerica included large urban centers. These centers required the establishment of complex irrigation systems. Each Indian civilization also erected many large temples including the famous Pyramid of the Sun. The Mayans had two main social classes: the peasants, made up of primarily farmers, and the elite, who claimed to be descendants of the gods and collected taxes from the peasants. The Mayans also developed hieroglyphic writing to record history. Likewise, the Aztecs formed extensive trade routes to receive much of their supplies. Through trade, the Aztecs became a strong power against the invading Spaniards.

      How were eastern woodland Indian societies organized and governed?

      The eastern woodland Indian societies were organized into clans and were self-governed. The clans were groups of families who had traced their lineage to a common ancestor. Many clans also called themselves real people and believed that all others were aliens. The elders and chiefs of each clan were the ones who maintained order. These societies also had matrilineal systems of kinship and inheritance which was opposite to the European systems. This means that the men had little authority and rarely inherited property. On the other hand, women were the ones who passed rights to use the cultivated fields on to their daughters.

      Tradition-Bound Europe – 2

      Why do you think the Church included pagan holidays in its calendar?

      At the time, the majority of Europeans were pagans, also meaning they believed in animism. As the animists saw it, the natural world, such as the sun, wind, and water, was ruled by spiritual forces that, if not paid attention to, would disrupt the balance of life. The Christian priests, however, were trying the spread the idea that Jesus Christ, the only son of a supernatural God, freed the people from sin. The Christian Church soon formed its own calendar. Although the Church included pagan holidays in its calendar, these celebrations were hardly pagan at all. When creating the religious calendar, the Christian Church made their holidays take the place of the pagan holidays by altering the names and meaning of the days. This action made it difficult to practice paganism and encouraged people to join the Christian faith.

      What happened to women upon the death of their husbands in medieval Europe?

      Upon the death of their husbands in medieval Europe, the women, who gives up everything to their husbands, receives a dower. A dower allows the women to possess one-third of the family’s property.

      Europeans Create a Global World – 3

      Why and how did Portugal and Spain pursue overseas commerce and conquest?

      Portugal pursued overseas commerce and conquest to utilize the new trading opportunities in Africa, but they were dependent on the Africans to trade inland. Through the establishment of forts in Africa, the Portuguese traded slaves to work in their plantations. Still setting their sights on Asia for spices, the Portuguese sent Vasco da Gama to India. By using superior ships, da Gama defeated the Arabian fleets and completed the voyage that supplied Venice with spices for a year.

      On the other hand, Spain pursued overseas commerce and conquest because the monarchs believed that power and prosperity came from national unity and foreign commerce. To expand their rule and claim the riches of the land, the Spanish quickly conquered the Aztecs, the Incans, and a part of the Mayans. This was an easy feat because the disease the Spanish brought with them wiped out the majority of these natives in a matter of months. The Spanish also created the Columbian Exchange which included countries from all over the world. This global trade network changed Spain forever and they became the strongest country in Europe.

      Compare and contrast the Portuguese impact in Africa with the Spanish impact in America.

      2) Both the Portuguese and the Spanish impacted the country they explored by trading various goods for the natives of the region. These natives were valuable to the Portuguese and the Spanish because they were sold as slaves for a large profit. The two European countries also had differing impacts on the nations in which they were involved.

      In Africa, the Portuguese originally had a positive impact on West Africa because they offered foreign life such as plants and animals. They also helped the Africans trade with nations unknown to them. The Spanish, however, conquered the Americas by destroying countless civilizations in search of gold.

      The Rise of Protestant England – 4

      How did Protestant religious doctrine differ from that of Roman Catholicism?

      The Roman Catholics disallowed annulments which angered King Henry VIII. Bringing his country with him, Henry VIII broke away from Roman Catholicism and created what is now known as Protestantism. Protestant religious doctrine differed from that of Roman Catholicism in various ways. Protestant religious doctrine stated that where people go after death, either to Heaven or Hell, is decided before their birth, known as predestination. However, Roman Catholics went through a time of believing in indulgences. Indulgences were bought by people for a large sum of money to ensure a place in Heaven regardless of the actions committed by that person. Another contrast was that Roman Catholics used the Church’s clergy to intercede for the people, while the Protestants believe that those who had been baptized in the name of the Lord are able to directly contact Him. Protestants also maintain that the Bible, not the clergy, should be observed as the only reference on faith. Roman Catholicism, on the other hand, had an opposing view, placing the clergy above all.

      What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange in food, people, diseases, and gold on the Americas, Europe, and Africa?

      The Columbian Exchange had a major impact on the Americas, Europe, and Africa. The Americas received animals such as cattle, horses, and pigs from Europe and Asia. The Americas also acquired wheat, rye, sugar, and rice, and exported large amounts of gold to Europe. Europe and Africa traded with the Americas for a variety of foods; many of which greatly increased agricultural yields thus causing a rise in population. Europe also received coconuts and bananas from Africa. African received iron bars and pigs from Europe and cassava, manioc, and cacao from the Americas. The Columbian Exchange didn’t just introduce new foods and animals to the continents; it also spread diseases across the Atlantic. A strain of syphilis entered Europe and Africa. The Americas were devastated by multiple diseases including smallpox, malaria, and yellow fever which also spread to Europe.

      Rival Imperial Models – 5

      What were the colonial goals of the Spanish, French, and Dutch? How successful were they in achieving those goals?

      The colonial goals of the Spanish began as conquest for gold. After retrieving no gold, the Spanish focused in the reinforcement of their empire. They established the first permanent settlement in America to prevent the English from plundering their ships. Although this worked, the Spanish, during this time, lost more than a dozen outposts in Florida. Taking on a third goal, the Spanish tried to Christianize the Indians. After years of rebellion, the Indians and the Spaniards came to a compromise, and the Indians took up Christianity while

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